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Boltzmann, Mach and Wittgenstein’s Vienna
Focusing particularly on the work of Ernst Mach, this paper explores some of the epistemological ground shared between Ludwig Boltzmann and Mach, and offers an account of links between Mach’s published work in psychophysical investigations of the relations between physical and physiological phenomena and his unpublished lectures in physics, to indicate that Mach’s understanding of the scope of the sciences and philosophy – and his intent to move between inner and outer – was as expansive as Wittgenstein’s, and that both aimed to develop a thoroughly consistent approach.
Journal Article
Trust in epistemology
Trust is fundamental to epistemology. It features as theoretical bedrock in a broad cross-section of areas including social epistemology, the epistemology of self-trust, feminist epistemology, and the philosophy of science. Yet epistemology has seen little systematic conversation with the rich literature on trust itself. This volume aims to promote and shape this conversation. It encourages epistemologists of all stripes to dig deeper into the fundamental epistemic roles played by trust, and it encourages philosophers of trust to explore the epistemological upshots and applications of their theories. The contributors explore such issues as the risks and necessity of trusting others for information, the value of doing so as opposed to relying on oneself, the mechanisms underlying trust's strange ability to deliver knowledge, whether depending on others for information is compatible with epistemic responsibility, whether self-trust is an intellectual virtue, and the intimate relationship between epistemic trust and social power. This volume, in Routledge's new series on trust research, will be a vital resource to academics and students not just of epistemology and trust, but also of moral psychology, political philosophy, the philosophy of science, and feminist philosophy - and to anyone else wanting to understand our vital yet vulnerable-making capacity to trust others and ourselves for information in a complex world.
Book
The epistemology of evidence-based policies and practices: a comment on 'When is it justified to claim that a practice or policy is evidencebased? Reflections on evidence and preferences'
This commentary responds to Gade in 'When is it justified to claim that a practice or policy is evidence-based? Reflections on evidence and preferences'
Journal Article
Contemporary Aristotelian metaphysics
\"Aristotelian (or neo-Aristotelian) metaphysics is currently undergoing something of a renaissance. This volume brings together fourteen new essays from leading philosophers who are sympathetic to this conception of metaphysics, which takes its cue from the idea that metaphysics is the first philosophy. The primary input from Aristotle is methodological, but many themes familiar from his metaphysics will be discussed, including ontological categories, the role and interpretation of the existential quantifier, essence, substance, natural kinds, powers, potential, and the development of life. The volume mounts a strong challenge to the type of ontological deflationism which has recently gained a strong foothold in analytic metaphysics. It will be a useful resource for scholars and advanced students who are interested in the foundations and development of philosophy\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
2 The factive assumption: reframing epistemic justification for opaque AI in clinical medicine
IntroductionThe deployment of opaque machine learning (ML) models in clinical settings raises a critical problem of epistemic justification. Standard approaches like explainability often fail, as they rely on a ”factive assumption” requiring access to a model’s internal mechanisms. This paper challenges this assumption, investigating an alternative foundation for justification.Materials and MethodsThis paper employs conceptual analysis, drawing on epistemology and explainable AI (xAI). We critique access-based justification via Gettier-style problems and synthesise Catherine Elgin’s non-factive theory of understanding with recent work on clinical AI. This involves analysing critiques of intelligibility (Fleisher, 2022) and the proposal for interactive Toy Surrogate Models (TSMs) (Páez, 2024).ResultsThe factive assumption sets an unattainable standard, leading to fragile, artefactual understanding. Treating post-hoc explainability tools as analogous to scientific idealisations is shown to be flawed. A non-factive account of understanding—the ability to ”grasp” and reason with model outputs via tools like TSMs—provides a more robust epistemic warrant. Justification is thus relocated from model fidelity to the clinician’s structured, counterfactual reasoning within norm-governed practices.ConclusionFactive standards of explainability are neither attainable nor necessary for justifying opaque clinical AI. A more philosophically sustainable approach grounds justification in non-factive, practice-based understanding. This framework reorients responsibility from the model to the clinician’s cognitive engagement, aligning the use of AI with existing professional norms for managing uncertainty.
Journal Article
Approach to an epistemological framework for business history
History is a human science that allows us to understand the foundations that trigger a present, as well as the establishment of the foundations for the construction of a future. In the case of business history, studies of this branch of history date back to the twenties of the twentieth century in the United States. As is tradition in the sciences, in the case of history, and, therefore, business history, different currents of thought have been developed that allow us to explain business phenomena; Thus, this article aims to interpret the epistemological paradigms that can guide scientific work in this field. In the bibliographic review of this article, scientific articles published in indexed and recognized journals, doctoral theses and books were used. Among the epistemological paradigms or currents of thought proposed in history are: the Marxist historical current, positivism, pragmatism, Chandlerian, Schumpeterian, cliometrics, the current of the annals, hermeneutics, social constructivism, post-structuralism, organizational ecology, phenomenology. Rhetoric is not included.
Journal Article
The Growing Block, the Epistemic Objection and Zombie Parrots
In this book symposium contribution, I raise a question about Correia and Rosenkranz’s version of the Growing Block Theory: Is it meant to be a Four-Dimensionalist theory (with a commitment to temporal parts), or a Three-Dimensionalist theory (according to which an object is wholly present whenever it is present)? I argue that a downside of giving the first answer to this question (that the theory is committed to temporal parts) is that in that case their theory will be vulnerable to the Epistemic Objection to the Growing Block Theory. I further argue that an important advantage of giving the second answer to my question (that the theory does not come with a commitment to temporal parts) is that the Three-Dimensionalist version of the Growing Block Theory is not susceptible to the Epistemic Objection. And I also suggest that an apparent disadvantage of saying that their theory is a Three-Dimensionalist theory, namely, that in that case they will have difficulty answering questions about the properties of non-present objects (such as parrots from the distant past), can be dealt with in a way that does not commit them to either zombie parrots or bare particulars.
Journal Article