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Background: The aim of the study was to compare the musculoskeletal system load assessed using the rapid office strain assessment (ROSA) and rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) methods in computer operators, and to determine the correlation of the obtained results with the occurrence and intensity of musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs) in these individuals. Material and Methods: In a group of 72 persons (38 women and 34 men) working with a computer for > 4 h/day, the ROSA and RULA methods were used to assess the load, while a questionnaire modeled on the Standardized Nordic Questionnary was used to assess the frequency and severity of MSCs. Results: Musculoskeletal complaints occurred in about 66% of the investigated women and 62% of the investigated men within the previous year. The results of the ROSA and RULA methods were not convergent. The final result of the ROSA method (scale 1-10 pts) was 2-6 pts (M = 3.51 [+ or -] 1.09), while the final result of the RULA method (scale 1-7 pts) ranged 2-4 pts (3.00 [+ or -] 0.17). The values of partial and final scores in the ROSA method were correlated with the number of concurrent ailments and intensity of complaints in various regions of the musculoskeletal system. The assessment of the position of particular parts of the body during work, performed using the RULA method, in people with or without MSCs was almost identical. Conclusions: The use of the ROSA method has shown that it is a useful and easy-to-use tool for assessing computer workstations and can be successfully disseminated. Key words: ergonomics, RULA, computer workstation, musculoskeletal load, musculoskeletal complaints, ROSA Wstep: Celem pracy bylo porownanie obciazenia ukladu miesniowo-szkieletowego ocenianego za pomoca metody szybkiej oceny obciazenia fizycznego na stanowiskach w pracy biurowej (rapid office strain assessment--ROSA) i metody szybkiej oceny obciazenia fizycznego ze szczegolnym uwzglcdnieniem konczyn gornych (rapid upper limb assessment--RULA) u operatorow komputerowych oraz okreslenie korelacji wynikow z wystepowaniem i nasileniem dolegliwosci miesniowo-szkieletowych (musculoskeletal complaints MSCs) u tych osob. Material i metody: W grupie 72 osob (38 kobiet i 34 mezczyzn) pracujacych przy komputerze > 4 godz./dobe do oceny obciazenia wykorzystano metody ROSA i RULA. Kwestionariusz wzorowany na Standardized Nordic Questionnary sluzyl do oceny czcstotliwosci i nasilenia MSCs. Wyniki: Dolegliwosci miesniowo-szkieletowe wystapily u ok. 66% kobiet i 62% mezczyzn badanych w ciagu ostatniego roku. Wyniki uzyskane za pomoca obu metod nie byly zbiezne. Koncowy wynik metody ROSA (skala 1-10 pkt) wynosil 26 pkt (M [+ or -] SD = 3,51 [+ or -] 1,09), a metody RULA (skala 1-7 pkt)--2-4 pkt (M [+ or -] SD = 3,00 [+ or -] 0,17). Wartosci ocen czastkowych i oceny koncowej w metodzie ROSA byly skorelowane z liczba jednoczesnie wystcpujacych dolegliwosci oraz nasilenia dolegliwosci w roznych okolicach ukladu miesniowo-szkieletowego. Ocena pozycji poszczegolnych czcsci ciala podczas pracy u osob z dolegliwosciami i bez nich, przeprowadzona za pomoca metody RULA, byla prawie identyczna. Wnioski: Wykazano, ze metoda ROSA jest uzytecznym i latwym w uzyciu narzedziem do oceny komputerowych stacji roboczych, ktorego stosowanie moze bye rozpowszechniane. Slowa kluczowe: ergonomia, RULA, stanowisko komputerowe, obciazenie ukladu miesniowo-szkieletowego, dolegliwosci ze strony ukladu miesniowo-szkieletowego, ROSA

Have you ever experienced the burden of an adverse event or a near-miss in healthcare and wished there was a way to mitigate it? This book walks you through a classic adverse event as a case study and shows you how. It is a practical guide to continuously improving your healthcare environment, processes, tools, and ultimate outcomes, through the discipline of human factors. Using this book, you as a healthcare professional can improve patient safety and quality of care. Adverse events are a major concern in healthcare today. As the complexity of healthcare increases-with technological advances and information overload-the field of human factors offers practical approaches to understand the situation, mitigate risk, and improve outcomes. The first part of this book presents a human factors conceptual framework, and the second part offers a systematic, pragmatic approach. Both the framework and the approach are employed to analyze and understand healthcare situations, both proactively-for constant improvement-and reactively-learning from adverse events. This book guides healthcare professionals through the process of mapping the environmental and human factors; assessing them in relation to the tasks each person performs; recognizing how gaps in the fit between human capabilities and the demands of the task in the environment have a ripple effect that increases risk; and drawing conclusions about what types of changes facilitate improvement and mitigate risk, thereby contributing to improved healthcare outcomes.

In the United States, health care devices, technologies, and practices are rapidly moving into the home. The factors driving this migration include the costs of health care, the growing numbers of older adults, the increasing prevalence of chronic conditions and diseases and improved survival rates for people with those conditions and diseases, and a wide range of technological innovations. The health care that results varies considerably in its safety, effectiveness, and efficiency, as well as in its quality and cost. Health Care Comes Home reviews the state of current knowledge and practice about many aspects of health care in residential settings and explores the short- and long-term effects of emerging trends and technologies. By evaluating existing systems, the book identifies design problems and imbalances between technological system demands and the capabilities of users. Health Care Comes Home recommends critical steps to improve health care in the home. The book's recommendations cover the regulation of health care technologies, proper training and preparation for people who provide in-home care, and how existing housing can be modified and new accessible housing can be better designed for residential health care. The book also identifies knowledge gaps in the field and how these can be addressed through research and development initiatives. Health Care Comes Home lays the foundation for the integration of human health factors with the design and implementation of home health care devices, technologies, and practices. The book describes ways in which the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and federal housing agencies can collaborate to improve the quality of health care at home. It is also a valuable resource for residential health care providers and caregivers.

Bilme eylemi noktasında belki de en çok kullanılan duyunun görme duyusu olduğu ifade edilebilir. Görsel olanla kurulan ilgi bu bilme eylemini içermektedir. Görsel olan ister bir gösterge, temsil ister bir sanat yapıtı olsun bireyle, izleyiciyle direkt bağlamlar oluşturur. Görsel bir sanat olan sinema içerisinde; mekân, karakter, kurgu, kıyafet, nesne vb. farklı tasarım noktaları barındıran bir organizasyon bütünlüğü sunar. Bu noktada tasarım öğeleri sinema eserinin gerçekliği oluşturan parametrelerine dönüşür. Bu çalışma tam olarak bu parametrelerden bir tanesi olan nesneyle kimlik ilişkisine odaklanmaktadır. Sinema eseri içerisinde kullanılan tasarlanmış nesnelerin salt olarak bir nesne olmaktan ötesini barındırdıkları fikri bu çalışmayı imkânlı kılmıştır. Eser sahibinin söylemek istediği bazı söylemlerin nesneler üzerinden anlamlandığı anlar tartışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu söylemler gösterge bilimsel analizle irdelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda ilgili düşüncenin araştırılması için John Ronald Reuel Tolkien’in Yüzüklerin Efendisi serisi çalışmanın temel araştırma alanını oluşturmakta, bu alan içerisinde özellikle kimlik ve karakterle ilişki kuran aynı zamanda beden ve kurguyla uzamlar oluşturan öğeler olarak savaş enstrümanları temel nesneler olarak ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın strüktürü; ilgili enstrümanların fonksiyonel, ergonomik, estetik vb. gibi tasarımsal ve sanatsal özelliklerinin kimlik ve karakterle bağdaştırılması aynı zamanda eser içerisindeki söylemlerinin keşfedilmesiyle oluşmaktadır. Sinema ve tasarım ara kesitinde var olan çalışma üretimle temsili, nesneyle kimliği, formla karakteri, olguyla hikâyeyi vb. buluşturan noktalara temas etmektedir. Sonuçta ilgili yapıtlarda var olan tasarlanmış nesnelerin birer kimlik anlatı aracı olduğu, hikâyede var olan bazı kaideleri doldurduğu ortaya konulmuş, sinema ve sinematografik anlatım içerisinde tasarım nesnesinin yeri ve pozisyonu keşfedilmeye çalışılmış, ürün-kimlik bağlamları oluşturulmuştur.

Updated from a popular earlier volume, this new compendium includes landmark papers from 1994 to 2013 that focus exclusively on lumbar injuries. The book also features an introductory chapter that provides an overview of the anatomy of the lumbar region, injury, and injury mechanisms, as well as an extensive literature update.