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Miscarriages of justice in Canada : causes, responses, remedies
\"Innocent people are regularly convicted of crimes they did not commit. A number of systemic factors have been found to contribute to wrongful convictions, including eyewitness misidentification, false confessions, informant testimony, official misconduct, and faulty forensic evidence. In Miscarriages of Justice in Canada, Kathryn M. Campbell offers an extensive overview of wrongful convictions, bringing together current sociological, criminological, and legal research, as well as current case-law examples. For the first time, information on all known and suspected cases of wrongful conviction in Canada is included and interspersed with discussions of how wrongful convictions happen, how existing remedies to rectify them are inadequate, and how those who have been victimized by these errors are rarely compensated. Campbell reveals that the causes of wrongful convictions are, in fact, avoidable, and that those in the criminal justice system must exercise greater vigilance and openness to the possibility of error if the problem of wrongful conviction is to be resolved.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Laboratory Guide to the Methods in Biochemical Genetics
This manual deals specifically with laboratory approaches to diagnosing inborn errors of metabolism. The key feature is that each chapter is sufficiently detailed so that any individual can adopt the described method into their own respective laboratory.
eBook
New Class of Quantum Error-Correcting Codes for a Bosonic Mode
We construct a new class of quantum error-correcting codes for a bosonic mode, which are advantageous for applications in quantum memories, communication, and scalable computation. These “binomial quantum codes” are formed from a finite superposition of Fock states weighted with binomial coefficients. The binomial codes can exactly correct errors that are polynomial up to a specific degree in bosonic creation and annihilation operators, including amplitude damping and displacement noise as well as boson addition and dephasing errors. For realistic continuous-time dissipative evolution, the codes can perform approximate quantum error correction to any given order in the time step between error detection measurements. We present an explicit approximate quantum error recovery operation based on projective measurements and unitary operations. The binomial codes are tailored for detecting boson loss and gain errors by means of measurements of the generalized number parity. We discuss optimization of the binomial codes and demonstrate that by relaxing the parity structure, codes with even lower unrecoverable error rates can be achieved. The binomial codes are related to existing two-mode bosonic codes, but offer the advantage of requiring only a single bosonic mode to correct amplitude damping as well as the ability to correct other errors. Our codes are similar in spirit to “cat codes” based on superpositions of the coherent states but offer several advantages such as smaller mean boson number, exact rather than approximate orthonormality of the code words, and an explicit unitary operation for repumping energy into the bosonic mode. The binomial quantum codes are realizable with current superconducting circuit technology, and they should prove useful in other quantum technologies, including bosonic quantum memories, photonic quantum communication, and optical-to-microwave up- and down-conversion.
Journal Article
Sensor data quality: a systematic review
Sensor data quality plays a vital role in Internet of Things (IoT) applications as they are rendered useless if the data quality is bad. This systematic review aims to provide an introduction and guide for researchers who are interested in quality-related issues of physical sensor data. The process and results of the systematic review are presented which aims to answer the following research questions: what are the different types of physical sensor data errors, how to quantify or detect those errors, how to correct them and what domains are the solutions in. Out of 6970 literatures obtained from three databases (ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore and ScienceDirect) using the search string refined via topic modelling, 57 publications were selected and examined. Results show that the different types of sensor data errors addressed by those papers are mostly missing data and faults e.g. outliers, bias and drift. The most common solutions for error detection are based on principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN) which accounts for about 40% of all error detection papers found in the study. Similarly, for fault correction, PCA and ANN are among the most common, along with Bayesian Networks. Missing values on the other hand, are mostly imputed using Association Rule Mining. Other techniques include hybrid solutions that combine several data science methods to detect and correct the errors. Through this systematic review, it is found that the methods proposed to solve physical sensor data errors cannot be directly compared due to the non-uniform evaluation process and the high use of non-publicly available datasets. Bayesian data analysis done on the 57 selected publications also suggests that publications using publicly available datasets for method evaluation have higher citation rates.
Journal Article
Dynamic error of CNC machine tools: a state-of-the-art review
The dynamic error of CNC machine tools, which often exceeds the quasi-static error at high-speed machining, becomes the main reason affecting the machining error of the sculptured surface parts. Although much research efforts have been dedicated to dynamic error, there is a lack of systematical summaries. In this review, firstly, the dynamic error is defined as the deviation of actual displacement of effector end of axis relative to reference displacement during feed motion. Secondly, according to the mechanical and control structure of the servo feed system, the dynamic error is divided into two components: dynamic error inside the servo loop (component 1) and dynamic error outside the servo loop (component 2). Based on the two components, the causes resulting in the dynamic error are analyzed from the points of view of the servo feed system itself and its input (setpoints). Thirdly, the basic strategies for reducing the dynamic error of individual axis, as well as for reducing the trajectory dynamic error by coordinating the dynamic error of individual axis, are summarized. Finally, the problems and future research directions on dynamic error are analyzed. It is concluded that resolving the contradiction between the setpoints and the servo feed system is still a great challenge for dynamic error in high-speed machining. To achieve high dynamic accuracy at high-speed machining, the control strategies on the dynamic error outside the servo loop should be further developed and integrated into dynamic error inside the servo loop-oriented control strategies. Meanwhile, the servo feed system itself and its input need to be investigated as a whole, so that the servo feed system of each axis can adapt to the differences and changes of the setpoints, and the differences in the servo dynamics of each axis can be considered in the setpoints.
Journal Article
The confession
Travis Boyette is a murderer. In 1998, in the small East Texas city of Sloan, he abducted, raped, and strangled a popular high-school cheerleader. He buried her body so that it would never be found, then watched and waited as police and prosecutors arrested Donte Drumm, a local football star with no connection to the crime. Tried, convicted and sentenced, Drumm was sent to death row: his fate had been decided. Nine years later, Donte Drumm is four days from executions. Over 400 miles away in Kansas, Travis faces a fate of his own: an inoperable brain tumour will soon deliver the end. Reflecting on his miserable life, he decides to do what's right. After year of silence he ist ready to confess. But how can a guilty man convince lawyers, judges and politicians that they're about to execute an innocent man?
Book
Lower complexity error location detection block of adjacent error correcting decoder for SRAMs
Multiple cell upsets (MCUs) caused by radiation is an important issue related to the reliability of embedded static random access memories (SRAMs). Multiple random and adjacent error correcting codes have been extensively employed for several years to protect stored data in SRAMs against MCUs. A compact and fast error correcting codec is desirable in most of these applications. In this study, simplified expressions for error location detection (ELD) block for single error correction‐double error detection‐double adjacent error correction (SEC‐DED‐DAEC) and single error correction‐double error detection‐triple adjacent error correction (SEC‐DED‐TAEC) decoders have been obtained by employing Karnaugh map. The conventional SEC‐DED‐DAEC and SEC‐DED‐TAEC decoders have been designed and implemented in both field‐programmable gate array and ASIC platforms by considering these simplified ELD expressions. In FPGA platform, the proposed design for SEC‐DED‐DAEC and SEC‐DED‐TAEC decoders require 1.37–28.40% improvement in area and maximum 14.74% improvement in delay compared to existing designs. Whereas ASIC‐based designs provide 2.20–26.81% reduction in area and 0.30–28.96% reduction in delay compared to existing related works. So the proposed design can be considered as an efficient alternative of traditional adjacent error correcting decoders in resource constraint applications.
Journal Article