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"ethnic conflict"
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Ethnonationalist Conflict in Postcommunist States
Ethnonationalist Conflict in Postcommunist States investigates why some Eastern European states transitioned to new forms of governance with minimal violence while others broke into civil war. In Bulgaria, the Turkish minority was subjected to coerced assimilation and forced expulsion, but the nation ultimately negotiated peace through institutional channels. In Macedonia, periodic outbreaks of insurgent violence escalated to armed conflict. Kosovo's internal warfare culminated in NATO's controversial bombing campaign. In the twenty-first century, these conflicts were subdued, but violence continued to flare occasionally and impede durable conflict resolution.In this comparative study, Maria Koinova applies historical institutionalism to conflict analysis, tracing ethnonationalist violence in postcommunist states to a volatile, formative period between 1987 and 1992. In this era of instability, the incidents that brought majorities and minorities into dispute had a profound impact and a cumulative effect, as did the interventions of international agents and kin states. Whether the conflicts initially evolved in peaceful or violent ways, the dynamics of their disputes became self-perpetuating and informally institutionalized. Thus, external policies or interventions could affect only minimal change, and the impact of international agents subsided over time. Regardless of the constitutions, laws, and injunctions, majorities, minorities, international agents, and kin states continue to act in accord with the logic of informally institutionalized conflict dynamics.Koinova analyzes the development of those dynamics in Bulgaria, Macedonia, and Kosovo, drawing on theories of democratization, international intervention, and path-dependence as well as interviews and extensive fieldwork. The result is a compelling account of the underlying causal mechanisms of conflict perpetuation and change that will shed light on broader patterns of ethnic violence.
eBook
Fragmented Fatherland
1945 to 1980 marks an extensive period of mass migration of students, refugees, ex-soldiers, and workers from an extraordinarily wide range of countries to West Germany. Turkish, Kurdish, and Italian groups have been studied extensively, and while this book uses these groups as points of comparison, it focuses on ethnic communities of varying social structures—from Spain, Iran, Ukraine, Greece, Croatia, and Algeria—and examines the interaction between immigrant networks and West German state institutions as well as the ways in which patterns of cooperation and conflict differ. This study demonstrates how the social consequences of mass immigration became intertwined with the ideological battles of Cold War Germany and how the political life and popular movements within these immigrant communities played a crucial role in shaping West German society.
eBook
Federalism and ethnic conflict regulation in India and Pakistan
Katharine Adeney demonstrates that institutional design is the most important explanatory variable in understanding the different intensity and types of conflict in the two countries rather than the role of religion. Adeney examines the extent to which previous constitutional choices explain current day conflicts.
eBook
Return to Point Zero
How did the Turkish-Kurdish Conflict arise? Why have Turks and
Kurds failed for so long to solve it? How can they solve it today?
How can social scientists better analyze this and other protracted
conflicts and propose better prescriptions for sustainable peace?
Return to Point Zero develops a novel framework for
analyzing the historical-structural and contemporary causes of
ethnic-national conflicts, highlighting an understudied dimension:
politics. Murat Somer argues that intramajority group politics
rather than majority-minority differences better explains
ethnic-national conflicts. Hence, the political-ideological
divisions among Turks are the key to understanding the
Turkish-Kurdish Conflict; though it was nationalism that produced
the Kurdish Question during late-Ottoman imperial
modernization, political elite decisions by the Turks created the
Kurdish Conflict during the postimperial nation-state
building. Today, ideational rigidities reinforce the conflict.
Analyzing this conflict from \"premodern\" times to today, Somer
emphasizes two distinct periods: the formative era of 1918-1926 and
the post-2011 reformative period. Somer argues that during the
formative era, political elites inadequately addressed three
fundamental dilemmas of security, identity, and cooperation and
includes a discussion of how the legacy of those political elite
decisions impacted and framed peace attempts that have failed in
the 1990s and 2010s. Return to Point Zero develops new
concepts to analyze conflicts and concrete conflict-resolution
proposals.
eBook
Ethnic conflict and protest in Tibet and Xinjiang : unrest in China's West
\"A comprehensive study of ethnic unrest in China's borderlands\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
The trouble with the Congo : local violence and the failure of international peacebuilding
The Trouble with the Congo suggests a new explanation for international peacebuilding failures in civil wars. Local rivalries motivated widespread violence during the Congolese transition from war to peace. However, a dominant peacebuilding culture shaped the intervention strategy in a way that precluded action on local conflicts.
eBook