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Electromagnetic interference is a serious and increasing form of environmental pollution, creating many issues in the areas of health care and industrial manufacturing. The performance of high-precision measurement equipment used in health care and the manufacturing industry is sensitive to electromagnetic interference. However, extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELFMF), with a frequency range from 3 to 30 Hz, generated by high-power lines have become the main interference source in high-tech foundries. This paper presents a magnetic cancelling system that works by combining active cancelling technology and passive cancelling technology to reduce the ELFMF around high-precision measurement equipment. The simulation and experimental results show the validity and feasibility of the proposed system.

Aging is a risk factor for various human disorders, including cancer. Current literature advocates that the primary principles of aging depend on the endogenous stress‐induced DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species 50 Hz low‐frequency magnetic field was suggested to induce DNA damage and chromosomal instability. NF‐kB, activated by DNA damage, is upregulated in age‐related cancers and inhibition of NF‐kB results in aging‐related delayed pathologies. Metformin (Met), an NF‐kB inhibitor, significantly reduces both NF‐kB activation and expression in aging and cancer. This in vitro study, therefore, was set out to assess the effects of 5mT MF in 50 Hz frequency and Met treatment on the viability and proliferation of aged mouse NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and expression of RELA/p65, matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9, and E‐cadherin (CDH1) genes. The trypan blue exclusion assay was used to determine cell viability and the BrdU incorporation assay to determine cell proliferation. The MMP‐2/9 protein analysis was carried out by immunocytochemistry, NF‐kB activity by ELISA and the expressions of targeted genes by qRT–PCR methods. Four doses of Met (500 uM, 1 mM, 2 mM and 10 mM) suppressed both the proliferation and viability of fibroblasts exposed to the MF in a dose‐dependent pattern, and the peak inhibition was recorded at the 10 mM dose. Met reduced the expression of NF‐kB, and MMP2/9, elevated CDH1 expression and suppressed NF‐kB activity. These findings suggest that Met treatment suppresses the carcinogenic potential of 50 Hz MFs in aged mouse fibroblasts, possibly through modulation of NF‐kB activation and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition modulation.

Background and Aims Today, human beings are exposed to the ELF magnetic field of electrical equipment and power lines, which can damage Leydig cells and alter the secretion of reproductive hormones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between exposure to ELF magnetic field and the level of some reproductive hormones in male power plant workers. Materials and Methods The present cross‐sectional study was carried out among all male employees of different units of the selected power plant around Tehran, Iran. All participants were asked to complete demographic data sheets and General Health questionnaire, on condition of consent and meeting the inclusion criteria. Time‐weighted average (TWA) exposure to magnetic field of 122 men was measured by IEEE Std C95.3.1 method using TES 1393 Gauss meter. Based on the exposure level, subjects were divided into three groups. Serum Levels of Free Testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in participants were determined. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA, Kruskal‐Wallis tests, and the relationships between variables were assessed by linear regression and correlation using SPSS v.25 software. Results There was no significant statistical correlation between the level of ELF exposure and serum levels of free testosterone, LH, and FSH, (r = 0.158). Serum levels of LH decreased significantly with age and duration of work experience (P < .05, r = −.25, P = .005, r = −.203, P = .025). Conclusion There was no relationship between exposure to magnetic field in power plants and reproductive hormone levels, although it is impossible to make definitive comments without using more accurate methods to estimate male fertility.

Objectives In the study, we examined the effects of ketamine and extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMF) on depression‐like behavior, learning and memory, expression of GFAP, caspase‐3, p53, BDNF, and NMDA receptor in animals subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). Methods After applying 21 days of chronic unpredictable stress, male rats received intraperitoneal (IP) of ketamine (5 mg/kg) and then were exposed to ELF‐EMF (10‐Hz, 10‐mT exposure conditions) for 3 days (3 h per day) and behavioral assessments were performed 24 h after the treatments. Instantly after the last behavioral test, the brain was extracted for Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, and real‐time PCR analyses. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to assess the effect of ketamine and ELF‐EMF on the expression of astrocyte marker (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) in the CA1 area of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Also, real‐time PCR analyses were used to investigate the impacts of the combination of ketamine and ELF‐EMF on the expression of caspase3, p53, BDNF, and NMDA receptors in the hippocampus in rats submitted to the CUS procedure. Results were considered statistically significant when p < .05. Results Our results revealed that the combination of ketamine and ELF‐EMF increased depression‐like behavior, increased degenerated neurons and decreased the number of GFAP (+) cells in the CA1 area and mPFC, incremented the expression of caspase‐3, and reduced the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus but showed no effect on the expression of p53 and NMDA‐R. Conclusions These results reveal that combining ketamine and ELF‐EMF has adverse effects on animals under chronic unpredictable stress (CUS).

The inhibitory effects of magnetic fields (MFs) on tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo have been reported in previous studies. However, the effects of MFs in the treatment of cancer have not been described in clinical trials. We investigated the effects of 420 r/min, 0.4-T extremely low-frequency MFs (ELF-MFs) on the survival and palliation of general symptoms in 13 advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Toxicity and side-effects were assessed according to WHO criteria. The treatment area included the primary tumor site, metastatic sites and metastatic lymph nodes. Additionally, the patients were treated 2 h per day, 5 days per week for 6-10 weeks. The changes in general symptoms were analyzed during ELF-MF treatment and 2 weeks after the completion of therapy. Results of physical examination, routine analysis of blood, ECG and liver function, biochemical and kidney function tests were evaluated before and following treatment. All 13 patients were followed up by outpatient service or telephone interview. Our results demonstrated that decreased pleural effusion, remission of shortness of breath, relief of cancer pain, increased appetite, improved physical strength, regular bowel movement and better sleep quality was detected in 2 (15.4%), 5 (38.5%), 5 (38.5%), 6 (46.2%), 9 (69.2%), 1 (7.7%) and 2 (15.4%) patients, respectively. However, the palliation of symptoms in 2 (15.4%) patients was observed during therapy and disappeared at treatment termination. No severe toxicity or side-effects were detected in our trial. The median survival was 6.0 months (95% CI, 1.0-11.0). The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 31.7 and 15.9%, respectively. This study is the first to describe survival and palliation of general symptoms in advanced NSCLC patients treated with ELF-MFs. As an effective, well-tolerated and safe treatment choice, ELF-MFs may prolong survival and improve general symptoms of advanced NSCLC patients. However, this treatment strategy requires further research.

Humans are exposed to environmental 60 Hz magnetic fields (MFs), inducing in our body electric fields (EFs) and currents, potentially stimulating the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Uncertainties exist regarding the 60 Hz MF PNS stimulation threshold. The spatially extended nonlinear node model (SENN) is used to help define international MF exposure guidelines and standards protecting workers and the general public. However, other models exist, particularly the McIntyre–Richardson–Grill (MRG) model, the new gold standard for electrostimulation. This study aims (1) to model a new extremely low frequency MF exposure system for the human leg and (2) to investigate the in situ EFs generated by the system at 60 Hz at the skin level and in the nerves of the leg using a realistic human body model with both the SENN and the MRG models. A Helmholtz like-coil system was designed to generate in situ EFs sufficient for nerve stimulation, modeled using Biot–Savart and Faraday laws. Sim4Life simulations assessed the induced EFs at skin and nerve levels using a detailed human body model and two nerve excitation frameworks: the SENN and MRG models. High EF intensities were observed in four sensory and sensory-motor nerves, with MRG-derived thresholds lower than SENN-derived thresholds. Results also highlight the significance of nerve orientation in EF induction. This study emphasizes the critical role of comprehensive modeling for the design and validation of MF exposure systems and underscores the need for experimental data to refine models, standards, and guidelines.

Magnetic fields are a constant and essential part of our environment. The main components of ambient magnetic fields are the constant part of the geomagnetic field, its fluctuations caused by magnetic storms, and man-made magnetic fields. These fields refer to extremely-low-frequency (<1 kHz) magnetic fields (ELF-MFs). Since the 1980s, a huge amount of data has been accumulated on the biological effects of magnetic fields, in particular ELF-MFs. However, a unified picture of the patterns of action of magnetic fields has not been formed. Even though a unified mechanism has not yet been generally accepted, several theories have been proposed. In this review, we attempted to take a new approach to analyzing the quantitative data on the effects of ELF-MFs to identify new potential areas for research. This review provides general descriptions of the main effects of magnetic storms and anthropogenic fields on living organisms (molecular–cellular level and whole organism) and a brief description of the main mechanisms of magnetic field effects on living organisms. This review may be of interest to specialists in the fields of biology, physics, medicine, and other interdisciplinary areas.

Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) are ubiquitously present in various environments of everyday life. While surveys from the World Health Organization (WHO) have not demonstrated the existence of ELF-MF-induced harmful consequences in healthy subjects, whether older adults are more vulnerable to the effects of residential and occupational ELF-MF exposure, and therefore may be at risk, remains unsettled. Here, we explored this potential health issue by investigating, in aged mice, the effects of chronic exposure to ELF-MFs (50 Hz ELF-MF at 1 mT for 8 h/day, 5 days/week for 12 consecutive weeks) on cognitive functions and expression profile of brain markers typically associated with aggravated aging or the development of Alzheimer`s disease (AD). Sham-exposed mice showed a significant age-related decline in spatial memory functions compared to young adult mice. However, this expected pattern was neither exacerbated nor counteracted by chronic exposure to ELF-MFs. No difference in hippocampal expression of APP-695, Aβ (1−42) , S100b and GFAP proteins or in the pTau/Tau ratio was observed between sham- and ELF-MF-exposed aged mice, suggesting that chronic exposure to ELF-MFs does not aggravate aging and associated neuroinflammation, or promote pathological pathways involved in the initiation of AD. Because care should be taken in extrapolating these results to older adults with various comorbidities, applying current exposure limits to existing or new sensitive ELF-MF locations is recommended.

Aquatic ecosystems are increasingly affected by anthropogenic pollution, including heavy metals like mercury, which accumulate in organisms and cause harmful effects. At the same time, human activities such as industrial operations and the use of electric power lines also alter the magnetic background in natural water bodies. However, the interaction between mercury exposure and magnetic fields remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of mercury and magnetic fields on the digestive enzyme activity of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), focusing on the relevance of magnetic fields due to their increasing presence in industrialized environments. Two groups of fish were fed diets with low (0.02 mg/kg) or high (0.27 mg/kg) mercury content for 6 months and exposed to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields or hypomagnetic conditions. Results showed significant differences in mercury accumulation between groups, with higher levels in carps fed with high-mercury content diets. These fish also exhibited increased body length and weight compared to those on a low-mercury diet. The amylolytic activity (total activity of enzymes hydrolyzing starch: α-amylase, glucoamylase, and maltase) and proteolytic activity (total activity of serine proteinases) in the fish intestine were assessed. Magnetic exposure had contrasting effects on enzyme activity, depending on mercury levels in the diet. Fish fed the low-mercury diet exhibited decreased amylolytic activity following magnetic field exposure, while fish on the high-mercury diet showed increased activity. Proteolytic activity followed a similar pattern, with opposite effects observed between the two dietary groups. These findings suggest that mercury accumulation alters the biological response to magnetic fields, possibly through compensatory biochemical mechanisms. Understanding the interactions between toxic substances and magnetic fields is critical for improving environmental risk assessments.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ubiquitously exist in mammalian cells to participate in various cellular signaling pathways. The intracellular ROS levels are dependent on the dynamic balance between ROS generation and elimination. In this review, we summarize reported studies about the influences of magnetic fields (MFs) on ROS levels. Although in most cases, MFs increased ROS levels in human, mouse, rat cells, and tissues, there are also studies showing that ROS levels were decreased or not affected by MFs. Multiple factors could cause these discrepancies, including but not limited to MF type/intensity/frequency, exposure time and assay time-point, as well as different biological samples examined. It will be necessary to investigate the influences of different MFs on ROS in various biological samples systematically and mechanistically, which will be helpful for people to get a more complete understanding about MF-induced biological effects. In addition, reviewing the roles of MFs in ROS modulation may open up new scenarios of MF application, which could be further and more widely adopted into clinical applications, particularly in diseases that ROS have documented pathophysiological roles.