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"fabrication process"
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Breaking Barriers: Innovative Fabrication Processes for Nanostructured Materials and Nano Devices
This study explores the world of nanostructured materials and new production procedures, revealing how they interact to break down obstacles in materials research. We uncover the confluence between theoretical goals and actual reality by investigating manufacturing processes. The study links manufacturing processes to material characteristics, establishing the groundwork for informed applications in electronics, photonics, sensors, and biology. The empirical journey illuminates problems and opportunities, prompting joint efforts to push these frontiers forward. This article is a testimony to nanostructured materials' transformational potential, challenging researchers and dreamers to redefine technological landscapes by using their unique features and inventive production.
Journal Article
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)-Reinforced Magnesium-Based Matrix Composites: A Comprehensive Review
In recent years considerable attention has been attracted to magnesium because of its light weight, high specific strength, and ease of recycling. Because of the growing demand for lightweight materials in aerospace, medical and automotive industries, magnesium-based metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) reinforced with ceramic nanometer-sized particles, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were developed. CNTs have excellent material characteristics like low density, high tensile strength, high ratio of surface-to-volume, and high thermal conductivity that makes them attractive to use as reinforcements to fabricate high-performance, and high-strength metal-matrix composites (MMCs). Reinforcing magnesium (Mg) using small amounts of CNTs can improve the mechanical and physical properties in the fabricated lightweight and high-performance nanocomposite. Nevertheless, the incorporation of CNTs into a Mg-based matrix faces some challenges, and a uniform distribution is dependent on the parameters of the fabricating process. The characteristics of a CNTs reinforced composite are related to the uniform distribution, weight percent, and length of the CNTs, as well as the interfacial bonding and alignment between CNTs reinforcement and the Mg-based matrix. In this review article, the recent findings in the fabricating methods, characterization of the composite’s properties, and application of Mg-based composites reinforced with CNTs are studied. These include the strategies of fabricating CNT-reinforced Mg-based composites, mechanical responses, and corrosion behaviors. The present review aims to investigate and conclude the most relevant studies conducted in the field of Mg/CNTs composites. Strategies to conquer complicated challenges are suggested and potential fields of Mg/CNTs composites as upcoming structural material regarding functional requirements in aerospace, medical and automotive industries are particularly presented.
Journal Article
Recent progress in silicone foams and nanocomposites: From versatile fabrication strategies to multiple emerging applications
Silicone foam materials have attracted considerable interest in both academic and industrial fields owing to their non-petroleum source, wide temperature flexibility, chemical resistance, environmental stability, and electrical insulation. A recent increasing trend is to develop multifunctional silicone polymer foams and their composite materials for multiple emerging applications. However, an incisive and comparative overview of such an advanced silicone foam system is still lacking. This review reports a detailed summary of recent research progress on advanced silicone polymer foam composites for emerging applications. Besides, this review will systematically review and discuss various fabrication strategies, including physical templating, chemical foaming, and mixed foaming methods, and their structural features. Subsequently, physical and chemical properties of density, hydrophobicity, electrical conductivity, and flame retardancy, as well as mechanical properties, are compared and analyzed to better understand their structure-property interrelationships. Finally, the foams’ emerging applications based on evaluating some typical examples are also discussed. Overall, this review illustrates that silicone polymer foam composites are promising as one of the next-generation advanced polymer foam composite materials with a cost-effective fabrication process, superior hydrophobicity, environmental reliability, and new functionalities.
Journal Article
Fabrication processes for all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells
All-inorganic perovskite solar cells have shown great potential owing to their superior stability against thermal stress and moisture compared to organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells. However, there are some remaining issues in the all-inorganic perovskite solar cell fabrication process, such as the low solubility of the perovskite precursors and the occurrence of the secondary phases. In this review, we focus on all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells and categorize them based on their fabrication process. Various processes and strategies that have been developed to solve the aforementioned issues including the general process of multistep spin coating are thoroughly investigated. Finally, a summary of the various processes for the all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells and an outlook for the development of highly efficient all-inorganic perovskite solar cells are proposed.
Journal Article
Advancements and Prospects of pH-Responsive Hydrogels in Biomedicine
As an intelligent polymer material, pH-sensitive hydrogels exhibit the capability to dynamically sense alterations in ambient pH levels and subsequently initiate corresponding physical or chemical responses, including swelling, contraction, degradation, or ion exchange. Given the significant pH variations inherent in human pathophysiological microenvironments, particularly in tumor tissues, inflammatory lesions, and the gastrointestinal system, these smart materials demonstrate remarkable application potential across diverse domains such as targeted drug delivery systems, regenerative medicine engineering, biosensing, and disease diagnostics. Recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology and precision medicine have substantially propelled advancements in the design and application of pH-responsive hydrogels. This review systematically elaborates on the current research progress and future challenges regarding pH-responsive hydrogels in biomedical applications, with particular emphasis on their stimulus–response mechanisms, fabrication methodologies, multifunctional integration strategies, and application scenarios.
Journal Article
Technology of High-k/Metal-Gate Stack
The High-k/Metal-Gate Stack (HKMG) technology represents a seminal advancement in semiconductor fabrication, predicated upon the substitution of SiO2 with high-k dielectric materials, coupled with the integration of metal gate materials. This technological paradigm shift has emerged as a transformative response to the intricate challenges encountered within the semiconductor industry, a sector perpetually engaged in the relentless pursuit of diminishing the critical dimensions of semiconductor devices. Issues such as increased power leakage, enhanced parasitic capacitance, and the escalating complexity of gate insulators have impeded the sustainable downscaling of traditional silicon dioxide-based devices. These challenges have necessitated a comprehensive re-evaluation of the materials and processes involved in semiconductor manufacturing, leading to the conception and evolution of the HKMG technology. This article’s analysis of the developmental trajectory of HKMG technology reveals a progression marked by the systematic exploration of alternative high-k dielectric materials, rigorous compatibility assessments with metal gate materials, and the concurrent refinement of manufacturing processes to ensure seamless integration. After that, elucidating the impediments encountered during its evolution and expounding upon the corresponding ameliorative measures instituted. Looking ahead, ongoing research focusing on the synthesis of advanced high-k dielectric materials, and the development of novel metal gate materials with superior compatibility to further enhance device performance and functionality makes HKMG technology a huge prospect. Such advancements are paving the way for the realization of more powerful, energy-efficient, and compact electronic devices.
Journal Article
Design of a High Sensitivity Pirani Gauge Based on Vanadium Oxide Film for High Vacuum Measurement
We have designed a hot-plate-type micro-Pirani vacuum gauge with a simple structure and compatibility with conventional semiconductor fabrication processes. In the Pirani gauge, we used a vanadium oxide (VOx) membrane as the thermosensitive component, taking advantage of the high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of VOx. The TCR value of VOx is −2%K−1∼−3%K−1, an order of magnitude higher than those of other thermal-sensitive materials, such as platinum and titanium (0.3%K−1∼0.4%K−1). On one hand, we used the high TCR of VOx to increase the Pirani sensitivity. On the other hand, we optimized the floating structure to decrease the thermal conductivity so that the detecting range of the Pirani gauge was extended on the low-pressure end. We carried out simulation experiments on the thermal zone of the Pirani gauge, the width of the cantilever beam, the material and thickness of the supporting layer, the thickness of the thermal layer (VOx), the depth of the cavity, and the shape and size. Finally, we decided on the basic size of the Pirani gauge. The prepared Pirani gauge has a thermal sensitive area of 130 × 130 μm2, with a cantilever width of 13 μm, cavity depth of 5 μm, supporting layer thickness of 300 nm, and VOx layer thickness of 110 nm. It has a dynamic range of 10−1~104 Pa and a sensitivity of 1.23 V/lgPa. The VOx Pirani was designed using a structure and fabrication process compatible with a VOx-based uncooled infrared microbolometer so that it can be integrated by wafer level. This work contains only our MEMS Pirani gauge device design, preparation process design, and readout circuit design, while the characterization and relevant experimental results will be reported in the future.
Journal Article
Three-Dimensional Printing Constructs Based on the Chitosan for Tissue Regeneration: State of the Art, Developing Directions and Prospect Trends
Chitosan (CS) has gained particular attention in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, antibacterial feature, and biodegradability. Hence, many studies have focused on the manufacturing of CS films, scaffolds, particulate, and inks via different production methods. Nowadays, with the possibility of the precise adjustment of porosity size and shape, fiber size, suitable interconnectivity of pores, and creation of patient-specific constructs, 3D printing has overcome the limitations of many traditional manufacturing methods. Therefore, the fabrication of 3D printed CS scaffolds can lead to promising advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. A review of additive manufacturing types, CS-based printed constructs, their usages as biomaterials, advantages, and drawbacks can open doors to optimize CS-based constructions for biomedical applications. The latest technological issues and upcoming capabilities of 3D printing with CS-based biopolymers for different applications are also discussed. This review article will act as a roadmap aiming to investigate chitosan as a new feedstock concerning various 3D printing approaches which may be employed in biomedical fields. In fact, the combination of 3D printing and CS-based biopolymers is extremely appealing particularly with regard to certain clinical purposes. Complications of 3D printing coupled with the challenges associated with materials should be recognized to help make this method feasible for wider clinical requirements. This strategy is currently gaining substantial attention in terms of several industrial biomedical products. In this review, the key 3D printing approaches along with revealing historical background are initially presented, and ultimately, the applications of different 3D printing techniques for fabricating chitosan constructs will be discussed. The recognition of essential complications and technical problems related to numerous 3D printing techniques and CS-based biopolymer choices according to clinical requirements is crucial. A comprehensive investigation will be required to encounter those challenges and to completely understand the possibilities of 3D printing in the foreseeable future.
Journal Article
Computational and experimental studies on the structural aspects of flexure bearing of linear motor compressor
Stirling cryocoolers and Stirling-type pulse tube cryocoolers offer several benefits such as compact size and reliable operation for longer durations and hence are widely adopted to meet cryogenic cooling requirements for space applications. A linear motor compressor generates an oscillating pressure pulse for the cold end of these cryocoolers. Introducing a flexure as a suspension system for the linear motor compressor tends to enhance the performance of the cryocoolers, making them more durable, more reliable, and lighter. In this paper, a computational investigation is performed to identify the effects of major geometrical factors such as diameter of the flexure, dimensions of spiral slots, and shape of the spiral arms on the performance parameters of the flexure. Simultaneous effects of output on input factors have been investigated using response surface methodology. Regression equations are developed to illustrate the functional relationship between outputs and inputs and are optimized using the desirability algorithm. It has been observed that among the geometric parameters, diameter and thickness of the flexure have a higher level of influence on flexure performance than the remaining parameters. In addition, an experimental investigation is conducted to validate the computational results. Furthermore, challenges in the fabrication of flexures are discussed.
Journal Article