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Different childhood experiences may affect adult health differently. To explore the association of different types of positive childhood experiences(PCEs) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with risky behaviours and mental health indicators, andhow PCEs and ACEs are associated with health outcomes in the context of each other. This was an exploratory cross-sectional online survey including 332 university students in Hong Kong. ACEs (abuse and household challenges), PCEs (perceived safety, positive quality of life, and interpersonal support), risky behaviours (smoking, binge drinking, and sexual initiation), and mental health indicators(depression, anxiety, loneliness, self-rated health, multimorbidity, meaning in life, and life satisfaction)were measured. The multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated cumulative effects of PCEs in lowered risks of depression, anxiety, loneliness, as well as better self-rated health, life satisfaction, and meaning in life (p < .05), after adjusting for ACEs. Results also indicated that ACEs had an increasing relationship with poorer mental health indicators, such as anxiety, loneliness, and life satisfaction (p < .05), after adjusting for PCEs. There was also an adverse association between having ≥4 ACEs with smoking and binge drinking. In addition, each type of PCE and ACE was significantly associated with one or more risky behaviours and mental health indicators. Stratified results showed that PCEs had stronger associations with mental health indicators in participants with fewer ACEs. Furthermore, ACEs had stronger associations with mental health indicators in participants with more PCEs than in those with fewer PCEs. In this study, PCE was proven to be an independent protective factor against poor mental health after accounting for ACE. ACE was also proven to be an independent risk factor for poor mental health and risky behaviours. These findings suggest a crucial need for the active promotion of PCEs and the prevention of child maltreatment. The results of subtypes and stratifications can be taken into consideration when developing targeted interventions in the future. PCE is an independent protective factor against poor mental health after accounting for ACE. ACE is an independent risk factor for poor mental health and risky behaviours. PCEs and ACEs have different associations with health outcomes in the context of one another.

In winemaking, a large amount of grape pomace is produced that is rich in polyphenolics and highly beneficial for human health, as phenols are useful for skin ultraviolet (UV) protection. In this investigation, we evaluated the safety and clinical efficacy of a sunscreen system containing a grape pomace extract from Vitis vinifera L. as a bioactive ingredient. The recovery of phenolics in the waste was performed by percolation. Nine emulsions were developed using a factorial design and two were evaluated clinically: Formulation E, containing only UV filters (butylmethoxydibenzoyl methane, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA), and F, with the extract at 10.0% w/w + UV filters. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH assay and the in vitro efficacy was established by sun protection factor (SPF) measurements (Labsphere UV-2000S). Clinical tests were performed to determine safety (human repeated insult patch test) and to confirm efficacy (photoprotective effectiveness in participants). The results showed a synergistic effect between the sunscreen system and the extract on UVB protection and antioxidant activity. Both samples were considered safe. Formulation F was 20.59% more efficient in protecting skin against UVB radiation, taking approximately 21% more time to induce erythema compared to the extract-free sample.

Aim: We evaluated the effects of the incorporation of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in a mesoporous matrix, aiming to improve the textural, structural and morphological properties and verify their safety so that they can be applied in sunscreen cosmetics. Materials and Methods: ZnO nano­particles were incorporated into an ordered mesoporous silica matrix known as Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15), using post-synthesis methodology. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffraction, small angle X-ray scattering, N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and predicted in vitro sun protector factor (SPF) estimation. Effectiveness and safety were evaluated by antimicrobial activity, in vitro cell toxicity and non-invasive multi-photon tomography with fluorescence lifetime imaging. Results: The structure of the nanocomposites was similar to that of SBA-15, with little perturbation caused by ZnO incorporation. Nanocomposites had an increased in vitro SPF, reduced cytotoxic activity and favourable antimicrobial properties compared to ZnO. ZnO:SBA-15 nanocomposites exhibited no measurable toxicity when applied to human skin in vivo. Conclusion: Due to their suitable physicochemical properties and improved safety compared to bare ZnO nanoparticles, the ZnO:SBA-15 nanocomposites show promise for use in cosmetic applications.

The genus Nothofagus is one of the most abundant in the subantarctic Patagonian forests. Five species inhabit these ecosystems, three evergreen (Nothofagus betuloides, Nothofagus dombeyi, and Nothofagus nitida) and two deciduous (Nothofagus pumilio and Nothofagus antarctica). This is the first report on the levels of secondary metabolites and the antioxidant capacity of Patagonian tree species growing in natural environments. The aim of this work was to carry out a phytochemical screening, to determine the antioxidant capacity, the sun protection factor, and the α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of foliar extracts of the five previous species. Besides, Aristotelia chilensis and Berberis microphylla, two species of Patagonian shrubs growing in the same forests, were used as reference. N. dombeyi was the Nothofagus with the best antioxidant capacity. B. microphylla differed from all studied species. Moreover, the Nothofagus was split into two groups. N. betuloides and N. dombeyi are the most similar species to A. chilensis. The α-glucosidase was completely inhibited by all studied extracts. Furthermore, N. antarctica, N.pumilio, and N. nitida inhibited about 70% of the tyrosinase activity. All the results found in this study for the species of the genus Nothofagus support further research on their potential beneficial properties for human health.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar, desde el paradigma de usos y gratificaciones, el uso que los estudiantes universitarios españoles (N = 221) hacen de la red social Tuenti, y en qué medida estos usos se asocian con sus niveles de adicción a dicha red social. Además se analizó el papel que los progenitores tienen como facilitadores o inhibidores de dichas tendencias adictivas y el impacto del género. Los resultados muestran cuatro categorías de usos de la red Tuenti: entretenimiento, comunicación a través del muro, comunicación a nivel privado e información social. Además, la actitud positiva hacia la presencia de la madre en la red Tuenti se muestra como un factor de protección de las tendencias adictivas a la red. Por último, se han encontrado diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función del género, tanto en los usos que realizan chicos y chicas, como en sus patrones de adicción a la red Tuenti, de tal manera que los chicos informan de niveles de adicción superiores a los informados por las chicas en el uso de esta red social.

Para 1990 los profesores Mayer y Salovey plantean por primera vez un nuevo concepto que revolucionaria la psicologia, en especial los teoricos de la inteligencia, la \\inteligencia emocional. (IE). Hoy en dia se considera como un constructo relativamente nuevo, interesante, pero a la vez muy cuestionado, sin embargo, en los ultimos tiempos los diversos estudios han realizado importantes contribuciones a las distintas areas de la psicologia, de forma especial: la organizacional y educativa, algunos ya han incursionado en la clinica haciendo evidente la importancia de la IE para el desarrollo humano, la salud y la calidad de vida. Esta revision considera la relevancia estadistica del suicidio en poblaciones cada vez mas jovenes, la relacion entre los factores de riesgo suicida y la IE afectada, de modo que estima su importancia al ser un elemento que puede llegar a prevenir las conductas suicidas (ideacion, intento, suicidio consumado) en los adolescentes. For 1990 professors Mayer and Salovey raised for the first time a new concept that revolutionary psychology, in particular theorists of intelligence, \"emotional intelligence\" (IE). Today is regarded as a relatively new construct, interesting, but at the same time very controversial however in recent times the various studies have made important contributions to the various areas of psychology, in particular: the organizational and educational, some have already penetrated in the clinic by making clear the importance of EI for human developmentthe health and quality of life. This review considers the statistical relevance of suicide in younger populations, the relationship between suicide risk and factors affected EI, in a way which estimated its importance as an element that can prevent behaviors suicide (ideation, attempted and completed suicide) in adolescents.

RESUMEN: Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de ser víctima de bullying y analizar la influencia de factores personales y sociales sobre este fenómeno en una población de adolescentes. Metodología Estudio descriptivo, transversal y multicéntrico, realizado entre alumnos de 15-18 años en cinco institutos de educación secundaria de Cuenca durante el curso académico 2015-1016. Las variables de estudio se recogieron mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado que incluyó: edad, sexo, diferentes subescalas del cuestionario KIDSCREEN-52 y la escala de resiliencia CD-RISC 10. Resultados Se recogieron datos de 844 estudiantes (54% chicas), la edad media de la muestra fue de 16,36 años. La prevalencia de víctimas de bullying fue de 29,5%. El análisis multivariante para los factores personales, mostró que ser chica, ser más resiliente, tener mejor autopercepción y bienestar psicológico, protegen frente a ser víctimas. Mientras que el modelo de factores sociales indicó que tienen también un efecto protector los recursos económicos, las relaciones con los padres, amigos y entorno escolar. Conclusión El bullying es un fenómeno complejo de elevada prevalencia y gran repercusión social. En nuestro trabajo, las características propias de los adolescentes tales como la capacidad de resistencia y el control emocional, así como las relacionadas con su red social de apoyo, son factores protectores frente al bullying. Las políticas de prevención deben ser multisectoriales y multidisciplinares implicando a la familia, entorno escolar y asistencial y red social. Las enfermeras de atención primaria y especialmente la enfermera escolar, podrían facilitar una mayor coordinación entre los distintos sectores y aunar esfuerzos para promover entornos seguros para nuestros jóvenes.

The decline of oxygen tension in the tissues below the physiological demand leads to the hypoxic adaptive response. This physiological consequence enables cells to recover from this cellular insult. Understanding the cellular pathways that mediate recovery from hypoxia is therefore critical for developing novel therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The master regulators of oxygen homeostasis that control angiogenesis during hypoxia are hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). HIF-1 and HIF-2 function as transcriptional regulators and have both unique and overlapping target genes, whereas the role of HIF-3 is less clear. HIF-1 governs the acute adaptation to hypoxia, whereas HIF-2 and HIF-3 expressions begin during chronic hypoxia in human endothelium. When HIF-1 levels decline, HIF-2 and HIF-3 increase. This switch from HIF-1 to HIF-2 and HIF-3 signaling is required in order to adapt the endothelium to prolonged hypoxia. During prolonged hypoxia, the HIF-1 levels and activity are reduced, despite the lack of oxygen-dependent protein degradation. Although numerous protein factors have been proposed to modulate the HIF pathways, their application for HIF-targeted therapy is rather limited. Recently, the miRNAs that endogenously regulate gene expression via the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway have been shown to play critical roles in the hypoxia response pathways. Furthermore, these classes of RNAs provide therapeutic possibilities to selectively target HIFs and thus modulate the HIF switch. Here, we review the significance of the microRNAs on the relationship between the HIFs under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

Repeated head impact exposure and concussions are common in American football. Identifying the factors associated with high magnitude impacts aids in informing sport policy changes, improvements to protective equipment, and better understanding of the brain’s response to mechanical loading. Recently, the Stanford Instrumented Mouthguard (MiG2.0) has seen several improvements in its accuracy in measuring head kinematics and its ability to correctly differentiate between true head impact events and false positives. Using this device, the present study sought to identify factors (e.g., player position, helmet model, direction of head acceleration, etc.) that are associated with head impact kinematics and brain strain in high school American football athletes. 116 athletes were monitored over a total of 888 athlete exposures. 602 total impacts were captured and verified by the MiG2.0’s validated impact detection algorithm. Peak values of linear acceleration, angular velocity, and angular acceleration were obtained from the mouthguard kinematics. The kinematics were also entered into a previously developed finite element model of the human brain to compute the 95th percentile maximum principal strain. Overall, impacts were (mean ± SD) 34.0 ± 24.3 g for peak linear acceleration, 22.2 ± 15.4 rad/s for peak angular velocity, 2979.4 ± 3030.4 rad/s2 for peak angular acceleration, and 0.262 ± 0.241 for 95th percentile maximum principal strain. Statistical analyses revealed that impacts resulting in Forward head accelerations had higher magnitudes of peak kinematics and brain strain than Lateral or Rearward impacts and that athletes in skill positions sustained impacts of greater magnitude than athletes in line positions. 95th percentile maximum principal strain was significantly lower in the observed cohort of high school football athletes than previous reports of collegiate football athletes. No differences in impact magnitude were observed in athletes with or without previous concussion history, in athletes wearing different helmet models, or in junior varsity or varsity athletes. This study presents novel information on head acceleration events and their resulting brain strain in high school American football from our advanced, validated method of measuring head kinematics via instrumented mouthguard technology.

Objetivo: Analizar y comparar factores de resiliencia en docentes de nivel primario de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina, quienes se desempeñaban en contextos con características de vulnerabilidad social y sin ella. A partir de los aportes teóricos de Henderson y Milstein, se consideraron las variables: participación significativa, conducta prosocial, autoestima-aprendizaje y percepción de apoyo. Método: Se realizó un estudio mixto, descriptivo-comparativo, con diseño no experimental, y transversal. La muestra contó con 66 docentes, de los cuales 34 trabajaban en contextos socialmente vulnerables, y 32 en contextos sin vulnerabilidad. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: la Escala de Resiliencia Docente y una Entrevista ad hoc. Resultados: Indicaron diferencias significativas en el factor conducta prosocial, presentando puntajes más altos los docentes de contextos vulnerables, y una tendencia a la significación en los factores percepción de apoyo y participación significativa, a favor del mismo grupo. Esto señala la importancia del apoyo mutuo, el trabajo en equipo y el respaldo institucional como factores protectores. Conclusiones: Las características adversas del contexto pueden generar riesgos y dificultades en el quehacer; simultáneamente, funcionan como potenciadoras de procesos de resiliencia.