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Background Medical students experience depression and anxiety at a higher rate than the general population or students from other specialties. While there is a growing literature on the high prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms and about potential risk factors to the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among medical students, there is a paucity of evidence focused on the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms and associations with family function, social support and coping styles in Chinese vocational medicine students. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among Chinese medical students and assess the correlation between depression/anxiety symptoms and family function, social support and coping styles. Methods A sample of 2057 medical students from Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College in China was investigated with a self-report questionnaire, which included demographic information, Zung self-rating depression scale, Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Family APGAR Index, Social Support Rating Scale and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire. Results The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among the medical students was 57.5 and 30.8%, respectively. Older students(≥20 years) experienced higher levels of depression and anxiety. More depression and anxiety symptoms were exhibited among students with big financial burden, big study-induced stress and poor sleep quality. Students with large employment pressure showed more anxiety symptoms. Students who live alone or had bad relationship with their lovers or classmates or friends showed higher depression and anxiety scores. Depression and anxiety symptoms had highly significant correlations with family functioning, social support and coping style. Conclusions Academic staffs should take measures to reduce depression and anxiety among medical students and to provide educational counseling and psychological support for students to cope with these problems.

Purpose Resilience plays an important role in helping individuals to adapt to adversity and improve their psychosocial outcomes. This study aims to examine the mediating role of coping in the relationship between family function and resilience in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) who have a parent with lung cancer. Method A total of 135 AYAs with a lung cancer parent were recruited from a tertiary grade A cancer center in southern China, and investigated using a self-designed general information questionnaire, the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and the Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, Resolve index. Results The mean score of AYAs’ resilience was (3.61 ± 0.49), and its influencing factors included AYAs’ years in work, family function, and positive coping. The total effect of family function on resilience was significant (total effect = 0.38, 95% CI [0.048–0.115]), and a positive indirect effect was identified for family function on resilience via positive coping (indirect effect = 0.10, 95% CI [0.005–0.043]). Conclusion Family functioning can facilitate resilience either directly or by promoting positive coping. This study suggests that individualized interventions can be made to improve resilience by promoting family function, or by enhancing positive coping in AYAs with a lung cancer parent.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has become a critical public health issue that affects more than 78 million people. In many recent studies, the authors have demonstrated that equine-assisted activities and therapies (EAATs) can substantially improve the social and behavioral skills of children with ASD. However, the qualities of the studies differ, and some authors reached opposite conclusions. In this review, we systematically and objectively examined the effectiveness of EAATs for people with ASD, combining both qualitative and quantitative methods. We searched five databases (PubMed, Scopus, ERIC, ProQuest, and MEDLINE) and added relevant references, and we identified 25 articles for data extraction and analysis. According to our results, EAAT programs can substantially improve the social and behavioral functioning and language abilities of children with ASD. However, among the subdomains, the results were inconsistent. According to the meta-analyses, there were considerable improvements in the social cognition, communication, irritability, and hyperactivity domains, but not in the domains of social awareness, mannerisms, motivation, lethargy, stereotypy, or inappropriate speech. Moreover, there was a lack of sufficient comparative data to conclude that EAAT programs lead to substantial improvements in motor and sensory functioning. In addition, among the included studies, we noted the indicator of whether EAAT programs decreased parental stress and improved family functioning, and although there were four articles in which the researchers considered this aspect, we were unable to draw any conclusions because of the insufficient data and conflicting descriptive evidence. However, we need to consider the improvement in parental mental health as a factor in the effectiveness of this complementary intervention. We hope that in future studies, researchers will focus on family functioning and conduct more randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with blinded assessments using different scales and measures.

To explore the effects of family‐based dignity therapy on negative emotions, post‐traumatic growth, family cohesion and adaptability in primary caregivers of advanced cancer patients, so as to provide the reference for clinical implementation of family‐based dignity therapy. A non‐synchronous controlled clinical trial design was adopted. A total of 38 pairs of advanced cancer patients and their primary caregivers who were hospitalized were conveniently selected as the control group for routine care. A total of 38 pairs of advanced cancer patients and their primary caregivers who were hospitalized from were selected as the experimental group, and family‐based dignity therapy program was administered on the basis of the control group. Before intervention, 1 and 4 weeks after intervention, hospital anxiety and depression scale, post‐traumatic growth inventory, family adaptability and cohesion evaluation scale‐II were used to evaluate the intervention effect. At the first and fourth week after the intervention, the anxiety score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, the post‐traumatic growth level was higher than that of the control group, and the family function at the 4th week after the intervention was better than that of the control group, with statistical significance (p < .05). The time effect, inter‐group effect and interaction effect were statistically significant in the comparison of anxiety score, post‐traumatic growth level and family function between the two groups at different time points (p < .05). There was no significant difference in time effect, inter‐group effect and interaction effect between depression levels (p > .05). Family‐based dignity therapy program can significantly alleviate the anxiety of the primary caregivers of advanced cancer patients, enhance their post‐traumatic growth level, and effectively improve family function, which has certain promotion value in clinical care. This study applied family‐based dignity therapy (FBDT) to patients with advanced cancer and their primary caregivers to explore the impact of FBDT on the psychological status of primary caregivers and family functioning.

Background Dietary patterns influence children and adolescents’ health not only in the present but also in their adulthood. Family characteristics and functioning play a crucial role in food choices and are important modifiable factors for early interventions aimed at preventing unhealthy diets. Objective The study aimed to analyze the dietary patterns of Chinese children and adolescents and explore their associations with family characteristics and functioning. Methods 6276 participants aged 6 to 17 years were recruited for the multicenter cross-sectional study through cluster sampling. Food intake, family characteristics, and family function were assessed. Dietary patterns were identified through factor analysis based on food intake data, and a multiple logistic regression model was used to investigate the associations between dietary patterns, family characteristics, and family functioning. Results Three distinct dietary patterns were identified: the “Diverse dietary pattern” (characterized by a rich diet and balanced nutrition), the “Fast food concentrated dietary pattern” (primarily consisting of fried foods, sugary drinks, processed meats, and other junk food), and the “Traditional dietary pattern” (mainly vegetables and grains). Girls, those living in rural areas, and those with better family functioning were more likely to adhere to the “Diverse dietary pattern” ( p  < 0.01). Girls, primary school students, and those with lower educated mothers tended to have higher adherence to the “Traditional dietary pattern” ( p  < 0.01). High adherence to the “Fast food concentrated dietary pattern” were associated with boys, older age, Han ethnicity, family dysfunction, living with both parents, being an only-child, having a better educated father, lower family income, and higher pocket money ( p  < 0.01). Conclusion Children and adolescents from different family backgrounds exhibit distinct dietary patterns, highlighting the importance of early screening and intervention tailored to these varying family characteristics. Among the modifiable family factors, better family functioning stands out as a key area of focus for promoting and sustaining healthy dietary patterns in Chinese children and adolescents.

This study aims to investigate the impact of family support and family function on high-risk behavior among adolescents in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia using Cross-sectional study design. in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia using cross-sectional study design. The sample size consisted of 195 adolescents (aged 15 to 19) with various sociodemographic characteristics, as well as various types of risky behaviors, such as smoking, consuming alcohol, and so on. and so on. The results of the study indicate that perceptions of and family functions are significantly related to the level of adolescent involvement in high-risk behavior. Adolescents who perceive strong family support and cohesive family functioning are significantly less likely to engage in highrisk behavior. Significance test of the model, variable value of the Sig, which is 0.000, which means that the model has an independent variable that statistically significantly affects the dependent variable because the P-value <α; (0.000 <0.05). Family function is a variable that has a value of 0.000 so that it is related to the dependent variable and has a CI value of 95% (0.029-0.348) significantly less likely to engage in high-risk behavior. In addition, gender, age, and other sociodemographic factors also play a role in determining high-risk behavior. These findings underline the important role of the family in shaping adolescent behavior and emphasize the need for providing appropriate sexual information and education by parents. The implication of this research underscores the significance of parental involvement in providing emotional support, information, and supervision for their children. These parental roles can substantially reduce high-risk behaviors among adolescents. Cette étude vise à examiner l'impact du soutien familial et du fonctionnement familial sur les comportements à haut risque chez les adolescents de la ville de Malang, Java oriental, Indonésie en utilisant une conception d'étude transversale. dans la ville de Malang, Java oriental, Indonésie en utilisant une conception d'étude transversale. La taille de l'échantillon était composée de 195 adolescents (âgés de 15 à 19 ans) avec diverses caractéristiques sociodémographiques, ainsi que divers types de comportements à risque, tels que fumer, consommer de l'alcool, etc. et ainsi de suite. Les résultats de l'étude indiquent que les perceptions et les fonctions familiales sont significativement liées au niveau d'implication des adolescents dans les comportements à haut risque. Les adolescents qui perçoivent un soutien familial fort et un fonctionnement familial cohérent sont significativement moins susceptibles de s'engager dans un comportement à haut risque. Test de signification du modèle, valeur variable du Sig, qui est de 0,000, ce qui signifie que le modèle a une variable indépendante qui affecte statistiquement de manière significative la variable dépendante car la valeur P <α ; (0,000 <0,05). La fonction familiale est une variable qui a une valeur de 0,000, de sorte qu'elle est liée à la variable dépendante et a une valeur IC de 95 % (0,029-0,348) significativement moins susceptibles de s'engager dans un comportement à haut risque. En outre, le sexe, l'âge et d'autres facteurs sociodémographiques jouent également un rôle dans la détermination du comportement à haut risque. Ces résultats soulignent le rôle important de la famille dans la formation du comportement des adolescents et soulignent la nécessité pour les parents de fournir des informations et une éducation sexuelles appropriées. Les implications de cette recherche soulignent l'importance de l'implication des parents dans la fourniture d'un soutien émotionnel, d'informations et de supervision à leurs enfants. Ces rôles parentaux peuvent réduire considérablement les comportements à haut risque chez les adolescents.

Objectives This study evaluated the current state of family resilience in adolescents diagnosed with emotional disorders, incorporating perspectives from both the patients and their primary caregivers. Method A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 281 adolescent aged 12 to 18 years diagnosed with emotional disorders and their primary caregivers, recruited from a psychiatric specialty hospital in China between December 2023 and July 2024. Both groups completed standardized assessments of family resilience and family functioning. K-means cluster analysis was conducted using Python 3.12.4 software, and statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS 25.0. Results Five distinct clusters of family resilience were identified based on scores from both patients and primary caregivers, including Dual Adversity (18.50%), Caregiver-Empowered (10.32%), Balanced and Coordinated (46.26%), Patient-Strength (11.39%), and Divergent-Challenge (13.52%). Significant differences were observed across clusters in family functioning, socioeconomic factors (such as medical payment methods, monthly household income, caregiver employment status), family relationship quality (including parent-child relationship, marital relationship, and parenting style), and disease-related characteristics (such as distress and self-discontinuation of psychiatric medication). Primary caregivers reported higher levels of family resilience and functioning than adolescents. Additionally, family resilience and family functioning showed significant positive correlations in both adolescents ( r  = 0.668, p  < 0.001) and caregivers ( r  = 0.405, p  < 0.001). Conclusions This study, through a dual patient-caregiver perspective and cluster analysis, highlights the diversity and complexity of family resilience in adolescents with emotional disorders. The findings identified five distinct cluster patterns, underscoring the strong association between family resilience and family functioning. Based on the characteristic differences among these clusters, clinical practitioners can formulate tailored family-based intervention strategies aimed at enhancing overall family resilience and optimizing family functioning, thereby improving treatment outcomes and quality of life for adolescents with emotional disorders.

The occurrence of public health emergency in China often makes nurses more susceptible to anxiety. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety among Chinese nurses during the public health emergency and explore the association between family function and anxiety and its underlying mechanisms. Family care index questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience scale, physical activity rating scale and 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale were employed to measure family function, resilience, physical activity and anxiety among 779 Chinese nurses during public health emergency. The prevalence of anxiety among nurses during public health emergency was 29.9%. Resilience partially mediated the association of anxiety with family function. Physical activity moderated the direct and indirect effects of family function on anxiety. The direct effect became insignificant when the standard scores of physical activity were 0.629 and over. In contrast, the indirect effect of family function on anxiety through resilience was stronger when the levels of physical activity increased. The present study suggested for nurses with low levels of physical activity, intervention enhancing family function should be designed to prevent anxiety. For those with higher levels of physical activity, programs aimed at strengthening family function and supporting resilience should be developed to manage anxiety.

Background The life satisfaction of the elderly in nursing home is the focus of social concern.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of family function and sleep quality on life satisfaction among elderly individuals in nursing homes and examine the mediating effect of sleep quality between family function and life satisfaction. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted .A total of 127 older adults who completed the Life Satisfaction Index A (LSI-A), the Family APGAR Index and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were recruited from four nursing homes in Chongqing, China. Results Life satisfaction was positively correlated with family function ( r =0.434, p <0.01) and negatively correlated with PSQI ( r = -0.514, p <0.01). PSQI was found to be negatively associated with family function ( r =-0.387, p <0.01).Family function had a significant effect on PSQI (path a: β=-0.8459, 95% CI=-1.2029, -0.4889), and PSQI had a significant effect on life satisfaction (path b: β=-0.3916, 95% CI=-0.5407, -0.2425). The total effect (path c) and direct effect (path c') of family function on life satisfaction were significant (β=0.8931, 95% CI=0.5626, 1.2235 and β=0.56181, 95% CI=0.2358, 0.8879, respectively). The coefficient for the indirect effect of family function on life satisfaction through PSQI was statistically significant (β=0.3312, 95% CI=0.1628, 0.5588). PSQI played a partial mediating role between family function and life satisfaction, and PSQI mediated 32.58% of the total effect of family function on life satisfaction. Conclusions Family function and sleep quality were significant predictors of elderly people's life satisfaction in nursing homes. Sleep quality partially mediated the relationship between family function and life satisfaction.The interventions focused on promoting family function and improving sleep quality may be more helpful in improving elderly people's life satisfaction in nursing homes.

Background Perinatal depression is the most common complication of gestation and childbearing affecting women and their families, and good social support and family function are considered protective and modifiable factors. This study aimed to investigate depression status and explore inter-relationships between social support and perinatal depression considering the influence of family function in rural areas of Southwest China. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. The following instruments were used: the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, the APGAR Family Care Index Scale, and the Social Support Rate Scale. A structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesis relationships among the variables. Results A total of 490 rural antenatal ( N  = 249) and postpartum ( N  = 241) women (mean age (standard deviation), 28.17 ± 5.12) participated. We found that the prevalence of depression symptoms was 10.4%. Path analysis showed that family function had a direct negative correlation with depression (β = − 0.251, 95%CI: − 0.382 to − 0.118). Social support had a direct positive correlation with family function (β =0.293, 95%CI: 0.147 to 0.434) and had an indirect negative correlation with depression (β = − 0.074, 95%CI: − 0.139 to − 0.032), family function fully mediated the relationship between social support and depression. Conclusions Findings of this study highlight that family function should be considered as the key target for interventions aiming to lower the prevalence of perinatal depression. Family members interventions are critical to reduce depression among antenatal and postpartum women.