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Background: Timely and effective interventions can alleviate or prevent the development of clinical symptomatology in trauma-exposed individuals. However, due to limited access to these interventions, and/or stigma around accessing mental health services, there is an unmet need. Internet-and mobile-based interventions may help to address this need. Aims: This review aims to (i) synthesise the evidence on feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of the 'PTSD Coach' intervention (both web-based and mobile applications) in trauma-exposed individuals; (ii) evaluate the quality of this research; and (iii) identify challenges and recommendations related to 'PTSD Coach' intervention delivery. Method: Systematic database searches were conducted (PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, PLoS, Web of Science, PTSDpubs, Scopus, and clinical trial databases). Review inclusion was based on predefined inclusion criteria, and study quality was assessed with the mixed methods appraisal and the risk-of-bias tools for randomised trials. Where feasible, meta-analytical pooling of intervention effects on posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) was conducted. Results: Seventeen manuscripts reporting on 16 primary studies were included with the majority evaluating a self-managed PTSD Coach mobile application intervention. Most studies were conducted in higher-income countries and females were over-represented. For both platforms, satisfaction and perceived helpfulness were generally high but type of smart device operating system was identified as an influence. The pooled effect size in symptom severity in the intervention group compared to the comparison group was not significant (standardised mean difference =  - 0.19) (95% CI − 0.41 to − 0.03, p = .09). Heterogeneity was not significant (p = .14; I2 =  40 %). No study was excluded based on quality assessment. Conclusion: Findings support the feasibility and acceptability of 'PTSD Coach' in trauma-exposed individuals. However, evidence on the effectiveness on PTSS remains limited. More research is still needed in low-middle-income countries, particularly those in which supported 'PTSD Coach' interventions are evaluated in larger and more diverse samples. Most studies evaluated a self-managed PTSD Coach mobile application intervention in higher-income countries. Findings generally support the feasibility and acceptability of both PTSD Coach mobile application and PTSD Coach Online in trauma-exposed individuals but the evidence on the effectiveness on posttraumatic stress symptoms remains limited. More research is needed especially in low-middle-income countries where there is often limited access to the needed interventions.

Variational inclusion is an important general problem consisting of many useful problems like variational inequality, minimization problem and nonlinear monotone equations. In this article, a new scheme for solving variational inclusion problem is proposed and the scheme uses inertial and relaxation techniques. Moreover, the scheme is self adaptive, that is, the stepsize does not depend on the factorial constants of the underlying operator, instead it can be computed using a simple updating rule. Weak convergence analysis of the iterates generated by the new scheme is presented under mild conditions. In addition, schemes for solving variational inequality problem and split feasibility problem are derived from the proposed scheme and applied in solving Nash-Cournot equilibrium problem and image restoration. Experiments to illustrate the implementation and potential applicability of the proposed schemes in comparison with some existing schemes in the literature are presented.

Background: The goal of this pilot randomized controlled trial was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of delivering group-based psychosocial care via videoconference (ie, Zoom) to women with lung cancer undergoing treatment. Methods: At baseline, women indicated their typical computer and internet use and were then randomized to a group-based intervention that either focused on mindfulness training or psychoeducation. Participants completed 1 Zoom “practice run” prior to starting the 5 group sessions (1 per week). After the last session, they evaluated their experiences with the intervention and its delivery. Results: With a consent rate of 68%, 54 women (mean age = 66 years; 69% non-Hispanic White; 48% with stage IV disease) were equally randomized. Attendance was high in both arms (session mean, mindfulness = 4.38; education = 4.75; 85% attended all sessions). Across arms, all women rated the program as useful; most preferred group-based delivery (67%) and remote delivery (50%) or had no preference. Although the sample’s typical computer use was relatively low (eg, 19% said that they rarely or never use a computer), most women (76%) indicated that Zoom was “very easy” or “easy” to use. After only 0 to 1 attempts, 56% felt comfortable but 26% stated that they never felt comfortable with the technology. Conclusions: It seems to be feasible to deliver group-based psychosocial interventions via videoconference in women with lung cancer undergoing treatment. Challenges regarding scheduling the group sessions and familiarizing older rather than infrequent computer users with the technology were encountered but resolved over the course of the trial.