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The author argues that evolution is controlled by the female of the species. She is more diverse, deadlier and more adaptable than the male, and the notion of maternal instinct, with its baggage of self-sacrifice, gentleness and devotion is a misapprehension.

This double-blind, multicenter, randomized trial showed that letrozole, as compared with clomiphene, was associated with higher live-birth and ovulation rates among infertile women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. The polycystic ovary syndrome, which is diagnosed on the basis of hyperandrogenism, oligo-ovulation with associated oligomenorrhea, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasonography, affects 5 to 10% of reproductive-age women and is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility. 1 Although the syndrome is a complex reproductive–metabolic disorder, the hypothalamic–pituitary axis has been the target of first-line ovulation-induction therapy. Clomiphene citrate, a selective estrogen-receptor modulator that antagonizes the negative feedback of estrogen at the hypothalamus with a consequent increase in ovarian stimulation by endogenous gonadotropin, has been used for this indication for decades. Clomiphene has drawbacks, including its overall poor efficacy (only a . . .

\"'Women in Architecture' sheds light on how women in all their different roles contribute to architecture, from the past to the present. Despite the essential and varied contributions of women, the narrative surrounding architecture remains deeply rooted in masculinity. Nonetheless, women have played crucial roles throughout architectural history. This publication sheds light on the reasons behind the absence of women in archives and publications, and how that exclusion continues to perpetuate the invisibility of women in architecture today. By bringing together these stories, the publication adds a crucial chapter to the history of architecture in the Netherlands and advocates for greater diversity in the current architectural discourse\"--Back cover

Abstract Disclosure: M. Ross: Eli Lilly & Company. S. Mulnick: Eli Lilly & Company. K. Boye: Eli Lilly & Company. A. Samuelson: Eli Lilly & Company. V. Thieu: Eli Lilly & Company. C. Longuet: Eli Lilly & Company. J. Glass: Eli Lilly & Company. M. Hoog: Eli Lilly & Company. Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects approximately 35 million Americans and three million Canadians. The link between T2D and obesity has been well established and guidelines for treating T2D include recommendations to support patients in healthy weight reduction. This study explored the perspectives of people residing in the US and Canada with T2D across BMI categories regarding the perceived value of reaching a lower weight and how this would impact their lives. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey informed by qualitative interviews was administered in English to adults in the US and Canada with T2D. Enrollment ensured a sample representative of the T2D population by BMI according to US census data. The survey explored weight management experience, impacts of T2D and weight on quality of life (QOL), and perceived value of 5%, 10%, and 20% weight reductions. Participants defined their dream, achievable, acceptable, and unsuccessful body weights, standardized as a proportion of their reported current weight. Results were summarized descriptively. Chi-square tests and t-tests assessed for significant differences between BMI categories and by sex at birth (p<0.05). Results: The 746 participants (US=388, Canada=358) were 45% female, 43% retired, and 77% college-educated or higher. Mean (SD) BMI was 32.8 kg/m2 (8.2) and was higher among female participants (female=35.0 kg/m2 (9.4); male=31.0 kg/m2 (6.5); p<0.001). 41% had a BMI<30 kg/m2 and 13% had a BMI<25 kg/m2. The majority (70%) self-reported an HbA1c <7%. Nearly all (93%) felt weight management was important to managing their T2D, regardless of BMI. Most (66%) reported currently trying to lose weight and thinking about trying to lose weight at least multiple times each week over the last 2 years, especially those with higher BMIs (p<0.001). A higher BMI was also associated with more impacts of weight on T2D (emotional well-being, medical/health complications, physical/mobility limitations, sleep, daily activities, social and financial). Participants with higher BMIs desired greater weight reduction than those with lower BMIs when defining their dream, achievable, acceptable and unsuccessful weight goals and were more likely to expect a positive and meaningful impact on their life with 5%, 10%, and 20% weight reductions. Statistical differences between male and female sex at birth were also observed, as female participants reported more impacts of weight on T2D, struggling to lose weight, and desiring greater weight reduction than male participants. Conclusion: Participants with T2D positively valued weight reduction and anticipate it to lead to improvements in their overall T2D management and QOL. As the percentage of weight reduction increased, those with higher BMIs and female participants perceived greater meaningfulness and more positive impacts. Presentation: Saturday, July 12, 2025

\"According to Confucius, \"an educated woman is a worthless woman,\" but Tan Yunxian--born into an elite family, yet haunted by death, separations, and loneliness--is being raised by her grandparents to be of use. Her grandmother is one of only a handful of female doctors in China, and she teaches Yunxian the pillars of Chinese medicine, the Four Examinations--looking, listening, touching, and asking--something a man can never do with a female patient. From a young age, Yunxian learns about women's illnesses, many of which relate to childbearing, alongside a young midwife-in-training, Meiling. The two girls find fast friendship and a mutual purpose--despite the prohibition that a doctor should never touch blood while a midwife comes in frequent contact with it--and they vow to be forever friends, sharing in each other's joys and struggles. No mud, no lotus, they tell themselves: from adversity beauty can bloom. But when Yunxian is sent into an arranged marriage, her mother-in-law forbids her from seeing Meiling and from helping the women and girls in the household. Yunxian is to act like a proper wife--embroider bound-foot slippers, pluck instruments, recite poetry, give birth to sons, and stay forever within the walls of the family compound, the Garden of Fragrant Delights. How might a woman like Yunxian break free of these traditions, go on to treat women and girls from every level of society, and lead a life of such importance that many of her remedies are still used five centuries later? How might the power of friendship support or complicate these efforts?\" -- Provided by publisher.

Abstract Disclosure: A. Herdman: None. A. Lagasse: None. A. Haney: None. S. Byrum: None. U. Boehm: None. M.C. MacNicol: None. A.M. MacNicol: None. G.V. Childs: None. A.K. Odle: None. Secretogranin II (SGII) has long been associated with regulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) storage and secretion. Following cleavage by prohormone convertases, various bioactive peptides are produced from SGII, including secretoneurin (SN). Exogenous SN stimulation has previously been shown to trigger LH secretion in the mouse LβT2 gonadotrope cell line and in goldfish pituitaries; however, the mechanisms and functions of SN in the mammalian pituitary have yet to be elucidated. We hypothesize that (1) mammalian SGII and SN expression vary based on puberty, sex, and estrous cycle stage, and (2) SN alters gonadotrope function cyclically to regulate LH secretion. To understand how SN may be regulated across the estrous cycle, SgII and prohormone convertase mRNAs associated with generation of SN (Pcsk1 and Pcsk2) were quantified via qPCR in whole, adult female murine pituitaries collected at 0900 on the morning of each stage of the estrous cycle (proestrus (P), estrus (E), metestrus (M), diestrus (D)), and P 2000 and E 0400 (n=6/cycle timepoint). SgII mRNA expression was highest at P 0900, falling significantly during the secondary FSH surge (E 0400, p<0.05). Similarly, Pcsk1/Pcsk2 expression significantly decreased from D 0900 and P 0900 to the preovulatory LH surge at P 2000 (p<0.05). These dramatic shifts indicate that production of SGII, and perhaps SN, may be cyclically regulated. Western Blot analysis of whole pituitaries revealed that SGII products, but not full-length SGII, generally decrease with age (from mid-postnatal period into adulthood) in both males and females, and males generally have more SGII-derived proteins than females. To determine how SN may affect gonadotrope functions independently vs in combination with GnRH, adult female pituitaries from mice expressing GnRHR-driven Cre and a floxed fluorescent reporter were collected at D 0900 and P 0900 (n=72). Pituitaries were dispersed and treated for 3h with: Vehicle, SN (1 uM), GnRH (1 nM), or SN + GnRH (n=9 per stage/treatment). Gonadotropes were purified and pooled (n=3 purified populations/pool, n=3 pools/treatment). Mass spectrometry-based proteomics and differential abundance analyses were used to profile the gonadotrope proteome of each group. SN treatment led to changes in >200 proteins total (both stages), of which 98% were stage-specific, indicating that SN regulates gonadotropes in a cycle-dependent manner. In both P and D groups, treatment with SN and SN+GnRH increased LH secretion over baseline levels (p<0.01, p<0.05). These results confirm that exogenous SN is capable of stimulating LH secretion not only from the LβT2 cell line, but also from primary murine pituitary cultures. Our data indicate that pituitary SGII/SN expression may vary based on physiological demands such as pubertal development, sex, and estrous cycle, and that SN regulates gonadotropes in a cycle-dependent manner distinct from GnRH. Presentation: Sunday, July 13, 2025

BackgroundFemale carriers of X-linked conditions display a spectrum of disease, often attributed to skewed X-inactivation during embryogenesis. Herein, we describe the phenotype in a female carrier of c.3308_3309delAT (p.Tyr1103Serfs*7) – a frameshift variant in the basic domain of RPGR, which is associated with X-linked cone dystrophy in hemizygous males.MethodsRetrospective review of ophthalmic examination results, multimodal retinal imaging and functional testing was conducted.ResultsA 71-year-old female was examined due to a diagnosis of RPGR-related cone dystrophy in her son. Visual acuities were clinically normal at 6/6, and refractive error measured -6.50/-2.00x15 and -6.00/-1.50x130 in the right and left eye, respectively. Slit-lamp examination was unremarkable. Retinal imaging showed mild foveal hyper-reflectance with green reflectance (518nm) which colocalised with a hyperreflective outer retinal band observed on SD-OCT. Fundus autofluorescence and ultra-widefield imaging showed no peripheral abnormalities. Cone-mediated mesopic microperimetry revealed a mosaic pattern of reduced macular sensitivity despite normal retinal structure on clinical imaging. Handheld electroretinography measured normal rod responses, while cone responses averaged 71.4% of the lower normal limit, compared to 36% in the male proband. This finding corroborates the stochastic nature of X-inactivation.ConclusionThis case identifies a phenotype consistent with mild cone dysfunction and anatomical changes. Improved understanding of disease manifestations in female carriers is essential to identify affected individuals who may benefit from future gene-targeted therapies.