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Study of Crystallization Kinetics of Picromerite in the Ksub.2SOsub.4-MgSOsub.4-Hsub.2O System
The crystallization kinetics of picromerite play a crucial role in optimizing the fertilizer quality. This study developed a crystallization kinetics model of picromerite. Results show that increasing temperature mainly leads to higher supersaturation, which, in turn, enhances both nucleation and growth rates, with significant improvements in crystal size and uniformity. Higher stirring speed was found to have positive effects on crystal nucleation and growth rate. The decrease in supersaturation leads to the diminution of the driving force for crystallization and the gradual decline in crystallization. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationships between these crystallization conditions and the resultant crystal properties.
Journal Article
Fertilizer use in African agriculture
The limited use of fertilizer by farmers in Africa stands in contrast to the much more extensive use of fertilizer by farmers in other developing regions.This contrast has stimulated considerable discussion about what should be the role of fertilizer in helping countries of Africa achieve their agricultural development goals, and what types of.
eBook
Growth, yield and potassium dynamics of konjac
Konjac (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is a tuberous species that thrives in Malaysian forests and has substantial commercial potential. Despite its importance, agronomic practices that suited with local climate is still scarce. Optimizing key agronomic practices such as shade and K rates require a clear understanding of how they affect plant growth and nutrient dynamics, and how these effects, in turn, influence yield. A field experiment was conducted and treatments of four K rates–0 (T1), 75 (T2), 150 (T3), 225 (T4) kg [ha.sup.-1] were nested in three shading rates–0%, 50%, 70%. Under each shading, each K rate was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Regardless of K rates, plants under 70% shading had enhanced growth (leaflet area, petiole diameter), 33.1% more rapid K uptake and 27.9% higher corm yield (P [less than or equal to] 0.01; [alpha] = 0.05), attributed to 15.71% higher photosynthesis rates compared to plants under 50% shading. For nested effects, under 70% shading, T3 was optimum since K uptake and growth was delayed in T4 plants and the corm yield showed nonsignificant difference to T3. Under 50% shading, yield in T4 plants were significantly (P [less than or equal to] 0.01; [alpha] = 0.05) higher (46.4%) compared to T3 plants, demonstrating that under less favourable shading, higher K rate (225 kg [ha.sup.-1]) is needed to increase the yield. Soil K content across growth stages follows quadratic function and the optimum time for K fertilization which can enhance its uptake efficiency under the recommended 70% shading rate is 9-10 wk after planting.
Journal Article
The California nitrogen assessment : challenges and solutions for people, agriculture, and the environment
\"Nitrogen is indispensable to all life on Earth. However, humans now dominate the nitrogen cycle and nitrogen emissions resulting from human activity involve real costs: water and air pollution, climate change, and detrimental effects for human health, biodiversity, and natural habitat. Too little nitrogen limits ecosystem processes, while too much nitrogen transforms ecosystems profoundly. The California Nitrogen Assessment is the first comprehensive accounting of nitrogen flows, practices, and policies for California; encompassing all nitrogen flows--not just those associated with agriculture--and their impacts on ecosystem services and human wellbeing. How California handles issues of nitrogen will be of interest nationally and internationally, and the goal of the assessment is to more effectively link science with action and to produce information that informs both future policy and solutions to nitrogen pollution. This book also provides a model for application of integrated ecosystem assessment methods at regional and state (sub-national) levels.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
The Iran War’s Alarming Ripple Effects
The downstream effects of the Iran war are only beginning. On “The Opinions,” David Wallace-Wells explains how disruptions tied to fertilizer, condoms and other global goods could contribute to famine, disease and rising costs worldwide.
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Mechanochemical Preparation of a Novel Slow-Release Fertilizer Based on Ksub.2SOsub.4-kaolinite
In this study, a novel slow-release fertilizer (SRF) consisting of kaolinite and K[sub.2]SO[sub.4] was prepared, employing the process of mechanochemical milling in a planetary ball mill. To obtain the optimum milling time and speed, several samples were made at fixed mass ratios of kaolinite: K[sub.2]SO[sub.4] (3:1). The milling rotational speed ranged from 200 to 700 rpm for 120 min. Different milling times ranging from 60 to 180 min at fixed 600 rpm milling speed were also investigated to evaluate the incorporation of K[sub.2]SO[sub.4] and to measure the liberation of K[sup.+] and SO[sub.4] [sup.2−] ions into solution. The properties of the studied samples were analyzed by Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and ion chromatography (IC). The mechanochemical process is a green chemistry procedure that is successfully applied to incorporate K[sub.2]SO[sub.4] into the amorphous kaolinite structure. The slow-release performance was evaluated by determining the K[sup.+] and SO[sub.4] [sup.2−] content in the aqueous solution upon leaching. The optimum released amount of K[sup.+] after 24 h was 32 mg L[sup.−1] for the milling conditions of 180 min and 700 rpm, indicating that K[sub.2]SO[sub.4]-kaolinite has good slow-release properties. The novel SRF is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and improves the fertilizer's efficiency in many agricultural applications.
Journal Article
Fertilization of Pinus taeda L. on an acidic oxisol in southern Brazil: growth, litter accumulation, and root exploration
Brazil has extensive areas planted with Pinus taeda L. primarily in southern areas with poor soil fertility and nutritional management. Identifying optimal management practices can be difficult since forest floor litter, along with concomitant roots, may impact tree nutrition by interacting with fertilizer/lime applications. Seeking to evaluate this interaction, a nutrient omission experiment with seven treatments was designed to evaluate mid-rotation fertilizer/lime application to a P. taeda stand in southern Brazil. The seven treatments were: complete (N, P, K, B, Zn, Cu, Mo, and lime as a Ca and Mg source); NPK omission; micronutrient omission; K omission; Zn omission; lime omission; and control. Treatments were applied when the stand was five and seven years old, followed by harvest at twelve years. Pinus taeda responded positively, with commercial volume gains of 100% (60 to 122 m3 ha−1) when N and P were applied. Application of these nutrients also enhanced volume of logs in the 23–35-cm-diameter log class. No responses to K, lime (Ca and Mg), or micronutrient (Zn, Cu, B and Mo) amendments were observed. Nutrients and lime increased total litter accumulation, especially under omission of K. Roots were found in fragmented and humified forest floor layers, and omission of K enhanced total root mass (Mg ha−1), specific root length (m g−1), root length (km ha−1), and relative root mass (Mg Mg−1 of litter). Significant gains in P. taeda productivity on low fertility oxisols can be attained if the correct nutrients are applied at mid-rotation of these short-rotation forest systems.
Journal Article