Explore the vast range of titles available.

Ti3C2Tx Quantum dots (QDs)/L‐Ti3C2Tx fiber electrode (Q3M7) with high capacitance and excellent flexibility is prepared by a wet spinning method. The assembled units Ti3C2Tx nanosheets (NSs) with large size (denoted as L‐Ti3C2Tx) is obtained by natural sedimentation screen raw Ti3AlC2, etching, and mechanical delamination. The pillar agent Ti3C2Tx QDs is fabricated by an ultrasound method. Q3M7 fiber electrode gave a specific capacitance of 1560 F cm−3, with a capacity retention rate of 79% at 20 A cm−3, and excellent mechanical strength of 130 Mpa. A wide temperature all‐solid‐state the delaminated montmorillonite (F‐MMT)/Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) flexible hydrogel (DHGE) (F‐MMT/PVA DHGE) Q3M7 fiber supercapacitor is assembled by using Q3M7 fiber as electrodes and F‐MMT/PVA DHGE as electrolyte and separator. It showed a volume specific capacitance of 413 F cm−3 at 0.5 A cm−3, a capacity retention of 97% after 10 000 cycles, an energy density of 36.7 mWh cm−3 at a power density of 311 mW cm−3, and impressive capacitance and flexibility over a wide temperature range of −40 to 60 °C. This work provides an effective strategy for designing and assembling wide temperature all‐solid‐state fiber supercapacitors with optimal balance of capacitive performance and flexibility. Ti3C2Tx Quantum dots (QDs)/L‐Ti3C2Tx fiber electrode (Q3M7) with high capacitance and excellent flexibility is prepared by a wet spinning method, and all‐solid‐state symmetric fiber supercapacitor (F‐MMT/PVA DHGE Q3M7) with excellent energy storage in a wide temperature from ‐40 to 60 °C is assembled on the basis of the optimizing balance of capacitive performance and flexibility.

Structural energy storage composites present advantages in simultaneously achieving structural strength and electrochemical properties. Adoption of carbon fiber electrodes and resin structural electrolytes in energy storage composite poses challenges in maintaining good mechanical and electrochemical properties at reasonable cost and effort. Here, we report a simple method to fabricate structural supercapacitor using carbon fiber electrodes (modified by Ni-layered double hydroxide (Ni-LDH) and in-situ growth of Co-metal-organic framework (Co-MOF) in a two-step process denoted as Co-MOF/Ni-LDH@CF) and bicontinuousphase epoxy resin-based structural electrolyte. Co-MOF/Ni-LDH@CF as electrode material exhibits improved specific capacity (42.45 F·g −1 ) and cycle performance (93.3% capacity retention after 1000 cycles) in a three-electrode system. The bicontinuousphase epoxy resin-based structural electrolyte exhibits an ionic conductivity of 3.27 × 10 −4 S·cm −1 . The fabricated Co-MOF/Ni-LDH@CF/SPE-50 structural supercapacitor has an energy density of 3.21 Wh·kg −1 at a power density of 42.25 W·kg −1 , whilst maintaining tensile strength and modulus of 334.6 MPa and 25.2 GPa. These results show practical potential of employing modified commercial carbon fiber electrodes and epoxy resin-based structural electrolytes in structural energy storage applications.

Structural supercapacitors (SSCs) are multifunctional energy storage composites (MESCs) that combine the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymers and the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors to reduce the overall mass in lightweight applications with electrical energy consumption. These novel MESCs have huge potentials, and their properties have improved dramatically since their introduction in the early 2000’s. However, the current properties of SSCs are not sufficient for complete energy supply of electrically driven devices. To overcome this drawback, the aim of the current study is to identify key areas for enhancement of the multifunctional performance of SSCs. Critical modification paths for the SSC constituents are systematically analyzed. Special focus is given to the improvement of carbon fiber-based electrodes, the selection of structural electrolytes and the implementation of separators for the development of more efficient SSCs. Finally, current SSCs are compared in terms of their multifunctionality including material combinations and modifications.

MoS 2 has attracted a lot of interest in the field of lithium-ion storage as an anode material owing to its high capacity and two-dimensional (2D)-layer structure. However, its electrochemical properties, such as rate capability and cycling stability, are usually limited by its low conductivity, volume variation, and polysulfide dissolution during lithiation/delithiation cycling. Here, a designed two-layer carbon-coated MoS 2 /carbon nanofiber (MoS 2 /C/C fiber) hybrid electrode with a double-layer carbon coating was achieved by a facile hydrothermal and subsequent electrospinning method. The double carbon layer (inner amorphous carbon and outer carbon fiber) shells could efficiently increase the electron conductivity, prevent the aggregation of MoS 2 flakes, and limit the volume change and polysulfide loss during long-term cycling. The as-prepared MoS 2 /C/C fiber electrode exhibited a high capacity of up to 1,275 mAh/g at a current density of 0.2 A/g, 85.0% first cycle Coulombic efficiency, and significantly increased rate capability and cycling stability. These results demonstrate the potential applications of MoS 2 /C/C fiber hybrid material for energy storage and may open up a new avenue for improving electrode energy storage performance by fabricating hybrid nanofiber electrode materials with double-layer carbon coatings.

Alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) fibers with wearable characteristics, such as flexibility, light weight, stitchability and comfort, are emerging in textile displays for daily applications. To construct efficient ACEL fibers, a judiciously designed and low-cost electrode is also extremely important but seems to receive less attention. Inspired by fiber dyeing, we propose a method that employs non-noble metals to design fiber electrodes by constructing microconductive channels inside commercial fibers. This method relies on the window period formed by the glass transition temperature of the PAN fibers, which is sufficiently flexible to extend to mass production at a low cost (approximately US$ 1.86/kg). The resulting ACEL fibers interwoven with a transparent fiber electrode formed a textile display with an acceptable luminescence performance of 46 cd · m −2 (160 V). Notably, a visual feedback e-textile (VFET) was constructed by integrating fiber sensors, which demonstrates the concept of wearable real-time visual monitoring and interaction. Compared with their individual counterparts, VFET has been conveniently and efficiently for visual monitoring, communication, and interaction, i.e., the visualization of physiological parameters (heartbeat, respiration, etc.) and nonverbal communications (literal or cryptographic) for special groups and specific scenes. Graphical Abstract Non-noble metal electroluminescent (EL) fibers and accessible, sensitive, and flexible visual feedback e-textiles (VFET) capable of being integrated into smart clothing and wearable devices are proposed in this work

How to endow carbon fiber (CF) with functions such as good energy storage while maintaining its excellent mechanical properties is an interesting research topic. A novel flexible and bendable CF battery (FBCFB) with spread ultra-thin CF unidirectional tape is prepared in this article for the first time, which consists of a CF nickel-plated positive electrode (PE), a copper foil negative electrode (NE), a separator, and a liquid electrolyte. The electrochemical performances of the battery are tested at different bending angles. Further, a structural battery tube (SBT) made of ultra-thin CF prepreg skin and FBCFB is formed by winding process. The storage energy and the loading effects of SBT are tested under three-point bending conditions. The full CF tube (FCFT) with the same geometric dimensions is tested to find the structural efficiency of the SBT. The results show that the specific storage energy capacity of FBCFB reaches 184 mAh at a charge-discharge rate of 0.05 A, and its electrochemical performance presents stable in the range of 0 ~ 135°. The energy density of SBT reaches 26 Wh/kg, and its maximum bending load ratio is 81 N/g, which is 67% of the pure CF composite tube. The residual energy capacity of SBT after bending failure is 60% of its initial capacity. The experimental results show the comprehensive advantages of the structural loading-energy storage synergy of ultra-thin CF structure battery tubes.

There is a growing desire for wearable sensors in health applications. Fibers are inherently flexible and as such can be used as the electrodes of flexible sensors. Fiber-based electrodes are an ideal format to allow incorporation into fabrics and clothing and for use in wearable devices. Electrically conducting fibers were produced from a dispersion of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS). Fibers were wet spun from two PEDOT: PSS sources, in three fiber diameters. The effect of three different chemical treatments on the fibers were investigated and compared. Short 5 min treatment times with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on 20 μm fibers produced from Clevios PH1000 were found to produce the best overall treatment. Up to a six-fold increase in electrical conductivity was achieved, reaching 800 S cm−1, with no loss of mechanical strength (150 MPa). With a pH-sensitive polyaniline coating, these fibers displayed a Nernstian response across a pH range of 3.0 to 7.0, which covers the physiologically critical pH range for skin. These results provide opportunities for future wearable, fiber-based sensors including real-time, on-body pH sensing to monitor skin disease.

A new approach to developing structural sodium batteries capable of operating in ambient-temperature conditions has been successfully achieved. The developed multifunctional structural electrolyte (SE) using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a matrix integrated with succinonitrile (SN) plasticizers and glass-fiber (GF) reinforcements identified as GF_PEO-SN-NaClO4 showed a tensile strength of 32.1 MPa and an ionic conductivity of 1.01 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. It displayed a wide electrochemical stability window of 0 to 4.9 V and a high sodium-ion transference number of 0.51 at room temperature. The structural electrode (CF|SE) was fabricated by pressing the structural electrolyte with carbon fibers (CFs), and it showed a tensile strength of 72.3 MPa. The fabricated structural battery half-cell (CF||SE||Na) demonstrated good cycling stability and an energy density of 14.2 Wh kg−1, and it retained 80% capacity at the end of the 200th cycle. The cycled electrodes were observed using scanning electron microscopy, which revealed small dendrite formation and dense albeit uniform deposition of the sodium metal, helping to avoid a short-circuit of the cell and providing more cycling stability. The developed multifunctional matrix composites demonstrate promising potential for developing ambient-temperature sodium structural batteries.

Electroretinograms (ERG) are usually recorded with non-invasive corneal electrodes, requiring direct contact with the ocular surface. However, corneal electrode application is not tolerated by some individuals. The advent of handheld ERG devices has facilitated the use of skin electrodes for ERG measurements. Skin electrodes do not require corneal contact and thus enhance patient comfort, simplify the attachment process, and reduce preparation time, which is particularly beneficial for clinical psychiatric research. Nevertheless, due to the different attachment methods, ERG amplitudes recorded with skin compared to corneal electrodes are considerably smaller. However, comparative data on ERGs recorded with skin vs. corneal electrodes in psychiatric populations are currently lacking. We recorded flash electroretinograms of 57 healthy controls (HC) and 30 patients with a major depressive disorder (MDD) using both sensor strip skin and corneal electrodes with the handheld RETeval device. The significant reduction in both the amplitude and peak time of the a-wave in MDD when using sensor strip skin electrodes could not be replicated with corneal electrodes. Comparing both electrode types in HC revealed a fair correlation between sensor strip and corneal electrodes for a- and b-wave amplitudes and a moderate correlation for a- and b-wave peak times. In addition to being better tolerated, sensor strip skin electrodes appear to be more effective than corneal electrodes in detecting ERG alterations in patients with MDD when using the RETeval device, making them a promising alternative to traditional corneal electrodes.

Pitch-based activated carbon fibers, recognized for their excellent electrical conductivity, mechanical strength and durability, offer a compelling electrode alternative in the development of next-generation supercapacitors. In this review, we provide insight into the critical role of porosity in enhancing pitch-based carbon fiber performance in supercapacitors, with a focus on the processes and enhancements employed for pore introduction. The background and theoretical underpinnings for the necessity of porosity are briefly introduced, providing a rationale for the optimization of pore distribution. Moreover, the practical outcomes of these treatments are explored in supercapacitor applications, demonstrating the energy storage capabilities of pitch-based activated carbon fibers. In preparing this review, we surveyed the literature and found that pore introduction onto pitch-based carbon fibers is achieved almost solely through activation, which invites future research into alternative techniques. Additionally, it is apparent that future comparisons will benefit from the establishment of a standardized protocol for the reporting of supercapacitor performance.