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Becoming Mexipinois a social-historical interpretation of two ethnic groups, one Mexican, the other Filipino, whose paths led both groups to San Diego, California. Rudy Guevarra traces the earliest interactions of both groups with Spanish colonialism to illustrate how these historical ties and cultural bonds laid the foundation for what would become close interethnic relationships and communities in twentieth-century San Diego as well as in other locales throughout California and the Pacific West Coast.Through racially restrictive covenants and other forms of discrimination, both groups, regardless of their differences, were confined to segregated living spaces along with African Americans, other Asian groups, and a few European immigrant clusters. Within these urban multiracial spaces, Mexicans and Filipinos coalesced to build a world of their own through family and kin networks, shared cultural practices, social organizations, and music and other forms of entertainment. They occupied the same living spaces, attended the same Catholic churches, and worked together creating labor cultures that reinforced their ties, often fostering marriages. Mexipino children, living simultaneously in two cultures, have forged a new identity for themselves. Their lives are the lens through which these two communities are examined, revealing the ways in which Mexicans and Filipinos interacted over generations to produce this distinct and instructive multiethnic experience. Using archival sources, oral histories, newspapers, and personal collections and photographs, Guevarra defines the niche that this particular group carved out for itself.

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the social interactions between Filipino immigrant-hosts residing in New Zealand and their visiting relatives (VRs) or guests from the Philippines using social exchange theory to understand their experiences.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative, multi-sited study used in-depth interviews to examine social interactions between Filipino immigrant-host families in New Zealand and their respective visiting relatives from the Philippines.FindingsHosting VRs reflects aspects of social exchange theory, and the interdependence and familial obligations related to VR travel demonstrate mutual relations of care. Maintaining relations of care within the family is an ongoing process involving intergenerational relationships that bind together immigrant-host families and their VRs.Research limitations/implicationsThe conceptualization of the social interactions between immigrants-hosts and VRs is not generalizable owing to the small sample size and lack of representativeness. However, despite a small sample, this qualitative inquiry uncovered a series of personal meanings and understandings attached to the maintenance of familial bonds.Practical implicationsAs immigrant-receiving countries become more culturally diverse through migration, research about other cultures will assist tourism planners in understanding the values and actions of a more varied array of residents. A better understanding of travel experiences and interactions between immigrants and their guests may provide marketers with insights into host-guest dynamics within a VR context, thus potentially enabling tourism marketers to create better marketing campaigns.Social implicationsFuture studies may be undertaken from non-Western and Western perspectives that examine the social interactions between hosts and guests in the context of VR travel. Very little research has been conducted that addresses the meanings and understandings attached to these interactions from the perspectives of both hosting and visiting groups. This research highlights the importance of families in tourism, a contrast with the relative blindness of tourism scholarship toward relations of domesticity and sociality.Originality/valueWhat separates the social interactions between family members in the context of visiting friends and relatives travel from the traditional host-guest paradigm is that it does not involve strangers. This study uses social exchange theory to examine social interactions between hosts and guests who are familiar with each other.

This groundbreaking study explores the recent dramatic changes brought about in Japan by the influx of a non-Japanese population, Filipina brides. Lieba Faier investigates how Filipina women who emigrated to rural Japan to work in hostess bars-where initially they were widely disparaged as prostitutes and foreigners-came to be identified by the local residents as \"ideal, traditional Japanese brides.\"Intimate Encounters, an ethnography of cultural encounters, unravels this paradox by examining the everyday relational dynamics that drive these interactions. Faier remaps Japan, the Philippines, and the United States into what she terms a \"zone of encounters,\" showing how the meanings of Filipino and Japanese culture and identity are transformed and how these changes are accomplished through ordinary interpersonal exchanges. Intimate Encounters provides an insightful new perspective from which to reconsider national subjectivities amid the increasing pressures of globalization, thereby broadening and deepening our understanding of the larger issues of migration and disapora.

The dramatic growth of the Internet in recent years has provided opportunities for a host of relationships and communities-forged across great distances and even time-that would have seemed unimaginable only a short while ago. InBuilding Diaspora, Emily Noelle Ignacio explores how Filipinos have used these subtle, cyber, but very real social connections to construct and reinforce a sense of national, ethnic, and racial identity with distant others. Through an extensive analysis of newsgroup debates, listserves, and website postings, she illustrates the significant ways that computer-mediated communication has contributed to solidifying what can credibly be called a Filipino diaspora. Lively cyber-discussions on topics including Eurocentrism, Orientalism, patriarchy, gender issues, language, and \"mail-order-brides\" have helped Filipinos better understand and articulate their postcolonial situation as well as their relationship with other national and ethnic communities around the world. Significant attention is given to the complicated history of Philippine-American relations, including the ways Filipinos are racialized as a result of their political and economic subjugation to U.S. interests. As Filipinos and many other ethnic groups continue to migrate globally,Building Diasporamakes an important contribution to our changing understanding of \"homeland.\" The author makes the powerful argument that while home is being further removed from geographic place, it is being increasingly territorialized in space.

The educational institution’s knowledge comprises a mix of experiences, values, and professional insights of its teachers with diverse cultures, enabling a combination of knowledge to create new knowledge. The exchange of knowledge among teachers provides effective learning, which can become a model of knowledge-sharing that promotes knowledge creation, dissemination, and effective application. However, knowledge does not always flow easily and straightforwardly across educational domains. Nevertheless, the success of knowledge-sharing is affected by one’s behaviour to share. Apparently, a person’s behaviour is shaped by the environmental influences where he grew up with or stayed for a significant amount of time. This research administered an online survey of teacher participants across regions to capture the theoretical or conceptual model of the influences of cultural dimensions (exogenous) on knowledge-sharing intentions (endogenous) and the probability of the intentions transformed into actual knowledge-sharing behaviour (endogenous). Path analysis was employed to analyse the proposed models that exhibit causal mediation processes of relationships between cultural dimensions and knowledge-sharing intention which is also a predictor of knowledge-sharing behaviour. Findings insinuate that all cultural variables were parallel, however, this did not mean that each had the same degree of effects on knowledge-sharing intention. The results vary when the direct effect of each cultural factor was tested. Cultural orientation and beliefs are factors that affect the value of the knowledge being shared and academic institutions wield efforts in motivating their teachers to effectively participate. For knowledge-sharing to be implemented successfully, the academic institution must take into consideration the cultures and beliefs of people in the community. Further research can analyse a wider range of people in a work environment with diverse cultures which can elicit more insights into the cultural attitudes in the work environment.

The challenge to teach music from a multicultural perspective can seem overwhelming. Patricia Shehan Campbell explains why the multicultural approach is important and, with her associates Edwin Schupman, Marvelene Moore, Maria Navarro, and Ricardo Morlarios, offers ideas you can use in the general music classroom.

Pilipino Cultural Nights at American campuses have been a rite of passage for youth culture and a source of local community pride since the 1980s. Through performances-and parodies of them-these celebrations of national identity through music, dance, and theatrical narratives reemphasize what it means to be Filipino American. InThe Day the Dancers Stayed, scholar and performer Theodore Gonzalves uses interviews and participant observer techniques to consider the relationship between the invention of performance repertoire and the development of diasporic identification. Gonzalves traces a genealogy of performance repertoire from the 1930s to the present. Culture nights serve several functions: as exercises in nostalgia, celebrations of rigid community entertainment, and occasionally forums for political intervention. Taking up more recent parodies of Pilipino Cultural Nights, Gonzalves discusses how the rebellious spirit that enlivened the original seditious performances has been stifled.

Read an interview with Robyn Rodriguez. Filipino American Transnational Activism: Diasporic Politics among the Second Generation offers an account of how Filipinos born or raised in the United States often defy the multiple assimilationist agendas that attempt to shape their understandings of themselves. Despite conditions that might lead them to reject any kind of relationship to the Philippines in favor of a deep rootedness in the United States, many forge linkages to the \"homeland\" and are actively engaged in activism and social movements transnationally. Though it may well be true that most Filipino Americans have an ambivalent relationship to the Philippines, many of the chapters of this book show that other possibilities for belonging and imaginaries of \"home\" are being crafted and pursued.

The present research aims to validate the Short Grit Scale (Duckworth et al. Journal of Personality Assessment 91 :166–174, 2009 ) among a sample of university ( n  = 220) and high school students ( n  = 606) from a collectivist culture (i.e., the Philippines) using both within-network and between-network approaches to construct validation. Our results revealed interesting cross-cultural differences in grit. First, grit was comprised of two distinct dimensions rather than as a hierarchical construct. Only the perseverance of effort dimension loaded onto the higher-order grit factor. Second, perseverance of effort was more salient in predicting key psychological outcomes (i.e., academic engagement and subjective well-being) compared to consistency of interests . This suggests that in collectivist cultures, the perseverance of effort dimension of grit is more relevant compared to the consistency of interest . Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.