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Fitness equipment nowadays represent something common in human beings daily life routines. For this reason, the number of sector professionals and human resources are quantitatively and significantly increasing worldwide. This paper provides a comprehensive systematic review of the current status of scientific research on field workers in relation to the usage of fitness products and resources. The performed thematic synthesis allowed to define and sort contents into three pyramidal categories and selected keywords offered about 49 articles that have been extensively analysed: (1) owners / directors; (2) personal trainers; and (3) instructors. Discussions of each category and all the existing relationships with fitness equipment are advanced and defined. Health and sport workers must recognise the relevant contribution of these stakeholders’ characteristics in the way to maximise the role of fitness equipment in promoting leisure and healthy habits inside societies. In addition, practitioners and researchers could take advantage in deepening knowledge and education on these kinds of resources. Due to the current importance of the sector, standardization and regulation of each fitness industry work category is ready to be strengthened also under these scientific to practice points of view. Keywords: fitness directors, fitness equipment, fitness professionals, fitness workers, personal trainers

\"Food is our most powerful tool to reverse the global epidemic of chronic disease, heal the environment, reform politics, and revive economies. What we eat has tremendous implications not just for our waistlines, but also for the planet, society, and the global economy. What we do to our bodies, we do to the planet; and what we do to the planet, we do to our bodies. In Food Fix, #1 bestselling author Mark Hyman explains how our food and agriculture policies are corrupted by money and lobbies that drive our biggest global crises: the spread of obesity and food-related chronic disease, climate change, poverty, violence, educational achievement gaps, and more. Pairing the latest developments in nutritional and environmental science with an unflinching look at the dark realities of the global food system and the policies that make it possible, Food Fix is a hard-hitting manifesto that will change the way you think about -- and eat -- food forever, and will provide solutions for citizens, businesses, and policy makers to create a healthier world, society, and planet.\"--Publisher's website.

  Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar y comparar las principales tendencias fitness para el año 2022 en Colombia con los resultados de la encuesta nacional realizada el año anterior y con los rankings español e internacional para el año 2022. La información fue obtenida mediante un cuestionario online, replicando la metodología desarrollada por el Colegio Americano de Medicina del Deporte en las encuestas internacionales sobre tendencias en fitness. El cuestionario se envió a 3.100 profesionales de las diferentes regiones y departamentos de Colombia obteniéndose un total 1.800 respuestas (tasa de respuesta, 58,1%, 33,3% mujeres). Los resultados sitúan en el top 5 de tendencias en Colombia: “programas de ejercicio para niños y adolescentes”, “entrenamiento en circuito”, “entrenamiento con el peso corporal”, “entrenamiento funcional” y “programas de fitness para adultos mayores”. Se encontraron 11 coincidencias con la encuesta nacional del año anterior, con diversos cambios de posición; 12 equivalencias con el ranking español y 11 con el ranking de la encuesta internacional de 2022, así como un total de 10 tendencias coincidentes entre las tres encuestas. Los resultados obtenidos subrayan el interés por la actividad física orientada a la salud y pérdida de peso, diferentes variantes y métodos de entrenamiento de fuerza, a la vez que un destacado descenso en la relevancia de las tendencias relacionadas con el uso de la tecnología. Abstract. The aim of this research was to identify and compare the main fitness trends for the year 2022 in Colombia with the findings of the national survey conducted the previous year, and also with the Spanish and international rankings for the year 2022. The information was obtained through an online survey replicating the methodology developed by the American College of Sports Medicine in international surveys on trends in fitness. The questionnaire was sent to 3,100 professionals from different sports departments and regions of Colombia, obtaining a total of 1,800 responses (response rate of 58.1%, 33.3% female). The results place in the top 5 trends in Colombia 2022: «exercise programs for children and adolescents», «circuit training», «body weight training», «functional fitness training» and «fitness programs for older adults». Within the top 20 there are 11 trends that coincide with the national survey of the previous year, with various changes in position; 12 equivalences with the 2022 Spanish ranking and 11 with the 2022 international survey ranking, as well as a total of 10 overlapping trends among the three inquiries. The results highlight the growing interest in health-oriented physical activity and weight loss, different variants and methods of strength training, in addition to a staggering decrease in the relevance of fitness trends related to the use of technology.

Examines vintage perfume's powerful past, including reviews of more than 300 scents, with period advertisements throughout.

  El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar y comparar las principales tendencias fitness para el año 2021 en Colombia con los hallazgos de la encuesta nacional realizada el año anterior y con los rankings español e internacional del año 2021. La información fue obtenida a través de una encuesta online replicando la metodología desarrollada por el Colegio Americano de Medicina el Deporte en las encuestas internacionales sobre tendencias en fitness. El cuestionario se envió a 3.800 profesionales de distintos departamentos deportivos y de regiones de Colombia obteniéndose un total de 1700 respuestas (tasa de respuesta del 32.07%). Los resultados sitúan en el top 5 de tendencias en Colombia las “clases remotas/online”, las “apps de ejercicios”, los “programas de ejercicio para combatir la obesidad en niños y adolescentes”, los “programas de ejercicio para poblaciones con enfermedades” y los “programas fitness para adultos mayores”. Dentro del top 20 se encuentran 14 tendencias coincidentes con la encuesta nacional del año anterior, con ligeros cambios de posición; 11 equivalencias con el ranking español y 9 con el ranking de la encuesta internacional de 2021. Los resultados muestran una relevancia de la práctica de actividad física con fines orientados a la salud y el bienestar, además de un creciente interés por el uso de la tecnología en el sector del fitness. Abstract. The aim of the current study was to identify the main trends for the year 2021 in Colombia with the findings of the national survey carried out the previous year and with the Spanish and international rankings for 2021. The information was obtained through a survey online replicating the methodology developed by the American College of Sports Medicine in international surveys on trends in fitness. The questionnaire was sent to 3,800 professionals from different sports departments and regions of Colombia, obtaining a total of 1,700 responses (response rate of 32.07%). The results place in the top 5 of trends in Colombia: “online training”, “exercise apps”, “exercise programs against children and adolescent obesity”, “exercise programs for populations with diseases” and “fitness programs for older adults ”. Within the top 20 there are 14 trends that coincide with the national survey of the previous year, with slight changes in position; 11 equivalences with the Spanish ranking and 9 with the 2021 international survey ranking. The results show a relevance of the practice of physical activity for health and well-being-oriented purposes, as well as a growing interest in the use of technology in the fitness sector.

Esta es la sexta edición de las Encuestas Nacionales de Tendencias de Fitness en España, que reproducen de forma anual la metodología de las encuestas internacionales promovidas por el Colegio Americano de Medicina del Deporte (ACSM). El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar las principales tendencias en el sector del fitness español mediante la presentación de los resultados de la encuesta realizada para 2022, así como comparar los resultados con los obtenidos en las encuestas nacional e internacional de 2021. Además, también se analizó el posible impacto del COVID-19 en la incorporación de tecnología en el sector del fitness en España. La encuesta fue enviada electrónicamente a un total de 6551 profesionales relacionados con el sector del fitness recogiéndose un total 520 respuestas (tasa de respuesta de 7.9%), de las cuales un 27.3% fueron mujeres. Las cinco tendencias más relevantes para 2022 fueron, por ese orden: “contratación de profesionales certificados”, “entrenamiento funcional de fitness”, “entrenamiento personal en pequeños grupos”, “entrenamiento personal” y “programas de ejercicio y pérdida de peso”. Las tendencias en el top-20 en España para 2022 fueron muy congruentes con las de 2021, tanto en el número de coincidencias (18 tendencias comunes) como en las posiciones ocupadas (dentro del top-10 hubo 9 tendencias comunes a ambas encuestas). Al igual que en años anteriores, se produjo una mayor discrepancia entre la encuesta española para 2022 y la encuesta internacional de 2021, con sólo 13 tendencias comunes dentro del top-20 y únicamente dos coincidencias en el top-10.  Estos hallazgos vuelven a confirmar, en consonancia con ediciones anteriores, la estabilidad de las tendencias en el sector del fitness español y la progresiva divergencia con las tendencias internacionales.  Abstract. This is the sixth edition of the National Surveys of Fitness Trends in Spain, which annually reproduces the methodology of the worldwide surveys endorsed by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). The objective of this study is to identify the main trends in the Spanish fitness sector by presenting the results of the Spanish survey for 2022, as well as comparing the results with those obtained in the national and international surveys for 2021. In addition, the possible impact of COVID-19 on the incorporation of technology in the fitness sector in Spain was also analyzed. The survey was electronically sent to 6551 professionals related to the fitness sector, collecting a total of 520 responses (response rate 7.9%), of which 27.3% were women and 72.7% were men. The five most relevant trends for 2022 were, in that order: “employing certificate fitness professional”, “functional fitness training”, “personal training in small groups”, “personal training” and “exercise and weight loss programs”. The trends in the top-20 in Spain for 2022 were very congruent with those of 2021, both in the number of coincidences (18 common trends) and in the positions occupied (9 common trends within the top-10). As in previous years, there was a greater discrepancy between the Spanish survey for 2022 and the worldwide survey for 2021, with only 13 common trends within the top-20 and only two coinciding trends in the top-10. These findings confirm again, in accordance with previous editions, the stability of trends in the Spanish fitness sector and the progressive divergence with worldwide trends. 

Since 2017 the National Surveys of Fitness Trends in Spain are yearly carried out, reproducing the methodology of the worldwide surveys endorsed by the American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM). The objective of the current study is to show the findings of the fifth Spanish survey of fitness trends and identified the main trends in Spanish fitness sector for year 2021, as well as to compare its results with those got in the national and international surveys for 2020. Because of the current edition of the survey was carried out in an exceptional health situation by COVID-19, it was tried to identify its possible influence in its results. The survey was sent to 6230 professionals of the fitness sector and a total of 503 responses were collected (response rate 8.1 %). The more relevant trends for 2021year were: “exercise and weight loss”, “employing certificate fitness professional”, “personal training”, “personal training in small groups” and “functional training”. The top-20 trends in Spain for year 2021were very similar to those for year 2020 (17 coinciding trends), however with some remarkable changes in their positions, that could be explained by the COVID-19 effect. Differences are greater when trends are compared with worldwide survey (just 12 coinciding trends) with relevant differences in their positions. These findings confirm those ones found in previous editions showing rather stability in the trends in Spanish fitness sector and a progressive divergency with worldwide trends.

The global health and fitness industry is worth an estimated $4 trillion. We spend $90 billion each year on health club memberships and $100 billion each year on dietary supplements. In such an industrial climate, lax regulations on the products we are sold (supplements, fad-diets, training programs, gadgets, and garments) result in marketing campaigns underpinned by strong claims and weak evidence. Moreover, our critical faculties are ill-suited to a culture characterized by fake news, social media, misinformation, and bad science. We have become walking, talking prey to 21st-century Snake Oil salesmen. In The Skeptic's Guide to Sports Science, Nicholas B. Tiller confronts the claims behind the products and the evidence behind the claims. The author discusses what might be wrong with the sales pitch, the glossy magazine advert, and the celebrity endorsements that our heuristically wired brains find so innately attractive. Tiller also explores the appeal of the one quick fix, the fallacious arguments that are a mainstay of product advertising, and the critical steps we must take in retraining our minds to navigate the pitfalls of the modern consumerist culture. This informative and accessible volume pulls no punches in scrutinizing the plausibility of, and evidence for, the most popular sports products and practices on the market. Readers are encouraged to confront their conceptualizations of the industry and, by the book's end, they will have acquired the skills necessary to independently judge the effectiveness of sports-related products. This treatise on the commercialization of science in sport and exercise is a must-read for exercisers, athletes, students, and practitioners who hope to retain their intellectual integrity in a lucrative health and fitness industry that is spiraling out of control.

Zhizhuang Duan, Rui Zheng College of Law, Zhejiang Normal University Xingzhi College, Lanxi, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Rui Zheng, Email 18486137@qq.comAbstract: The implementation of the “Fit for Life” concept is not only related to individual physical and mental well-being and the stable development of society but also represents a critical issue for the welfare of all humanity. The Chinese government is committed to realizing this ambitious vision through the “Healthy China” initiative, with national fitness serving as a key component of this plan. In the context of expanding demand within the fitness consumption market, the Chinese fitness industry is in urgent need of high-standard development. However, despite strong national policy support, consumer disputes remains common, such as difficulties with prepaid card refunds, unfulfilled sessions due to frequent changes in personal trainers, and challenges in obtaining refunds after gym or business closures, which may be linked to the widespread use of prepaid consumption as the primary payment method. This paper examines the regulatory framework governing prepaid consumption in China’s fitness industry, employing a policy review and comparative analysis to explore local legislation across four representative regions selected for their economic significance, policy orientation, and geographical diversity. The study examines both preventive and remedial measures, revealing that while there are regional variations in the stringency of regulations, local legislation generally provides clear and comprehensive guidelines on the definition of prepaid consumption, their scope, card issuance procedures, and liability for compensation. To address common challenges such as standard-form contracts, some regions have introduced region-specific measures, including model contract templates, which have positively influenced the regulation of prepaid consumption in the fitness industry. By systematically reviewing relevant policy frameworks, this study compares their varying impacts on the fitness consumption industry. It further aims to strengthen regulatory support by improving risk prevention and enforcement efficiency for policymakers, while helping business stakeholders enhance operational stability and manage compliance costs more effectively.Keywords: fitness industry, prepaid consumption, policies, local legislation