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Monolingualism-the idea that having just one language is the norm is only a recent invention, dating to late-eighteenth-century Europe. Yet it has become a dominant, if overlooked, structuring principle of modernity. According to this monolingual paradigm, individuals are imagined to be able to think and feel properly only in one language, while multiple languages are seen as a threat to the cohesion of individuals and communities, institutions and disciplines. As a result of this view, writing in anything but one's \"mother tongue\" has come to be seen as an aberration. Beyond the Mother Tongue demonstrates the impact of this monolingual paradigm on literature and culture but also charts incipient moves beyond it. Because newer multilingual forms and practices exist in tension with the paradigm, which alternately obscures, pathologizes, or exoticizes them, this book argues that they can best be understood as \"postmonolingual\" that is, as marked by the continuing force of monolingualism. Focused on canonical and minority writers working in German in the twentieth century, Beyond the Mother Tongue examines distinct forms of multilingualism, such as writing in one socially unsanctioned \"mother tongue\" about another language (Franz Kafka); mobilizing words of foreign derivation as part of a multilingual constellation within one language (Theodor W. Adorno); producing an oeuvre in two separate languages simultaneously (Yoko Tawada); writing by literally translating from the \"mother tongue\" into another language (Emine Sevgi Ozdamar); and mixing different languages, codes, and registers within one text (Feridun Zaimoglu). Through these analyses, Beyond the Mother Tongue suggests that the dimensions of gender, kinship, and affect encoded in the \"mother tongue\" are crucial to the persistence of monolingualism and the challenge of multilingualism

Winner of the NCA Health Communication 2021 Distinguished Book Award. This book examines interpreter-mediated medical encounters and focuses primarily on the phenomenon of bilingual health care. It highlights the interactive and coordinated nature of interpreter-mediated interactions. Elaine Hsieh has put together over 15 hours of interpreter-mediated medical encounters, interview data with 26 interpreters from 17 different cultures/languages, 39 health care providers from 5 clinical specialties, and surveys of 293 providers from 5 clinical specialties. The depth and richness of the data allows for the presentation of a theoretical framework that is not restricted by language combination or clinical contexts. This will be the first book of its kind that includes not only interpreters' perspectives but also the needs and perspectives of providers from various clinical specialties. Bilingual Health Communication presents an opportunity to lay out a new theoretical framework related to bilingual health care and connects the latest findings from multiple disciplines. This volume presents future research directions that promise development for both theory and practice in the field.

Psycholinguistics – the field of science that examines the mental processes and knowledge structures involved in the acquisition, comprehension, and production of language – had a strong monolingual orientation during the first four decades following its emergence around 1950. The awareness that a large part of mankind speaks more than one language – that this may impact both on the way each individual language is used and on the thought processes of bilinguals and multilinguals, and that, consequently, our theories on human linguistic ability and its role in non-linguistic cognition are incomplete and, perhaps, false – has led to a steep growth of studies on bilingualism and multilingualism since around 1995. This textbook introduces the reader to the field of study that examines language acquisition, comprehension and production from the perspective of the bilingual and multilingual speaker. It furthermore provides an introduction to studies that investigate the implications of being bilingual on various aspects of non-linguistic cognition. The major topics covered are the development of language in children growing up in a bilingual environment either from birth or relatively soon after, late foreign language learning, and word recognition, sentence comprehension, speech production, and translation processes in bilinguals. Furthermore, the ability of bilinguals and multilinguals to generally produce language in the \"intended\" language is discussed, as is the cognitive machinery that enables this. Finally, the consequences of bilingualism and multilingualism for non-linguistic cognition and findings and views regarding the biological basis of bilingualism and multilingualism are presented. The textbook’s primary readership are students and researchers in Cognitive Psychology, Linguistics, and Applied Linguistics, but teachers of language and translators and interpreters who wish to become better informed on the cognitive and biological basis of bilingualism and multilingualism will also benefit from it. 1. Introduction. 2. Early Bilingualism and Age Effects on (First and) Second Language Learning. 3. Late Foreign Vocabulary Learning and Lexical Representation. 4. Comprehension Processes: Word Recognition and Sentence Processing. 5. Word Production and Speech Accents. 6. Language Control. 7. Cognitive Consequences of Bilingualism and Multilingualism. 8. Bilingualism and the Brain. \"Language and Cognition in Bilinguals and Multilinguals: An Introduction is much more than an introduction. The volume makes a major contribution to the field, and in spite of its accessibility it is a serious read for interested researchers and postgraduate students from different backgrounds. ... a tour de force.\" - Benedetta Bassetti, Centre for Language Learning Research, University of York, UK, in the American Journal of Psychology, Fall 2013 \"De Groot offers a comprehensive and complete state-of-the-art approach to language and multilingualism.\" - Kees de Bot, University of Groningen, The Netherlands, in the Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics \"[This book] is an important volume that provides a theoretically sophisticated, lucid, exceptionally well-written overview of the complex, interdisciplinary field of psycholinguistics. ... [The book] provides far more than its title would lead one to expect. It provides a beautifully clear blend of cutting-edge theory, a thorough and well integrated overview of important trends in the current literature, an exemplary model of critical thinking, and a sound basis for experimental analysis of thought and language. ... The author has produced a work of lasting value that should become a standard text in this important emerging specialty field.\" - James A. Moses Jr., Ph.D., Stanford University School of Medicine, USA, in PsycCRITIQUES \"This volume is a really impressive achievement and a major contribution to the field. It provides historical depth, lucid exposition and up-to-date theoretical treatment.\" - David W. Green, Ph.D., University College London, UK \"The introductory nature of the book and format of the chapters, including the introduction, methods and task, evidence and summary of the main findings provides a coherent structure making the book easy for anyone to read: bilinguals, bilingual program administrators, interpreters and bilingual teachers. The glossary, figures and references provided in the book should also encourage graduate students and researchers in the field of bilingualism and psycholinguistics to conduct future research on bilingualism.\" - Muhammad Asif Qureshi, Department of English, Northern Arizona University (NAU), Flagstaff, Arizona, USA

The aim of this study is to investigate multilingual students' identity constructions in their participation in different digital literacy practices. Theoretically, we depart from a translanguaging perspective and a social understanding of literacy from the field of New Literacy Studies. The data was constructed through qualitative interviews with eleven multilingual students in Sweden, and analysed through positioning analysis. The results show that the students use their multilingual repertoires in a variety of digital contexts for entertainment, learning, and socialising purposes. From the positioning analysis, three recurring themes emerged: positionings in relation to i. their heritage, ii. notions of 'Swedishness\", and iii. transcultural identities. However, there is a range of variations in students' approaches to their linguistic repertoires, which is further discussed in terms of identity constructions, as well as what teachers in monolingual schools settings can learn from the students' everyday digital literacy practices and identity processes.

The interactions of the Celtic-speaking communities of Southern Gaul with the Mediterranean world have intrigued commentators since antiquity. This book combines sociolinguistics and archaeology to bring to life the multilingualism and multiple identities of the region from the foundation of the Greek colony of Massalia in 600 BC to the final phases of Roman Imperial power. It builds on the interest generated by the application of modern bilingualism theory to ancient evidence by modelling language contact and community dynamics and adopting an innovative interdisciplinary approach. This produces insights into the entanglements and evolving configurations of a dynamic zone of cultural contact. Key foci of contact-induced change are exposed and new interpretations of cultural phenomena highlight complex origins and influences from the entire Mediterranean koine. Southern Gaul reveals itself to be fertile ground for considering the major themes of multilingualism, ethnolinguistic vitality, multiple identities, colonialism and Mediterraneanization.

The past and current situation in Greece regarding the refugee crisis has created educators' need to apply new educational strategies to address refugee students, such as the use of translanguaging, linguistic landscape and schoolscape as pedagogical tools. That is why the present study attempts to reveal the degree of educators' employment of practices such as translanguaging and inclusion of students' L1 in the creation of linguistic signs and how they are reflected in the schoolscape. Based on photographs and interviews gathered by eleven educators in formal and non-formal education in Greek schools, we decoded translanguaging and sign-making practices by identifying a taxonomy of different functions represented by the signs, the initiative of teachers as primary sign-makers, and the promotion of teaching Greek as L2. The study suggests that incorporating students' and teachers' translingual signs and multimodal practices in learning procedures paves a promising way to designing a competent curriculum for teaching language diversity and encouraging intercultural awareness.

The aim of this article is to generate knowledge about an MTT classroom in a Swedish elementary school and how MTT is positioned as a safe space for translanguaging. By studying a school context as a potential translanguaging space, our focus is mainly on two dimensions of space: the physical, including the material space of MTT, and the social, including safe spaces in MTT. The material is mainly from one selected Kurdish MTT classroom, in the form of field notes from lesson observations, photographs in the classroom interior, video recordings co-created with the MTT teacher. This classroom may be perceived as a space where Kurdish dominates, while being included in a Swedish-dominant school setting. This Kurdish space has borders that are physical and related to the scheduled lesson in the specific classroom. Both students and the teacher pass the door and through this shift language practices. Linguistic landscaping as a method, in combination with the collective reflection between the researcher and teacher, added another dimension to the study of MTT. Schoolscaping made language hierarchies and the language policy of the school concrete and visible.

Competence-based education is a widely implemented educational approach, but more research is needed into the relationship between transversal competences and individual disciplines. In this article, we present the results of a study focusing on how the transversal competence of multiliteracy is contextually defined in Finnish local curricula in the disciplines of mathematics and social studies. The article offers new insights into the discussion between content- and competence-based educations by introducing the concept of disciplinary contextualisation. Based on the qualitatively analysed data, four different types of disciplinary contextualisation are presented and further discussed. The study also engages with the discussion in the field of multiliteracy by offering insights into the ways in which multiliteracy is rationalised, defined, and developed in the analysed disciplines. Multiliteracy contextualisations share features, but also differences, between the disciplines, illustrating the importance of taking into account the disciplinary perspective when discussing the development of competences in basic education.

This article analyses the knowledge about linguistic and cultural diversity that is delineated in the syllabi of teacher education programmes for pre-, primary and secondary schools at two Swedish universities. A quantitative search for 14 chosen keywords preceded a closer analysis of the concepts *language* and *cultur*, when using truncation, in 192 syllabi. This showed that linguistic diversity was to a certain extent evident, mainly through the subjects Swedish and English, while for one university cultural diversity was mainly identified in the syllabi of Educational Work and English. If knowledge about linguistic and cultural diversity is limited to language subjects, and to some extent to pre-school and earlier school years, the risk is high that student teachers are not prepared to support equity in education for multilingual and non-dominant groups. Thus, we find that students studying the current Swedish teacher education programme are unlikely to be well equipped to meet the challenges related to creating equal educational opportunities for students in situations of linguistic and cultural diversity.

This book proposes a path-breaking study of the economics of multilingualism at work, proposing a systematic approach to the identification and measurement of the ways in which language skills and economic performance are related. Using the instruments of economic investigation, but also explicitly relating the analysis to the approaches to multilingualism at work developed in the language sciences, this interdisciplinary book proposes a systematic, step-by-step exploration of the issue. Starting from a general identification of the linkages between multilingualism and processes of value creation, it reviews the contributions of linguistics and economics before developing a new economic model of production in which language is taken into account. Testing of the model using data from two countries provides quantitative estimations of the influence of multilingualism on economic processes, showing that foreign language skills can make a considerable contribution to a country’s GDP. These findings have significant implications for language policy and suggest strategies helping language planners to harness market forces for increased effectiveness. A technical appendix shows how the novel technical and statistical procedures developed in this study can be generalized, and applied wherever researchers or decision makers need to identify and measure the value of multilingualism. François Grin is Professor of Economics, University of Geneva, Switzerland. Claudio Sfreddo is Professor of Economics at the University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland. François Vaillancourt is Professor of Economics, University of Montreal, Canada. List of Tables and Figures Acknowledgments Introduction Part I: The Economic Perspective on Multilingualism 1: Language at Work: Identifying the Issue 2: On the Linguistics of the Economy v. the Economics of Language 3: A Gallery of Empirical Findings 4: Foreign Language Skills and Earnings Part II: Foreign Language Skills, Foreign Language Use, and Production 5: Language Use and the Production Process 6: From Theory to Measurement 7: The Contribution of Multilingualism to Value Creation 8: Foreign Language Skills and Hiring Strategies Part III: Policy Implications and Future Prospects 9: Policy Implications 10: Multilingualism at Work: A Prospective Glance Appendix I: Language-Augmented Production Model Appendix II: Estimation Procedure and Results Appendix III: A Simple Recruitment Model Notes Bibliography Index