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Giardiasis is a protozoan disease that affects the health of animals, as well as other humans all over the world. Based on its host spectrum and genetic variability, Giardia duodenalis is classified into 8 assemblages (A–H). The present study was aimed at comparing the efficiency of the three most frequently used methods (the flotation method, the SNAP test and the ELISA assay) for the detection of giardiasis in carnivores in terms of the applicability thereof for the scientific purposes and the practicality of their application in the veterinary clinical practice. In the period from March 2020 to February 2022, a total of 173 faecal samples (141 samples collected from shelter dogs; 28 samples from pet dogs; and 6 samples from working dogs) were examined by applying the flotation method. The prevalence of Giardia duodenalis identified by the flotation method was 25 %. The SNAP test conducted with the fresh faecal samples revealed the high-level efficiency of 96 %, whereas the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) achieved the efficiency of 65 %. By applying the nested PCR method, five samples were positively tested for assemblages C and D (G. canis) by the amplification of the bg and tpi loci. The dogs from shelters which were positive for G. duodenalis were also presented with a coinfection caused by other intestinal parasites, such as Trichuris vulpis (28.0 %) and parasites from the Ancylostomatidae family (8.0 %).

Infections by gastrointestinal parasites are found in a variety of animals worldwide. For the diagnosis of such infections, the flotation method is commonly used to detect parasitic microorganisms, such as oocysts or eggs, in feces. Instead of adding a flotation solution after the final centrifugation step and using a cover slip to collect the parasites, the method using a wire loop for the recovery of the organisms has been reported as one of alternative methods. However, the recovery rates of microorganisms from the flotation method have not been analysed. In the present study, the utility of a flotation method with the use of a wire loop of 8 mm in diameter (the loop method) was evaluated using different numbers of E. tenella oocysts and Heterakis gallinarum eggs, and chicken fecal samples collected at the farms. Consequently, we found that the oocysts and eggs in tubes could be collected at a ratio of 2.00 to 3.08. Thus, our results indicate that the loop method is a simple and time saving method, implicating the application for the estimated OPG/ EPG (Oocysts/Eggs per gram) of the samples. Graphical ► Utility of a flotation method with the use of a wire loop of 8 mm in diameter was evaluated. ► E. tenella oocysts and Heterakis gallinarum eggs in tubes could be collected at a ratio of 2.00 to 3.08. ► Our results may implicate the application for the estimated OPG/ EPG of the samples as a simple and time saving method.

3D modeling was undertaken to establish the morphology, volume, and spatial distribution of the fluorite orebody, and ore grade of Jbel Tirremi located in northeastern Morocco. The ore is hosted in the intensely fractured Jurassic carbonates. The mineralization is structurally controlled because it is primarily hosted in N–S- and NNW–SSE-trending faults/fractures. Using Surpac software, the study of all boreholes was carried out to generate physical 3D and block models of the orebody and to estimate the fluorite resource and grade of the Jbel Tirremi. The total CaF 2 resource is 4.77 Mt with average grade of 28.0% CaF 2 was estimated based on geostatistical analysis (kriging). The analysis of the spatial distribution of ore and grades and the geotechnical study show that the open-pit mining would maximize the exploitation of the mine. The geochemical data revealed that the fluorite mineralization is of high quality, with good grades reaching up 97.5% of CaF 2 and very low concentrations of impurities. The wide range of grades of the Tirremi fluorspar determines the feasibility of the mining project and allows for its use in various industrial applications. Flotation method would be the best ore extraction method that maximizes the recovery of ore and remove the impurities. Based on the data of this study, the Tirremi ore deposit will be one of Morocco’s most important fluorite producers.

Shale reservoirs are one of the unconventional reservoirs that a large volume of hydrocarbon reserves have remained in these reservoirs. Thereby, proper measurement of reservoir characteristics will help to provide an economical and efficient required water as water scarcity has always been a significant challenge throughout recent decades. In this study, eight different production wells in the same formation were selected to consider the required freshwater and reused water for each well as a comparative analysis. According to the results of this study, the percentage of saved water from hydraulic fracturing flow-back water is approximately 85%. Therefore, it only needs 15% of freshwater to continue fracturing process each day, and photo-Fenton and floatation would be an excellent method to remove solids and chemicals from flow-back water. Furthermore, the percentage of saved water from water flooding processes and chemical enhanced oil recovery methods is approximately 70% and 75%, respectively. Therefore, it only needs 30% and 25% of freshwater to continue water flooding processes and chemical enhanced oil recovery methods each day. The approximate total volume of annual saved water is 104 MM m3 in which 1000 inhabitants could be still alive, and it will not be necessary to use the extreme volume of sweet water for hydrocarbon production.

Zooplankton in temporary waters produces resting stages to survive recurrent dry periods. Branchiopod crustaceans (i.e., cladocerans, large branchiopods) overcome these periods in the form of resting eggs buried in the sediment. Examining the diversity in the resting egg banks allows for a more accurate estimation of biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems than looking only at the active communities. The isolation of resting eggs from the sediment may be achieved by the sugar flotation method, which usually results in higher density and diversity than untreated samples (i.e., incubated in the sediment). We tested the effect of sugar isolation and centrifugation on the hatching success of resting eggs already isolated from sediment in order to reveal any direct effects on hatching success. We used four different branchiopod species, Daphnia magna, Moina brachiata, Branchinecta orientalis, and Triops cancriformis. Although we hypothesised that osmotic stress caused by sugar and centrifuging influence the hatching success either positively (e.g., faster activation as a response to osmotic changes) or negatively (destroyed by centrifugation), we found no significant difference either in the timing or rate of hatching between centrifuged and non-centrifuged eggs. Once the eggs are exposed to light and/or oxygen availability by being removed from the sediment, the centrifugation process does not have any additional effect on their hatching. Regardless of treatment, we found a significant difference in the hatching timing in the two major groups, with large branchiopods hatching earlier than cladocerans. We found that the sugar flotation method itself does not influence the hatching fraction of branchiopod resting eggs (implying no adverse effect on their viability) and its success in enhancing hatching can be attributed to its efficiency in removing eggs from the sediment.

Copper oxide ore is an important copper ore resource. For a certain copper oxide ore in Yunnan, China, experiments have been conducted on the grinding fineness, collector dosage, sodium sulfide dosage, inhibitor dosage, and activator dosage. The results showed that, by controlling the above conditions, better sulfide flotation indices of copper oxide ore are obtained. Additionally, ammonium bicarbonate and ethylenediamine phosphate enhanced the sulfide flotation of copper oxide ore, whereas the combined activator agent exhibited a better performance than either individual activator. In addition, to optimize all of the conditions in a more reasonable way, a combination of the 5-11-1 genetic algorithm and back propagation neural network (GA–BPNN) was used to set up a mathematical optimization model. The results of the back propagation neural network (BPNN) model showed that the R2 value was 0.998, and the results were in accordance with the requirement model. After 4169 iterations, the error in the objective function was 0.001, which met the convergence requirements for the final solution. The genetic algorithm (GA) model was used to optimize the BPNN model. After 100 generations, a copper recovery of 87.62% was achieved under the following conditions: grinding fineness of 0.074 mm, which accounted for 91.7%; collector agent dosage of 487.7 g/t; sodium sulfide dosage of 1157.2 g/t; combined activator agent dosage of 537.8 g/t; inhibitor dosage of 298.9 g/t. Using the combined amine and ammonium salt to enhance the sulfide activation efficiency, a GA–BPNN model was used to achieve the goal of global optimizations of copper oxide ore and good flotation indices were obtained.

肠道寄生虫病是人兽共患病，不仅危害自然状态下的野生动物健康，影响野生动物种群发展，还能通过多种途径向人类传播。为了解北京市野生有蹄类动物肠道寄生虫感染情况，采集北京市云蒙山和雾灵山自然保护区狍（Capreolus pygargus）粪便样品，采用饱和食盐水漂浮法和分子生物学鉴定方法进行肠道寄生虫检测。结果显示：饱和食盐水漂浮法检测到云蒙山和雾灵山自然保护区狍肠道寄生虫阳性感染率分别为61.29%和85.71%，共检测到球虫（Coccidia sp.）、吸虫（Trematoda sp.）、细颈线虫（Nematodirus sp.）和鞭虫（Trichuris sp.）4种肠道寄生虫虫卵、卵囊或包囊，云蒙山狍感染率分别为61.29%、22.58%、12.90%和0，雾灵山狍感染率分别为76.19%、9.52%、4.76%和4.76%。感染强度分析结果显示，雾灵山狍粪便样品中肠道寄生虫虫卵、卵囊或包囊的感染强度较高。对有蹄类动物4种常见肠道寄生虫的分子鉴定显示，云蒙山和雾灵山自然保护区狍肠道寄生虫阳性总感染率分别为22.58%和19.05%，云蒙山狍普通圆线虫（Strongylus vulgaris）、毛圆属线虫（Trichostrongylus sp.）、隐孢子虫（Cryptosporidium sp.）和十二指肠贾第虫（Giardia duodenalis）的感染率分别为3.23%、16.13%、3.23%和0，雾灵山狍感染率分别为9.52%、0、0和9.52%。调查显示，北京市云蒙山和雾灵山自然保护区狍肠道寄生虫感染率较高，应及时采取有效措施，加强对野生动物肠道寄生虫病的防控，研究结果为北京市自然保护区野生动物肠道寄生虫病的防治提供了参考。

This paper examines the impact of market liquidity on seasoned equity offerings (SEO) characteristics in France. We find that, besides blockholders' takeup, liquidity is an important determinant of SEO flotation method choice. We document higher direct equity offering flotation costs, but also improved stock market liquidity after public offerings and standby rights relative to uninsured rights. After controlling for endogeneity in the choice of SEO flotation method, we find that pure public offerings and standby rights are comparable in terms of direct costs and liquidity improvement. Our results provide new insights as to why firms choose public offerings despite apparently higher costs.

The study of collembolan communities from the Vîşcăuți canyon in Moldova revealed 63 species belonging to 41 genera and 12 families, including four species new for the fauna of the Republic of Moldova. A checklist of collembolan species identified in the five calcareous canyons sampled so far in Moldova is included, with data on habitats, life form, occurrence and comments of distribution of most remarkable species. Of the 98 recognized species of these calcareous canyons, only 38 were shared by Vîşcăuți and the other canyons. The richness of calcareous habitats together with the high heterogeneity in faunal composition suggests that further significant increase in the species richness of the region may be expected.

Four labrador male puppies were confirmed for the Isospora spp infection by direct smear and flotation method following complains of anorexia, haematemesis and haematochezia. The puppies were treated with trimethoprime and sulphamethoxazole @ 40 mg/kg body weight in combination with metronidazole @ 10 mg/kg body weight twice daily for 5 days which was supported with fluid therapy, aniemetics and plasma expanders. All the animals showed completed clinical recovery along with clearing of faecal oocyst.