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Energy storage and conversion is a very important link between the steps of energy production and energy consumption. Traditional fossil fuels are a natural and unsustainable energy storage medium with limited reserves and notorious pollution problems, therefore demanding a better choice to store and utilize the green and renewable energies in the future. Energy and environmental problems require a clean and efficient way of using the fuels. Fuel cell functions to efficiently convert oxidant and chemical energy accumulated in the fuel directly into DC electric, with the by-products of heat and water. Fuel cells, which are known as effective electrochemical converters, and electricity generation technology has gained attention due to the need for clean energy, the limitation of fossil fuel resources and the capability of a fuel cell to generate electricity without involving any moving mechanical part. The fuel cell technologies that received high interest for commercialization are polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The optimum efficiency for the fuel cell is not bound by the principle of Carnot cycle compared to other traditional power machines that are generally based on thermal cycles such as gas turbines, steam turbines and internal combustion engines. However, the fuel cell applications have been restrained by the high cost needed to commercialize them. Researchers currently focus on the discovery of different materials and manufacturing methods to enhance fuel cell performance and simplify components of fuel cells. Fuel cell systems’ designs are utilized to reduce the costs of the membrane and improve cell efficiency, durability and reliability, allowing them to compete with the traditional combustion engine. In this review, we primarily analyze recent developments in fuel cells technologies and up-to-date modeling for PEMFCs, SOFCs and DMFCs.

This paper presents an overview of the status and future prospects of fuel-cell electric vehicles (FC-EVs). As global concerns about emissions escalate, FC-EVs have emerged as a promising substitute for traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. This paper discusses the fundamentals of fuel-cell technology considering the major types of fuel cells that have been researched and delves into the most suitable fuel cells for FC-EV applications, including comparisons with mainstream vehicle technologies. The present state of FC-EVs, ongoing research, and the challenges and opportunities that need to be accounted for are discussed. Furthermore, the comparison between promising proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technologies used in EVs provides valuable insights into their respective strengths and challenges. By synthesizing these aspects, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding and facilitate decision-making for future advancements in sustainable FC-EV transportation, thereby contributing to the realization of a cleaner, greener, and more environmentally friendly future.

This paper presents an overview of the status and prospects of fuel cell electric vehicles (FC-EVs) for grid integration. In recent years, renewable energy has been explored on every front to extend the use of fossil fuels. Advanced technologies involving wind and solar energy, electric vehicles, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) are becoming more popular for grid support. With recent developments in solid oxide fuel cell electric vehicles (SOFC-EVs), a more flexible fuel option than traditional proton-exchange membrane fuel cell electric vehicles (PEMFC-EVs), the potential for vehicle-to-grid (V2G)’s implementation is promising. Specifically, SOFC-EVs can utilize renewable biofuels or natural gas and, thus, they are not limited to pure hydrogen fuel only. This opens the opportunity for V2G’s implementation by using biofuels or readily piped natural gas at home or at charging stations. This review paper will discuss current V2G technologies and, importantly, compare battery electric vehicles (BEVs) to SOFC-EVs for V2G’s implementation and their impacts.

Embark on a transformative journey with Professor Felice E. Corcione's groundbreaking book, where environmental consciousness meets cutting-edge technology in mobility. Delving deep into the intricate relationship between mobility and the environment, Corcione offers insightful analyses of pollutants and lays the groundwork for sustainable practices. At the heart of Corcione's narrative lies the transformative potential of hydrogen, drawing inspiration from celestial phenomena and scientific innovation. With a focus on hydrogen's energy density and versatile applications in fuel cells, Corcione presents innovative solutions for sustainable transportation without compromising performance. Join Corcione and colleagues as they discuss pressing environmental challenges and chart a course towards a greener future. This book is more than just a read-it's a call to action to embrace \"green mobility\" and contribute to a sustainable future. Join the expedition towards zero-emission transportation and environmental stewardship. \"This work is designed to outline a proposal for the rebirth of the planet in the name of renewable energy and a circular economy model affecting every economic sector-from agriculture and manufacturing to transportation.\" --Prisco Piscitelli, epidemiologist, Vice-president of the Italian Society of Environmental Medicine.

Evolutionary economic geographers propose that regional diversification is a pathdependent process whereby industries grow out of pre-existing industrial structures through technologically related localised knowledge spillovers and learning. This article examines whether this also applies to emerging radical technologies that create the foundation for new industries. The article develops a new measure for technological relatedness between the knowledge base of a region and that of a radical technology based on patent classes. It demonstrates that emerging fuel cell technology develops where the regional knowledge base is technologically related to that of fuel cells and consequently confirms the evolutionary thesis.

Over the past few years, the rapid growth of air traffic and the associated increase in emissions have created a need for sustainable aviation. Motivated by these challenges, this paper explores how a 50-passenger regional aircraft can be hybridized to fly with the lowest possible emissions in 2040. In particular, the use of liquid hydrogen in this aircraft is an innovative power source that promises to reduce CO2 and NOx emissions to zero. Combined with a fuel-cell system, the energy obtained from the liquid hydrogen can be used efficiently. To realize a feasible concept in the near future considering the aspects of performance and security, the system must be hybridized. In terms of maximized aircraft sustainability, this paper analyses the flight phases and ground phases, resulting in an aircraft design with a significant reduction in operating costs. Promising technologies, such as a wingtip propeller and electric green taxiing, are discussed in this paper, and their potential impacts on the future of aviation are highlighted. In essence, the hybridization of regional aircraft is promising and feasible by 2040; however, more research is needed in the areas of fuel-cell technology, thermal management and hydrogen production and storage.

A proton exchange membrane (PEM) is one of the most critical and expensive components in a dual‐chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) that separates the anode and cathode chambers. The novel macroporous kaolin earthenware coated with polybenzimidazole (NKE‐PBI) fabricated in this study could become an alternative to PEM membranes. Briefly, PBI powder was dissolved in dimethylacetamide. Thereafter, NKE was fabricated at different porosities (10%, 20%, and 30%) using different starch powder volumes, which acted as pore‐forming agents. The NKE‐PBI with 30 vol% starch powder content produced the highest power output of 2450 ± 25 mW m−2 (10.50 A m−2) and internal resistance of 71 ± 19 Ω under batch mode operation. The MFC–PEM reactor generated the lowest power output at the highest internal resistance of up to 1300 ± 15 mW m−2 (3.7 A m−2) and 313 ± 16 Ω, respectively. In this study, the nonselective porous NKE coated with PBI membranes improved proton conduction activity and displayed comparable power performance with that of Nafion 117 in a dual‐chambered MFC. Therefore, a porous earthenware membrane coated with a proton conductor could become a potential separator in a scaled‐up MFC system for commercialization. A novel macroporous kaolin earthenware coated with polybenzimidazole (NKE‐PBI) fabricated in this study, shows the potential to become an alternative for the PEM membrane. The nonselective porous NKE coated with PBI membranes showed improvement in proton conduction activity. Therefore, a porous earthenware membrane coated with a proton conductor could become a potential separator in a scale‐up MFC system for commercialisation.

The global shipping industry is transitioning toward decarbonization, with hydrogen-powered vessels emerging as a key solution to meet international emission reduction targets, particularly the IMO’s goal of reducing emissions by 50% by 2050. As a zero-emission fuel, hydrogen aligns with international regulations such as the IMO’s greenhouse gas reduction strategy, the MARPOL Convention, and regional policies like the EU’s Emissions Trading System. Despite regulatory support and advancements in hydrogen fuel cell technology, challenges remain in hydrogen storage, fuel cell integration, and operational safety. Currently, high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage is the most viable option, but its spatial and safety limitations must be addressed. Alternative storage methods, including cryogenic liquid hydrogen, organic liquid hydrogen carriers, and metal hydride storage, hold potential for application but still face technical and integration barriers. Overcoming these challenges requires continued innovation in vessel design, fuel cell technology, and storage systems, supported by comprehensive safety standards and regulations. The successful commercialization of hydrogen-powered vessels will be instrumental in decarbonizing global shipping and achieving climate goals.

INTRODUCTION: To set the stage by highlighting the convergence of hydrogen vehicles and smart mobility as a significant development in transportation. It discusses the potential of hydrogen vehicles powered by fuel cells to address environmental challenges and emphasizes the role of smart mobility initiatives in optimizing transportation systems. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the main research themes related to fuel-cell hydrogen vehicles and smart mobility, focusing on productivity, impact, and content. METHODS: Using bibliometric methodologies, techniques and tools, this research analyzes the main research themes, pursuant to its productivity, impact and contents according to the literature available in Scopus. To this end, all the documents related to fuel-cell hydrogen vehicles and smart mobility were retrieved and analyzed (610 publications, with 19,494 cites, from 1992 to 2023) using VOSviewer. RESULTS: In terms of bibliometric performance, the volume of literature pertaining to research on hydrogen vehicles and smart mobility has exhibited a significant surge in recent years (1992–2023). Given the substantial number of publications and citations garnered in this domain, it is anticipated that interest will continue to escalate, thereby bolstering other knowledge domains such as sustainable development, climate change, fuel cell technologies, connectivity, and beyond. CONCLUSION: The importance of various factors in the context of hydrogen vehicles and smart mobility cannot be overstated. Sustainable development stands as a guiding principle, ensuring that advancements in transportation align with environmental preservation and societal well-being.

Cyanide compounds are hazardous compounds which are extremely toxic to living organisms, especially free cyanide in the form of hydrogen cyanide gas (HCN) and cyanide ion (CN−). These cyanide compounds are metabolic inhibitors since they can tightly bind to the metals of metalloenzymes. Anthropogenic sources contribute significantly to CN− contamination in the environment, more specifically to surface and underground waters. The treatment processes, such as chemical and physical treatment processes, have been implemented. However, these processes have drawbacks since they generate additional contaminants which further exacerbates the environmental pollution. The biological treatment techniques are mostly overlooked as an alternative to the conventional physical and chemical methods. However, the recent research has focused substantially on this method, with different reactor configurations that were proposed. However, minimal attention was given to the emerging technologies that sought to accelerate the treatment with a subsequent resource recovery from the process. Hence, this review focuses on the recent emerging tools that can be used to accelerate cyanide biodegradation. These tools include, amongst others, electro-bioremediation, anaerobic biodegradation and the use of microbial fuel cell technology. These processes were demonstrated to have the possibility of producing value-added products, such as biogas, co-factors of neurotransmitters and electricity from the treatment process.