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Purpose - The major marine functional zoning plan (MMFZP) and marine functional zoning (MFZ) are two important kinds of marine spatial planning (MSP) in China. Their developing and implementation are integral to rational marine utilization and sustainable marine development. The purpose of this research is to study how these two kinds of MSP work in coordination in China. Design/methodology/approach - This paper reviewed the present status of MSP research in China and abroad and presented a comparative study of the MMFZP and MFZ from different aspects, analyzing the relationship between the two. Findings - The study found obvious differences between the MMFZP and MFZ, with respect to their concept and connotation, purpose and goal, as well as zoning methods and zoning functions. MFZ provides reference with respect to data, zoning methods and partial zoning results for the MMFZP, which in turn takes measures for addressing issues faced by MFZ and promotes the national MSP work. Originality/value - In the process of developing and implementing the two zoning plans, this paper emphasizes the necessity to strengthen data sharing, reference of zoning techniques and coordination in zoning work, which will help to improve China's marine spatial management.

Land space is the carrier of human production, living activities, and ecological civilization construction. How to promote the orderly, moderate, and sustainable development and utilization of land space is a scientific problem to be solved. As a key element in China’s spatial planning, the quantitative analysis of spatial pattern and functional zoning has become a focus of China’s current development. Based on the analysis of land space symbiosis development, this study takes Henan province as the case study; appropriate indicators were selected from the perspective of “production-living-ecological” functions (PLEFs) index that was developed including three subsystems of the production function, living function, and ecological function. The entropy weight method and geographic information system (GIS) spatial method were used to analyze the PLEF status and spatial pattern in Henan province. The PLEF score showed a certain geographical pattern, where in the southwestern areas of Henan province have higher PLEFs than that in the northeastern areas. The PLEFs have an obvious positive correlation in the spatial distribution by spatial correlation analysis. In addition, this study designs a three-dimensional magic cube evaluation model to analyze the symbiotic function type of land space. The results indicated that the PLEFs of Henan province were classified into 13 symbiotic function types of areas, which can better reflect the spatial differentiation characteristics. Moreover, we proposed paths to promote the development and management of each type function area.

The paper discusses options for tourist development of the Altai-Sayan region. For this purpose, a comparison is made between the current state of tourism and sustainable development of tourism. This makes it possible to propose five stages for the strategy of sustainable tourism development in the Altai-Sayan mountain region. The preservation of biodiversity and ethnic characteristics of the territory underlie the ethnoecological type of tourism, being the most consistent with the principles of sustainable development and promising in the studied mountain region. Functional zoning is considered as an important method for balancing and optimizing environmental management. It is proposed to use the landscape-adaptive principle as a basis for spatial planning of tourist service in the mountainous region. The spatial elements of the tourist network of the mountain region were analyzed. This made it possible to reveal the predominance of the linear structure in connection with the mountain-valley relief. There are also examples of radiation, dispersion, focal and linear-perpendicular structures of tourist networks. This allowed highlighting the priorities of tourist development for different territories. Functional zoning of the Altai-Sayan region with the identification of priorities in the development of the territory was proposed. This allowed identifying the spatial distribution of areas of intensive tourist use and areas of nature preservation and ecotourism. In addition, zones of weak economic development were identified with a predominance of tourist routes, as well as those of medium economic development with local tourist centers.

Existing national park zoning studies exhibits significant gaps in integrating ecological sensitivity, tourism resource potential, and particularly the spatiotemporal dynamics of human activities. Against the backdrop of the Qinghai Lake National Park, which encompasses China’s largest inland saltwater lake and serves as the core tourism region of Qinghai Province, this study develops a tri-dimensional evaluation framework of “place, people and things”, where “place”—a multi-factors ecological sensitivity analysis, “people”—Mobile-data-based Active Population Estimation (MAPE) for spatiotemporal behavioral analysis and “things”—a comprehensive tourism resource potential assessment, and ultimately achieve functional zoning through multi-dimensional superposition. Key findings indicate that the overall ecological sensitivity of the basin is relatively high, with highly sensitive and extremely sensitive areas account for 46.24% of the total study area. Tourism potential has a highly uneven distribution, with limited-potential zones covering 42.90% of the basin, while top-level potential areas constitute merely 0.60%. Based on the integrated analysis, a refined five-zone functional system is proposed: strict protection zone, harmonious transition zone, innovative development zone, rational development zone, and stable maintenance zone, while the latter three account for less than 6%, revealing an extreme scarcity of “low ecological sensitivity, high tourism potential, and high tourist flow” areas. Each zone is coupled with differentiated control measures. This research provide quantitative support for the delineation of ecological protection redlines and sustainable tourism planning in Qinghai Lake National Park.

Limited public understanding of zoning changes and property burdens, such as construction restrictions and red lines, poses a significant challenge to effective territorial planning in Latvian municipalities. This lack of transparency often results in reduced civic participation and public trust, ultimately hindering sustainable urban development. To address these issues, the study aims to develop an innovative, interactive, data-driven, and transferable digital framework aimed at enhancing public understanding and participation in territorial planning. A mixed-methods approach is employed, combining document analysis of territorial planning materials with an assessment of public engagement data. A pilot case study in Riga illustrates the framework’s usability and relevance. Results suggest that the proposed framework significantly improves citizens’ understanding of zoning regulations and associated property burdens, encourages earlier participation in planning decisions, and contributes to more equitable urban development. The study recommends broader adoption of the framework across Latvian municipalities to strengthen transparency, safeguard property rights, and align planning outcomes with community needs.

Although the research framework of ecological function zoning is complex and diverse, there are not many spatially continuous zoning results, which can be effectively applied to watershed management practices. Ecosystem service bundles and trade-offs can identify interactions among multiple ecosystem services, and achieve better social-ecosystem management when applying to ecological function zoning. Taking the Dongjiang Lake Basin, China, as research area, the study used the InVEST model to investigate the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services at township and grid scales, respectively. Then, the study conducted ecological function zoning based on the bundles and trade-off intensity among ecosystem services. The results showed that food production showed extremely significant trade-offs with other services in the two scales, in which the trade-off intensity between food production and water purification was the largest, and the water areas were the hotspots of trade-off intensity. Based on the ecosystem service bundles at the township, combined with the trade-off intensity, the watershed was finally divided into four ecological functional zones, namely, agricultural product supply area (southern part in the study area), economic forestry area (northeast regions in the study area), water supply area (western areas of the study area), and forest conservation area (northern areas in the study area), accounting for 29.27%, 14.63%, 17.07%, and 39.03%, respectively. The study contributed to the ecological function maintenance and sustainable development in Dongjiang Lake Basin and provided an important reference in ecological zoning.

The forecasting of charging demand for electric vehicles (EVs) plays a vital role in maintaining grid stability and optimizing energy distribution. Therefore, an innovative method for the prediction of EV charging load demand is proposed in this study to address the downside of the existing techniques in capturing the spatial–temporal heterogeneity of electric vehicle (EV) charging loads and predicting the charging demand of electric vehicles. Additionally, an innovative method of electric vehicle charging load demand forecasting is proposed, which is based on the weighted measurement fusion unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of forecasting. First, the data collected from OpenStreetMap and Amap are used to analyze the distribution of urban point-of-interest (POI), to accurately classify the functional areas of the city, and to determine the distribution of the urban road network, laying a foundation for modeling. Second, the travel chain theory was applied to thoroughly analyze the travel characteristics of EV users. The Improved Floyd (IFloyd) algorithm is used to determine the optimal route. Also, a Monte Carlo simulation is performed to estimate the charging load for electric vehicle users in a specific region. Then, a weighted measurement fusion UKF (WMF–UKF) state estimator is introduced to enhance the accuracy of prediction, which effectively integrates multi-source data and enables a more detailed prediction of the spatial–temporal distribution of load demand. Finally, the proposed method is validated comparatively against traffic survey data and the existing methods by conducting a simulation experiment in an urban area. The results show that the method proposed in this paper is applicable to predict the peak hours more accurately compared to the reference method, with the accuracy of first peak prediction improved by 53.53% and that of second peak prediction improved by 23.23%. The results not only demonstrate the high performance of the WMF–UKF prediction model in forecasting peak periods but also underscore its potential in supporting grid operations and management, which provides a new solution to improving the accuracy of EV load demand forecasting.

Reservoir ecosystems are under increasing pressure from ecological degradation and land-use conflict. This study proposes an integrated framework combining ecosystem service (ES) evaluation, trade-off analysis, and service bundling to support ecological functional zoning in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Area, a key water source in China. Six ESs were assessed from 2010 to 2023, revealing spatial heterogeneity and rising trends in water- and climate-related services. Over time, ES interactions shifted from trade-off dominance to synergy, indicating improved ecological coordination. Cluster analysis identified two ES bundles in 2010 and four stable bundles after 2015. Based on bundle composition and inter-service dynamics, four functional zones were delineated: regulation protection, restoration priority, agricultural production core, and water yield–conservation core. These zones reflect dominant ES structures and offer a practical basis for differentiated, adaptive ecosystem management in reservoir regions. The proposed method provides a transferable tool for ecological zoning in data-rich reservoir watersheds, offering new insights for adaptive ecosystem governance.

Exploring the spatial zoning of urban territories and their ecological effects under different decision preferences is an important approach to promote the sustainable utilization of regional resources. This paper constructs an index system for evaluating the suitability of territorial space development from the perspectives of urban development, agricultural production, and ecological conservation. It predicts and simulates the trade-offs between territorial space development and protection in Ezhou under different decision preferences using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) method. The modified equivalent factor method is used to analyze the ecosystem service values of different functional areas. The results indicate the following: (1) the preferences of decision-makers considerably influence the level of territorial space suitability. Higher (lower) levels of concern for risk result in more optimistic (pessimistic) evaluators, and this affects the priority given to ecological protection (development and utilization). (2) Under the ecological priority scenario, the status quo scenario and development priority scenario, there are significant differences in regional suitability levels. The ecological priority scenario gives high importance to ecological protection, resulting in the absolute protection of the Liangzi lake area, with 42.59% of Liangzihu district considered unsuitable for development. In contrast, the development orientation scenario designates Echeng district, an economic and political center, as highly suitable for development, with over 60% of the area available for development. (3) The total value of ecosystem services in Ezhou city was 213.355 billion yuan in 2018. Ecosystem service values were mainly provided by the water area in the permanently unsuitable development zone, leading to a mismatch between the supply and demand of ecosystem services under different scenarios.