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Herein, binary and ternary MOF/carbon based composites (MOF/Carbon nitride/Graphene oxide) (novel binary (NH2-MIL-88B(Fe)/g-C3N4) (MOF/Carbon nitride) and ternary (NH2-MIL-88B(Fe)/g-C3N4/GO) (MOF/Carbon nitride/Graphene oxide) composites) were synthesized and used as photocatalysts for the elimination of Direct Red 23 (D-Red23) and Tetracycline Hydrochloride (TC-H). NH2-MIL-88B(Fe)/g-C3N4/GO (MILB/g/GO) ternary composites with three different amounts of GO including 3, 7, and 11 ​wt% were synthesized and denoted as MILB/g/(3%)GO, MILB/g/(7%)GO, and MILB/g/(11%)GO. g-C3N4 and GO (with three different amounts 3, 7, and 11 ​wt%) were incorporated to synthesize MILB/g/(3%)GO, MILB/g/(7%)GO and MILB/g/(11%)GO ternary composites. Several analyses were used to characterize the materials. The MILB/g/(3%)GO demonstrated the highest pollutant degradation efficiency. The degradation rate of dye and Tetracycline after 70 ​min of light radiation using MILB/g/(3%)GO in a photo-Fenton-like reaction was about 99% and 96%, respectively. The creation of a heterojunction structure using g-C3N4, and the simultaneous incorporation of the optimum amount of GO led to a remarkable amelioration in photocatalytic properties and the extraordinary performance of MILB/g/(3%)GO in the pollutants degradation process.

An economic and effective Pt-based alloy cocatalyst has attracted considerable attention due to their excellent catalytic activity and reducing Pt usage. In this study, PtNi alloy cocatalyst was successfully decorated on the g-C 3 N 4 /GO hybrid photocatalyst via a facile chemical reduction method. The Eosin Y-sensitized g-C 3 N 4 /PtNi/GO-0.5% composite photocatalyst yields about 1.54 and 1178 times higher hydrogen evolution rate than the Eosin Y-sensitized g-C 3 N 4 /Pt/GO-0.5% and g-C 3 N 4 /Ni/GO-0.5% samples, respectively. Mechanism of enhanced performance for the g-C 3 N 4 /PtNi/GO composite was also investigated by different characterization, such as photoluminescence, transient photocurrent response, and TEM. These results indicated that enhanced charge separation efficiency and more reactive sites are responsible for the improved hydrogen evolution performance due to the positive synergetic effect between Pt and Ni. This study suggests that PtNi alloy can be used as an economic and effective cocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. Graphical abstract A significant enhancement of photocatalytic H 2 evolution is realized over the Eosin Y-sensitized g-C 3 N 4 /PtNi/GO composite with PtNi alloy as an efficient cocatalyst.