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Electrical resistivity (Geoelectrical) methods are well-known and common techniques for investigating the groundwater potential zone. These methods are economically viable and have the highest resolving power compared with other geophysical methods. A total of fifteen Vertical electrical soundings were conducted in the village of Banauli, located in Singrauli district in Madhya Pradesh, India. Vertical electrical sounding was carried out using Schlumberger electrode configuration with the maximum current electrode (AB) spacing of 200 m and potential electrode (MN) spacing of 10 m. For interpretation of measured resistivity, the Partial curve matching technique was used to calculate the layer parameters (resistivity and thickness) and further depict the depth section of the profile. In this study, the maximum five-layer model is obtained, and most curves are of HAK types. The first layer has a mean resistivity value of 12.41 Ωm and a mean thickness of 0.94 m. The second layer has mean resistivity of 7.93 Ωm and a mean thickness of 4.79 m. The third layer has a mean thickness value of 10.55 m and a mean resistivity value of 16.54 Ωm. The fourth layer has a mean resistivity value of 20.17 Ωm and a mean thickness of 9.20 m, and finally, the fifth layer, the bedrock, has a higher mean resistivity value of 59.92 Ωm. Thus, the obtained results may be used for identifying the drilling site for the groundwater potential zone.

Contamination of surrounding environments is one of the threats to the proper maintenance of municipal waste sites in developing nations. This study integrates natural electromagnetic (EM) field and geoelectrical sounding methods to assess the leachate’s pathways in the near-surface layers and groundwater system in and around an active dumpsite. Five natural EM traverses were obtained in varying orientations using PQWT-TC 150 model. Fifteen vertical electrical sounding (VES) data points were randomly occupied using SAS 4000 ABEM resistivity meter. The two techniques revealed some intercalations of conductive and resistive media in the study area. The conductive media are composed of mixtures of leachates into clay and groundwater units, thereby creating zones of very low electrical potential differences from the surface to a depth beyond 30 m. A zone of leachate-aquifer’s interphase exists between the third layer and the fourth layer. The directions of the fluid flow are in the S–N and SE–NW trends, which could be linked to the fault towards the northwestern part of the study area. The fluid dynamics, however, justified the reason for the thick conductive materials being mapped at the northwestern and northern parts of the study area. Article Highlights An attempt was made to use the frequency selection method (FSM) in environmental study. There is a synergy between the FSM results and the geoelectrical sounding results. The depths of leachate’s mixing into the aquiferous units varied from 4.0 to 30.0 m.

The aquifers of the Spanish Mediterranean coast are generally subjected to intense exploitation to meet the growing water supply demands. The result of the exploitation is salinization due to the marine saltwater intrusion, causing a deterioration in the quality of the water pumped, limiting its use for community needs, and not always being well delimited. To prevent deterioration, a groundwater control network usually allows precise knowledge of the areas affected by saltwater intrusion but not the extent of the saline plumes. Moreover, the characterization of aquifer systems requires a model that defines the geometry of aquifer formations. For this objective, we integrated hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical, and electrical resistivity subsoil data to establish a hydrogeological model of the coastal aquifer of Torredembarra (Tarragona, NE Spain). In this research, we have carried out a regional and local-scale study of the aquifer system to define the areas prone to being affected by saline intrusion (electrical resistivity values below 10 Ω·m). The obtained results could be used as a support tool for the assessment of the most favorable areas for groundwater withdrawal, as well as enabling the control and protection of the most susceptible areas to be affected by saltwater intrusion.

The hydraulic characteristics of aquifers in Lokoja and Patti Formations were investigated using combination of vertical electrical sounding (VES), pumping and laboratory tests. A total of 20 VES (10 each in areas underlain by Lokoja and Patti Formations) were carried out at different locations with 5 pumping tests around VES stations in order to determine the geoelectric layers, thickness, depths to water table and groundwater potential of the area. 21 samples extracted fromaquiferous units of surface outcrops were also subjected to laboratory constant head and falling head permeameter tests in order to determine hydraulic conductivity (K) values using the Darcy’s law of liquid flow. The results of VES for areas underlain by Lokoja and Patti Formations revealed 4-5 geo-electrical layers. The depths to water table vary from 5.91-40.8 m. Thickness values are within the range of 7.37-27.3 m for aquiferous units of Lokoja Formation, and 10.8-20.1 m for the Patti Formation. The results of aquifer characteristics using Dar-Zarrouk Parameter gave hydraulic conductivity (K) values between 1.92-91.7 m/day and 2.15-31.8 m/day for aquifers of Lokoja and Patti Formations respectively. Transmissivity (T) values of the aquiferous units of Lokoja Formation fall within 24.97-2117 m /day, while those of Patti Formation vary from 27.9-456.91 m /day. There is a strong correlation between the values of measured and calculated hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity between measured and calculated transmissivity for the five wells (R = 0.99 and 0.92, respectively). Based on the results obtained and interpretations proffered, aquiferous units in both formations are capable of yielding optimum groundwater for private consumption and partly to small communities, and to some extent can supply water for great regional use. It is suggested that similar study should be carried out in other sedimentary basins where to aid regional planning and management of groundwater resource.

Hydraulic conductivity (K) as a parameter in surface and subsurface water interaction is an important study to research. Field observations using geoelectrics with the Schlumberger configuration and using infiltrometers with double ring were chosen as methods to estimate the (K) which aims to recognize the characteristics of the relationship between (K) obtained from different observation results. The estimated (K) obtained from infiltrometer observations are quite significant compared to geoelectric observations which range from 2.715 × 10-7 m/s to 6.132 × 10-7 m/s, while geoelectrical values range from 1.965 × 10-8 m/s to 3.896 × 10-9 m/s. In this study, the soil conditions in geoelectric observations were carried out in an unsaturated state and infiltrometer observations were in a saturated state. This soil condition is used as one of the reasons for interpreting the research results in this study, that the hydraulic conductivity in unsaturated soil conditions decreases compared to saturated soil.

Six rock glaciers in the outhern arpathians have been investigated by means of geoelectrical soundings in order to detect their internal stratigraphy and the existence of frozen sediments. In the case of three relict rock glaciers, the electrical resistivity measurements indicated a typical internal structure. Low resistivity values (<10-kΩm) which are typical of unfrozen fine-grained materials were obtained, but high resistivity values (25-240-kΩm) measured in the ietroasa, Ieşu and ietrele rock glaciers denote the presence of sediments cemented by interstitial ice and ice lenses. Based on the moderate resistivity values, the ice content is probably low to medium in the upper portion of these rock glaciers, that is, above 2040 m. At two sites (ietroasa and ăiuga rock glaciers), ground surface temperature evolution was monitored using digital dataloggers. Mean annual ground surface temperature and regime throughout the winter were extracted from the recordings and confirmed the probability of permafrost occurrence in ietroasa rock glacier. In the Ieşu and ietrele rock glaciers, measurements of bottom temperatures of the winter snow cover were performed in March 2012. Considering the thick active layer, the reduced ice content and the presence of scarce vegetation on their surface it could be assumed that the permafrost exists in marginal conditions in the outhern arpathians. The ground ice in permafrost is produced by the groundwater freezing or by snow banks buried by coarse angular boulders following large rockfalls.

La resistividad eléctrica de los geomateriales ha sido utilizada ampliamente en la prospección de aguas subterráneas, y en forma más limitada en la exploración geotécnica. Este trabajo surge como respuesta a la necesidad de avanzar en el conocimiento de la relación entre resistividad eléctrica y características de los geomateriales, de utilidad en la práctica geotécnica. La investigación ha sido concentrada a los suelos derivados de rocas cristalinas del altiplano central de Antioquia - Colombia, a partir de sondeos eléctricos verticales (SEV), ensayos de penetración estándar y ensayos de caracterización en laboratorio.Los resultados de la investigación indican que es posible diferenciar con razonable certeza los geomateriales del subsuelo con base en su resistividad eléctrica, cuando se integra en la interpretación de los sondeos los valores de resistividad con un adecuado conocimiento de la geología local.

Eighteen vertical electrical soundings (VES) were carried out by applying the Schlumberger configuration to characterize the main subsurface tectonic features and determine their impacts on groundwater occurrences of the uplifted Jbab area in southern Syria. Different interpretative approaches were used to interpret these VES distributed on one longitudinal profile (LP) and four transverse profiles TP1, TP2, TP3, and TP4. The originality of this work is the conjoint use of the Pichgin–Habibullaev technique, the fractal concentration–number (C–N) modeling technique, and the 1D inversion technique as an integrated interpretative approach (IIA) in subsurface basalt characterization. This IIA proves its efficacy while interpreting the VES data, in delineating the main subsurface geology and the tectonic conditions and their influences on the groundwater distributions in a basaltic Jbab environment. Several optimum VES points are accordingly proposed and arranged according to their importance for drilling wells for groundwater extraction. The integrated developed geoelectrical technology described in this paper is recommended to be applied for characterizing similar basaltic areas worldwide.

Vertical electrical sounding technique (VES) is proposed as an alternative geoelectrical approach to estimate the hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity parameters related to the Quaternary aquifer of semiarid Khanasser valley, Northern Syria. Schlumberger array is used for carrying out the VES measurements, where three of them were made just near three existing boreholes for comparison. The conjoint analysis of the pumping tests results from the available three drilled boreholes, and the geoelectrical Dar-Zarrouk of transverse resistance ( R ) and longitudinal conductance ( S ) parameters resulted from VES interpretations allows to obtain the both parameters of the hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity Quaternary aquifer. Empirically calibrated relationship between hydraulic conductivity evaluated by using the available pumping test results and the transverse resistance (R) of the Quaternary aquifer is derived for those three boreholes. A very good agreement is noticed between the measured hydraulic conductivity from pumping tests and the one computed geophysically. The constructed calibrated relationship is thereafter applied to extrapolate and estimate both the hydraulic conductivity and the transmissivity parameters in thirty-four measured VES points in the Khanasser valley study area. Such an extrapolation allows deriving and characterizing the spatial variation maps of hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity in the study area. The acquired geophysical results give useful information, particularly on the groundwater potentiality of the study region. The developed alternative approach is successfully applied in the study area and can therefore be practiced for characterizing similar semiarid environments worldwide.

Two electrical resistivity profiles were collected throughout the Transform Electrical Station project site in Dewaniya City. Each 30-meter-long profile consisted of four Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) stations spaced ten meters apart. Data was collected using the Schlumberger array, deemed most appropriate for the study’s targets. The most incredible fit among observed and theoretical curves was determined after gathering field data, smoothing, and processing with IPI@WIN software. VES curves showed a wide range of kinds, which include AKH, HKH, AKQ, KQH, QHQ, HKH, AKQ, and KQQ, suggesting different subsurface lithologies. Data analysis showed five different resistivity zones at each station, indicating differences in subsurface lithology and water quality. The highest investigation depth was 31.8 meters at station 2 in Zone 5, and the lowest was 0.3 meters at the first station in Zone 1. In a similar vein, the lowest layer thickness was 0.3 meters at Station 1 in Zone 1, and the highest thickness was 22.1 meters at Station 7 in Zone 4. These resistivity results are supported by independent data from soil sampling and laboratory testing. Furthermore, incorporating data from water analyses, including parameters such as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, saturation, and porosity, as well as groundwater parameters like water table depth and its effect on the nearby river, gives important insights into the measured resistivity variations.