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The Han River Basin, a critical water conservation and ecological barrier in Hubei Province, is intricately associated with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Research results show that vegetation cover changes are affected by multiple factors, and understanding the influences of climate change and human activities on vegetation is imperative for achieving sustainable development in the basin. Through quantitative assessment of vegetation changes in diverse landform regions, implementing adaptive ecological construction and environmental protection will foster the sustainable development of ecological civilization in the Han River Basin. This study utilizes MODIS13Q1 data and employs diverse analytical methods to investigate the characteristics of vegetation change and the interrelationships between climate change, meteorological factors, and vegetation cover in various geomorphological areas of the Han River Basin from 2000 to 2020. The results showed that (1) throughout the entire study period, the NDVI of the six types of geomorphological divisions in the Han River Basin exhibited a fluctuating upward trend, with the changes in the low-altitude hilly geomorphic regions being particularly noteworthy. (2) Within the study area, approximately 92.67% of vegetation coverage displayed an increasing trend, while 7.33% showed degradation, predominantly in plains and platforms. Notably, the area of continuous improvement (31.16%) outweighed the area of continuous degradation (3.05%), with low and middle-relief mountain areas demonstrating the most robust growth and sustainability. (3) Human agriculture activities and urbanization processes have emerged as the primary driving force behind vegetation changes in the Han River Basin. The responses of vegetation to climate change and human activities exhibited significant variations across diverse geomorphological regions. In areas characterized by vegetation improvement, the contribution rate of human activities to NDVI changes in different vegetation types surpassed 70%, with plain areas displaying the highest contribution rate at a remarkable 90%. In contrast, the plain and platform regions of the vegetation degradation area were significantly influenced by climate change. In future watershed ecological environment management, it is essential to not only recognize the dominant role of human activities in promoting the growth of mountain vegetation NDVI but also address the impact of climate change on the degradation of vegetation NDVI in plains and platforms. A comprehensive understanding of these factors is crucial for devising effective strategies to ensure sustainable development and ecological balance in the Han River Basin.

The risk of flooding has become more significant in many parts of the world due to climate change and increased urbanization. Flood has devastating effects on infrastructure, and communities, causing damage to property and loss of life. Simulation of flood extent in a particular area is done by using various mathematical models, hydrologic‐hydraulic models, and datasets. Flood modeling using hydraulic‐hydrological models has many errors due to the lack of hydraulic‐hydrologic data and insufficient statistical period length. This study demonstrates the fact that the geomorphological index (GI) method, which is based on the digital elevation model and requires little hydraulic‐hydrologic data, is an effective method for flood modeling. Flood zoning based on GI was performed within the Kashafroud basin with 25, 100, and 200‐year return periods by using geomorphic flood area (GFA) plugin in QGIS software. The true positive rates were 0.985, 0.989, and 0.992, respectively, which showed the high accuracy of flood zoning based on the GI method. Here proposed method showed that using the GFA plugin offers a good way for the flood risk assessment in a basin with the lack of measured data as an alternative to the hydraulic‐hydrological methods.

基于地貌尺度划定耕地保护区可为山地丘陵地区国土空间规划编制提供新的视角。本研究采用耕地质量提升潜力模型和空间自相关分析方法，探讨重庆市江津区耕地质量可提升潜力空间分布特征；在与耕地质量可改良因子限制程度相结合的基础上，根据耕地保护分区识别与强度诊断模型，划定不同地貌类型的耕地保护区。结果表明：研究区耕地质量可改良因子限制程度总体呈“南北高中间低”的带状分布形态；高限制区所占面积最大，占比34.78%。研究区耕地自然等可提升潜力指数呈现东南向西北降低的分布趋势，“随机”型分布较多，占比41.71%；耕地利用等可提升潜力指数呈“北高南低”的分布趋势，“高-高”型、“低-低”型和“随机”型三者分布占比相当。浅丘平坝区应以重点保护为主，将其划为永久基本农田保护范围；中丘区应将一般保护与重点保护相结合，尽力避免非农建设的挤占；高丘区和山地区应将一般保护与限制保护相结合，通过退耕还林还草、农业结构调整促进生态农业建设。将耕地质量提升潜力与耕地质量限制程度相耦合能够更加明确耕地近期重点保护的区域，同时从地貌尺度划定耕地保护区能够与耕地差异化保护的现实需求相适应，两者可为山地丘陵区耕地资源保护与可持续利用提供理论支撑。This study demarcated the protection areas of cultivated land based on the landform scale, which provided a new perspective for territorial spatial planning in mountainous and hilly districts. The improvement potential model of cultivated land quality grade and spatial autocorrelation analysis were used to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of the improvement potential of cultivated land quality in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City. According to the cultivated land protection zoning identificatio