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Well Logging and Formation Evaluation
This hand guide in the Gulf Drilling Guides series offers practical techniques that are valuable to petrophysicists and engineers in their day-to-day jobs. Based on the authors many years of experience working in oil companies around the world, this guide is a comprehensive collection of techniques and rules of thumb that work.The primary functions of the drilling or petroleum engineer are to ensure that the right operational decisions are made during the course of drilling and testing a well, from data gathering, completion and testing, and thereafter to provide the necessary parameters to enable an accurate static and dynamic model of the reservoir to be constructed. This guide supplies these, and many other, answers to their everyday problems.
eBook
The Self-Potential Method
The self-potential method enables non-intrusive assessment and imaging of disturbances in electrical currents of conductive subsurface materials. It has an increasing number of applications, from mapping fluid flow in the subsurface of the Earth to detecting preferential flow paths in earth dams and embankments. This book provides the first full overview of the fundamental concepts of this method and its applications in the field. It discusses a historical perspective, laboratory investigations undertaken, the inverse problem and seismoelectric coupling, and concludes with the application of the self-potential method to geohazards, water resources and hydrothermal systems. Chapter exercises, online datasets and analytical software enable the reader to put the theory into practice. This book is a key reference for academic researchers and professionals working in the areas of geophysics, environmental science, hydrology and geotechnical engineering. It will also be valuable reading for related graduate courses.
eBook
Thick-skinned tectonics and basement-involved fold–thrust belts: insights from selected Cenozoic orogens
Defining the structural style of fold–thrust belts and understanding the controlling factors are necessary steps towards prediction of their long-term and short-term dynamics, including seismic hazard, and to assess their potential in terms of hydrocarbon exploration. While the thin-skinned structural style has long been a fashionable view for outer parts of orogens worldwide, a wealth of new geological and geophysical studies has pointed out that a description in terms of thick-skinned deformation is, in many cases, more appropriate. This paper aims at providing a review of what we know about basement-involved shortening in foreland fold–thrust belts on the basis of the examination of selected Cenozoic orogens. After describing how structural interpretations of fold–thrust belts have evolved through time, this paper addresses how and the extent to which basement tectonics influence their geometry and their kinematics, and emphasizes the key control exerted by lithosphere rheology, including structural and thermal inheritance, and local/regional boundary conditions on the occurrence of thick-skinned tectonics in the outer parts of orogens.
Journal Article
Seeing Beneath the Soil
Scientific soil prospecting methods can give dramatic pictures of buried archaeological sites, and sometimes information on what occurred within them, before any earth has ben removed. Dr Clark, who was one of the earliest to work in this field, has written the first general survey of an increasingly important area of practical archaeology. The emphasis is on the principles and practical application of the well established techniques of resistivity, magnetometry and magnetic susceptibility, with shorter sections on emerging and less common techniques such as ground-penetrating radar, electromagnetic methods and phosphate survey. This paperback edition updates and enhances the earlier book, adding new material such as the large-scale evaluation exercises now required as a precondition of planning consent for major developments.
eBook
Electrical Detection of Groundwater Leakage Channels by Spread Spectrum Induced Polarization (SSIP) Geophysical Method, Guizhou, China
An essential resource, groundwater is necessary for the maintenance of human activity, agriculture, and ecosystems. Finding the sources of groundwater leaks is crucial for effective water management and the avoidance of any environmental risks. In the karst region of Fuquan, Guizhou, China, the use of Spread Spectrum Induced Polarization (SSIP) as an innovative technique for locating groundwater leakage channels is the main topic of this research. Four lines of survey were carried out in the study’s targeted region. The results of SSIP were very positive since they showed notable abnormalities in the ground that may be signs of groundwater leaks. The drilling results obtained from Well ZK02 have served to enhance the credibility and reliability of our research. The study’s results demonstrate how well SSIP works as a cutting-edge technique for locating groundwater leakage pathways in karst regions. To maintain the integrity of the ecosystem and optimize the management of water resources, it is essential to identify and mitigate these channels. This study adds to the expanding corpus of information on methods for detecting groundwater and offers insightful information for further investigation in comparable geological settings.
Journal Article
Review and Future Perspective of Geophysical Methods Applied in Nearshore Site Characterization
Seabed surveying is the basis of engineering development in shallow waters. At present, geophysical survey methods mainly utilize sonars for qualitative surveying, which requires the calibration of the results found through in situ drilling and sampling. Among them, the parameters required for engineering designs are obtained from either in situ tests or laboratory experiments of soil samples retrieved from drilling. However, the experience from onshore applications shows that the physical quantities obtained through quantitative geophysical survey methods for shallow waters can be indirectly used to estimate engineering parameters or directly as parameters for engineering evaluation, which has high application potential. This review analyzes various geophysical survey methods for nearshore site characterization (i.e., side-scan sonar, single/multi- beam sonar, sub-bottom profiler, seismic reflection method, and underwater magnetometer) and challenges in their application, and introduces quantitative geophysical survey methods (including the underwater seismic refraction method, seismic surface wave method and underwater electrical resistivity tomography) that are worth focusing on for future development. Three application difficulties have been identified, namely, the lack of operational efficiency, appropriate operational equipment and systems, and sufficient guidance for experimental shallow sea applications. It is hoped that comprehensive discussion of these challenges will increase awareness leading to engineering improvements in the surveying and measuring capabilities in shallow waters, further reducing the risk of geotechnical hazards.
Journal Article
Evaluation indexes of coalbed methane accumulation in the strong deformed strike-slip fault zone considering tectonics and fractures: a 3D geomechanical simulation study
Both the deformation and rupture characteristics of rocks are related to geomechanics. In this paper, we identify the evaluation indexes related to coalbed methane (CBM) accumulation in strongly deformed strike-slip fault zones considering tectonics and fractures. We found that fault scale, the fault combination, the tectonic stress, the preservation conditions and fractures all have important effects on the CBM distribution. Areas near the large-scale opening faults are unfavourable to the preservation of coalbed methane. The distribution of gas wells with different capacities is influenced by tectonic extension and convergence. A 3D geomechanical method was used to analyse the influence of the ‘ribbon effect’ of strike-slip faults on the CBM distribution. Due to the influence of the ‘ribbon effect’, the tectonic stress presents a plane in situ stress heterogeneity, which in turn will affect the gas well productivity. We also calculated the integrated rupture rate (IF) to characterize the degree of tectonic fracture development in the target coal reservoir. The appropriate fracture development degree can improve the petrophysical properties of the coal reservoirs while maintaining good storage conditions, such that the gas wells can achieve a higher production capacity. This study is of great significance for the enrichment of the geomechanical theory of oil and gas exploration.
Journal Article
Sicily's fold-thrust belt and slab roll-back; the SI.RI.PRO. seismic crustal transect
Sicily is a thick orogenic wedge formed by (1) the foreland (African) and its Sicilian orogen and (2) the thick-skinned, Calabrian-Peloritani wedge. The crust under central Sicily, from the Tyrrhenian margin to the coastline of the Sicily Channel, has been investigated by the multidisciplinary (SI.RI.PRO.) research project. The project dealt with the nature and thickness of the crust and depth and geometry of the Moho, which is essential in formulating subduction models and improving the knowledge of African and Tyrrhenian-European lithospheres. The results resolve features such as (1) the main orogenic wedge, (2) the very steep, NW-SE-trending regional monocline suggesting inflection of the foreland crust, (3) the deep Caltanissetta synform imaged, for the first time, to about 25 km, and (4) the top of the crystalline basement and the inferred crust-mantle boundary. The SI.RI.PRO. transect confirmed that the NNW-dipping, autochthonous Iblean platform of SE Sicily and its basement extends all the way into central Sicily. Further NW, towards the NNW end of the transect, a large uplift involves the Iblean platform and its underlying basement. The associated gravity anomaly is interpreted as the southern wedge edge of the Tyrrhenian mantle that splits the subducting Iblean-Pelagian (African) continental slab from an overlying synformal stack of allochthonous thrust sheets.
Journal Article