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GIS fundamentals
\"Aimed at readers with a knowledge of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) but no formal training in computer science, this book provides a clear and accessible introduction to how GIS store and process spatial data. This updated edition includes two new chapters on databases and future developments, substantial additional material on raster imagery, and revisions throughout that incorporate up-to-date applications such as GPS on mobile devices and Internet-based services. The chapter on future technologies includes discussions of 3D GIS, handling time in GIS, spatial SQL, and handling imprecise geographies\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Advancement in the Application of Geospatial Technology in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage in South Africa: A Scientometric Review
Geospatial technologies have become an essential component of archaeological research, aiding in the identification, mapping, and analysis of archaeological sites. Several journals have published existing narratives on the development and impact of geospatial technologies in the study of archaeology and cultural heritage. However, this has not been supported by a systematic review of articles and papers, where meticulously collected evidence is methodically analysed. This article systematically reviews the trends in the use of geospatial technologies in archaeology and cultural heritage through the search for keywords or terms associated with geospatial technologies used in the two fields on the Scopus database from 1990 to 2022. Bibliometric analysis using the Scopus Analyze tool and analysis of bibliometric networks using VOSviewer visualisations reveals how modern archaeological studies are now a significant discipline of spatial sciences and how the discipline enjoys the tools of geomatic engineering for establishing temporal and spatial controls on the material being studied and observing patterns in the archaeological records. The key concepts or themes or distinct knowledge domains that shape research in the use of geospatial technologies in archaeology and cultural heritage, according to the Scopus database (1990–2022), are cultural heritage, archaeology, geographic information systems, remote sensing, virtual reality, and spatial analysis. Augmented reality, 3D scanning, 3D modelling, 3D reconstruction, lidar, digital elevation modelling, artificial intelligence, spatiotemporal analysis, ground penetrating radar, optical radar, aerial photography, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are some of the geospatial technology tools and research themes that are less explored or less interconnected concepts that have potential gaps in research or underexplored topics that might be worth investigating in archaeology and cultural heritage.
Journal Article
You are here : from the compass to GPS, the history and future of how we find ourselves
\"The story of the rise of modern navigation technology, from radio location to GPS-and the consequent decline of privacy What does it mean to never get lost? You Are Here examines the rise of our technologically aided era of navigational omniscience-or how we came to know exactly where we are at all times. In a sweeping history of the development of location technology in the past century, Bray shows how radio signals created to carry telegraph messages were transformed into invisible beacons to guide ships and how a set of rapidly-spinning wheels steered submarines beneath the polar ice cap. But while most of these technologies were developed for and by the military, they are now ubiquitous in our everyday lives. Our phones are now smart enough to pinpoint our presence to within a few feet-and nosy enough to share that information with governments and corporations. Filled with tales of scientists and astronauts, inventors and entrepreneurs, You Are Here tells the story of how humankind ingeniously solved one of its oldest and toughest problems-only to herald a new era in which it's impossible to hide\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Elephant Habitat Suitability Analysis of Alipurduar District, West Bengal Using Geospatial Technology
In India’s Tarai-Dooars region, elephants are the most common wildlife species. The man-wildlife conflict has arisen as a result of forest scarcity, forest fragmentation, global climate change, land use land cover change in the Dooars region, and encroachment into forest life. Although the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 addressed the conservation of wild animals, the number of wild elephants in West Bengal was constantly changing. The goal of this project is to use geospatial technologies to determine wild elephant habitat suitability zones in West Bengal’s Alipurduar area. The first stage in the conservation and management of wild elephants is to determine their habitat suitability. To assess the result, the various habitat suitability factors/parameters of wild elephants were integrated through weighted overlay analysis in the ArcGIS environment. The result shows that the central part of the district - the Buxa forest area, holds the largest suitable environment for elephant habitat. The rest of the study area can be categorized as a medium habitat suitable area excluding some settlements and built-up areas. The authors hope the result will help the proper management and conservation of wild elephants.
Publication
Land evaluation and sustainable development of ecotourism in the Garhwal Himalayan region using geospatial technology and analytical hierarchy process
Ecotourism is now the fastest-growing sector in the Himalayan region as well as in the Garhwal region (Uttarakhand, India) as it has negligible adverse impacts on the environment and natural resources than tourism. Ecotourism plays an important role in the protection and sustainability of natural resources. Thus, the present study attempts to identify potential ecotourism sites using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Geographical Information System-Remote sensing (GIS-RS) techniques in the Garhwal Himalayan region. The study is based on the use of GIS-RS used parameter concerning landscape naturalness, climatic characteristics, topographic attributes, accessibility parameters, reserved and protected areas, and natural attractiveness using a weighted overlay method in the GIS platform. We also used expert knowledge to assign weights and then normalized them by AHP eigenvector. We used the receiver operating characteristic curve for validation, which indicates the methods are very useful in ecotourism potentiality. The results show very highly, and the highly suitable area is about 21.12%, wherein 17.40% located in the greater Himalayan region. Areas adjacent to the densely forested areas, where snow-out occurs every year, develop various grasslands, cool climate, U and V-shaped valleys, very attractive landscapes sites suitable for ecotourism, but not for all seasons. The moderately suitable areas confined in the lower dissected valleys and upper snow-covered areas and make up about 26.04% (8456.68 km
2
) of the region. This study can help tourism planners and the government select locations precisely and further develop ecotourism activities and release pressures on the tourism burden in the region. The results have implications for sustainable tourism and ecotourism efforts of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal-15 (SDG-15) of improving life on land by preserving natural heritage, wilderness areas, and culture. It can help the employment generation of the local people and direct profits to the local communities.
Graphic abstract
Journal Article
A Comprehensive Review of Geospatial Technology Applications in Earthquake Preparedness, Emergency Management, and Damage Assessment
The level of destruction caused by an earthquake depends on a variety of factors, such as magnitude, duration, intensity, time of occurrence, and underlying geological features, which may be mitigated and reduced by the level of preparedness of risk management measures. Geospatial technologies offer a means by which earthquake occurrence can be predicted or foreshadowed; managed in terms of levels of preparation related to land use planning; availability of emergency shelters, medical resources, and food supplies; and assessment of damage and remedial priorities. This literature review paper surveys the geospatial technologies employed in earthquake research and disaster management. The objectives of this review paper are to assess: (1) the role of the range of geospatial data types; (2) the application of geospatial technologies to the stages of an earthquake; (3) the geospatial techniques used in earthquake hazard, vulnerability, and risk analysis; and (4) to discuss the role of geospatial techniques in earthquakes and related disasters. The review covers past, current, and potential earthquake-related applications of geospatial technology, together with the challenges that limit the extent of usefulness and effectiveness. While the focus is mainly on geospatial technology applied to earthquake research and management in practice, it also has validity as a framework for natural disaster risk assessments, emergency management, mitigation, and remediation, in general.
Journal Article
Riparian Zone Assessment and Management: an Integrated Review Using Geospatial Technology
Riparian zones act as ecological engineers through stream bank stabilization, pollutant buffering, energy provision to food webs, and groundwater recharge. In the ongoing situation of declining river water quality and global environmental changes, an integrated strategy involving aspects of riparian zone monitoring and management is essential for policy-making and socio-economic services. To address this, a review of papers and policies from 1980 to 2023 is conducted to identify existing technologies and their gaps. 298 articles were reviewed to understand riparian habitats and their ecological function. Analysis shows that field-based monitoring approaches have considerable limitations, including increased labor costs, and methodologies that result in ineffective riparian zone management. These issues can be overcome using geospatial technologies due to their high-quality and long-term inventories and ease of map updates. Unmanned aerial vehicles are widely used for low-cost monitoring in recent times. The result shows that there is no policy framework specifically addressing riparian zone management across the South Asian region which is home to the world’s largest population. Riparian buffer width requires attention across all stakeholders which are missing in the South Asian region and a few other countries across the globe. The authors suggest the use of buffer width consisting of Vetiver grasses of at least 5 m used in conjunction with woody vegetation of a 25-m filter strip. Strategies from the USA and Australia can also show the path towards the riparian zone sustainability.
Journal Article
Research on geospatial technology optimization based on GeoAI multi-objective optimization
This research focuses on the key technologies of network-based collaboration for Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI) services. This paper proposes a geospatial technology model based on GeoAI multi-objective optimization to address the challenges of multi-source heterogeneous models and services in collecting, processing, and analyzing geospatial coverage information. This technology constructs geospatial coverage processing services through programmatic encapsulation and model service methods. At the same time, a service class publishing method based on OGC standards was designed. Secondly, this article adopts a capacity modeling approach to cover and transfer geographic spatial coverage models, solving the problems of model utilization and massive data transmission. Mapping network processing services to REST through logical design, providing support for heterogeneous style geographic coverage processing service interactions for sharing and utilization. A geographic spatial prototype system was designed in the study, and the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through experiments. The development of this study is of great significance for promoting the mutual collaboration of multi-source heterogeneous models and achieving effective utilization and sharing of geographic spatial resources.
Journal Article
Geospatial technology in agroforestry: status, prospects, and constraints
Agroforestry has an indispensable role in food and livelihood security in addition to its capacity to combat the detrimental effects of climate change. However, agroforestry has not been properly promoted and exploited due to lack of precise extent, geographical distribution, and carbon sequestration (CS) assessment. The recent advent of geospatial technologies, as well as free availability of spatial data and software, can provide new insights into agroforestry resources assessment, decision-making, and policy development despite agroforestry’s small spatial extent, isolated nature, and higher structural and functional complexity of agroforestry. In this review, the existing application of geospatial technologies together with its constraints and limitations as well as the potential future application for agroforestry has been discussed. The review reveals that the application of optical remote sensing in agroforestry includes spatial extent mapping, production of tree species spectral signature, CS assessment, and suitability mapping. Simultaneously, the recent surge in the use of synthetic aperture radar in conjunction with algorithms based on vegetation photosynthesis and optical data enables a more accurate estimation of gross primary productivity at different scales. However, unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with sensors, such as multispectral, LiDAR, hyperspectral, and thermal, offer a considerably higher potential and accuracy than satellite-based datasets. In the future, the health monitoring of agroforestry systems can be a key concern that may be addressed by utilizing hyperspectral and thermal datasets to analyze plant biochemistry, chlorophyll fluorescence, and water stress. Additionally, current (GEDI, ECOSTRESS) and future space agency missions (BIOMASS, FLEX, NISAR, TRISHNA) have enormous potential to shed fresh light on agroforestry systems.
Journal Article
Shoreline variation in Can Gio District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam from geospatial technology
Can Gio is a coastal district in the Southern coastal area of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. This area has been and is being affected by the problem of shoreline variations, affecting human life and ecosystems. The article presents the results of applying geospatial technologies to evaluate the shoreline variations in space, thereby determining the rate of shoreline accretion and erosion for the study area in 1998, 2009 and 2019. The technique of separating water and land based on the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MDNWI) is used to extract the shoreline from Landsat satellite image data. We used the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) module to calculate the variation rate. The results show that, within 21 years, from 1998 to 2019, Can Gio District has lost about 500 ha of land. Thanh An Commune has the largest erosion area, accounting for 29% of the erosion area of the whole district. The highest erosion rate of up to 18,2 m/year was recorded in the Nga Bay River area, and the highest accretion rate of 29,2 m/year was recorded on the left bank of Dong Tranh River. This research result supports ecological and environmental management in coastal areas facing the risk of climate change and rising sea levels.
Journal Article