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Flora ad infinitum : Blühende Perlenkunst in Venedig und der Welt = Fiori di perline a Venezia e nel mondo
Glasperlen können auf Drähte aufgefädelt und zu Blumen geformt werden - ein historisches Kunsthandwerk, das in Venedig und dem berühmten Muranoglas beheimatet ist. In dem reich bebilderten Buch erzählt Georg Ragnar Levi die faszinierende Geschichte, wie es dazu kam, dass Perlenblumen geliebt und verachtet und irgendwann in der Geschichte sogar verboten wurden. Sogenannte Französische Perlenblumen wurden zu Hause, in Klöstern, Gefängnissen und Werkstätten hergestellt und bei Taufen, Hochzeiten und Beerdigungen zu ornamentalen und symbolischen Zwecken verwendet. Der Leser wird durch Historie, Techniken, Materialien und die persönlichen Geschichten hinter diesem Handwerk geführt. Levi zeigt, wie die Nachfrage nach Kränzen und Sträussen im frühen 20. Jh. zum Broterwerb vieler Familien in Europa wurde und die Glashütten von Murano und Böhmen aufblühen liess.
Book
Direct and indirect evidence for free oxygen (O2-) in MO-silicate glasses and melts (m=Mg, Ca, Pb)
Oxygen 1s XPS spectra of a Pb-silicate glass containing 76.6 mol% PbO provide the first accurate, direct measurement of free oxide ion (O2-) in these glasses. O2- constitutes 35 (±3) mol% of total oxygen, with NBO and BO constituting, respectively, 52 (±3) and 13 (±3) mol%. All 29Si NMR and O 1s XPS results for Pb-silicate glasses indicate mol% levels of O2- containing more than ∼30 mol% PbO. The O2- abundances are consistent with equilibrium thermodynamic considerations where K∼12 for the mass action equation involving NBO, BO, and O2-. Raman and 17O NMR spectra of two CaMg-silicate glasses indicate ∼10 (±4) mol% O2- in CaMgSiO4 glass and ∼18 (±4) mol% O2- in a Ca0.36Mg0.36Si0.28O1.28 glass. Oxygen species abundances are calculated using experimental results from 13 separate 29Si NMR, 17O NMR, and Raman measurements of Mg-, Ca-, and CaMg-silicate glasses. All reveal mol% levels of O2- with ∼1 to 2.6 mol% in metasilicate glass and ∼5 to 10 mol% in orthosilicate glass. Recent Raman experimental results also indicate O2- in CaMg-silicate glasses at levels ranging from about 1 to 10 mol%. In all there are 23 separate 29Si NMR, 17O NMR, and Raman measurements indicating mol% levels of O2- in alkaline earth silicate glasses. Eight recent MD simulations of Mg, Ca, and CaMg-silicate glasses include 21 separate simulations over a wide compositional range. All indicate mol% levels of O2- in the glasses demonstrating that the MD simulations and experimental results on these systems are in accord. There are two fundamentally important implications of these studies. First, free oxygen (O2-) is an essential constituent of Pb, Mg, Ca, and CaMg binary silicate melts and glasses. It is not an \"accidental\" product associated with glass or melt defects. It is instead, a thermodynamically important constituent of these binary melts (and glasses). Second, where melts are equilibrated, the mass action equation relating BO, NBO, and O2- must hold across the entire Ca, Mg, CaMg, and Pb binary systems, thereby requiring the activities and mole fractions of all three species to be defined and finite in the melts. Free oxygen, however, may be too low to be detected in highly siliceous glasses using conventional spectroscopic techniques.
Journal Article
Structural glasses and supercooled liquids
\"With contributions from 24 global experts in diverse fields, and edited by world-recognized leaders in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysics, Structural Glasses and Supercooled Liquids: Theory, Experiment, and Applications presents a modern, complete survey of glassy phenomena in many systems based on firmly established characteristics of the underlying molecular motions as deduced by first principle theoretical calculations, or with direct/single-molecule experimental techniques. A well-rounded view of a variety of disordered systems where cooperative phenomena, which are epitomized by supercooled liquids, take place is provided. These systems include structural glasses and supercooled liquids, polymers, complex liquids, protein conformational dynamics, and strongly interacting electron systems with quenched/self-generated disorder.Detailed calculations and reasoned arguments closely corresponding with experimental data are included, making the book accessible to an educated non-expert reader. \"--
eBook
Careers in glasswork
Increasingly, job seekers want employment in fields that have safe, assured futures. Hands-on careers, such as work as a glazier (installing glass) or as a glassworker (manufacturing it), can provide job security and remain lucrative as job markets shift with economic changes. This how-to guide provides a simple, yet thorough, overview of careers in glasswork and the steps a creative young individual should take to pursue these desirable jobs. Interviews with experts, job-search essentials, and a section on glassblowing make this the go-to resource for anybody interested in glasswork. Bibliography, Detailed Table of Contents, For Further Information Section, Glossary, Index, Sidebars, Web Sites, Full-color photographs.
Book
Impact-resistant nacre-like transparent materials
Glass has outstanding optical properties, hardness, and durability, but its applications are limited by its inherent brittleness and poor impact resistance. Lamination and tempering can improve impact response but do not suppress brittleness. We propose a bioinspired laminated glass that duplicates the three-dimensional “brick-and-mortar” arrangement of nacre from mollusk shells, with periodic three-dimensional architectures and interlayers made of a transparent thermoplastic elastomer. This material reproduces the “tablet sliding mechanism,” which is key to the toughness of natural nacre but has been largely absent in synthetic nacres. Tablet sliding generates nonlinear deformations over large volumes and significantly improves toughness. This nacre-like glass is also two to three times more impact resistant than laminated glass and tempered glass while maintaining high strength and stiffness.
Journal Article
A kid's guide to making a terrarium
Instructions for making a terrarium, what is needed and what can be grown.
Book
Metallic glass properties, processing method and development perspective: a review
This review paper aims to outline the development of Metallic Glass and its progress to functionally graded material. The review begins with the fundamental theory of producing the Metallic Glass and the challenges. Namely, the concept of glass-forming ability, alloy system of Metallic Glass, supercooling process, the mechanical and thermal characteristics. The authors presented the Metallic Glass processing method as pre and post-processing for further description. The different alloy systems of Metallic Glass produced by researchers created properties suitable for various industrial applications. Consequently, the authors point a focus on the Functionally Graded Material (FGM) of the Metallic Glass (MG) areas where further research needs to be researched. In distinction, the Functionally Graded Material Metallic Glass novelty is to combine the crystalline and amorphous structure state in one product. Preliminary researches selected by the authors convince the promising aspect of the Functionally Graded Material Metallic Glass.
Journal Article