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The second half of the nineteenth century marks a watershed in human history. Railroads linked remote hinterlands with cities; overland and undersea cables connected distant continents. New and accessible print technologies made the wide dissemination of ideas possible; oceangoing steamers carried goods to faraway markets and enabled the greatest long-distance migrations in recorded history. In this volume, leading scholars of the Islamic world recount the enduring consequences these technological, economic, social, and cultural revolutions had on Muslim communities from North Africa to South Asia, the Indian Ocean, and China. Drawing on a multiplicity of approaches and genres, from commodity history to biography to social network theory, the essays in Global Muslims in the Age of Steam and Print offer new and diverse perspectives on a transnational community in an era of global transformation.  

Background and purpose For much of the history of studying the effects of intermittent fasting on the health of people who engage in fasting for religious reasons, there has been no conclusive evidence-based consensus on the health outcomes of this form of intervallic fasting. The purpose of the present study is to examine the health-related outcomes of intermittent faith-based fasting. Whereas there are several forms of faith-based and non-faith based fasting, the present study will be primarily dedicated to examining the health effects associated with one of the most ubiquitous forms of religious fasting practiced globally by the preponderance of the eligible adults among 1.8 billion Muslims, which is fasting during the annual Islamic month of Ramadan. Therefore, Ramadan fasting provides a significant research paradigm to investigate the health effects of intervallic fasting in humans. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis methodology was employed to search major databases, printed books, and official web-based electronic publications to identify and select a multitude of relevant peer-reviewed studies on the health effects of faith-based intermittent fasting. The data garnered from the selected studies were systematically reviewed, analyzed, and combined. The findings were compared and examined to evaluate whether there were patterns of significant or no significant results of specific health-related effects associated with intermittent faith-based fasting. Results The systematic review and data analysis suggest that Ramadan intermittent fasting is associated with both health risks and health benefits. The most vulnerable group of people who are most at risk for exposure to adverse health effects of fasting are those individuals who fast Ramadan with underlying pre-existing health conditions such as diabetes, asthma, kidney, and cardiovascular diseases, which can be exacerbated by the daily fasting for long hours. Conclusions The health outcomes of intermittent fasting and voluntary caloric restriction are prefatory and inconclusive The findings of the present study suggest that there is scientific evidence to support the hypothesis that intermittent fasting and forms of meal timing schedules may be associated with both favorable and unfavorable health outcomes. Fasting individuals with adverse pre-exciting health conditions would benefit significantly from seeking a pre-Ramadan medical evaluation, personalized dietary counseling, and Ramadan fasting-tailored health and wellness education as imperative interventions to avert potential medical crises and reduce any further health complications.

In this paper, I use global education theories and principles to deconstruct common myths regarding Muslim women and the Islamic treatment of women. This paper demonstrates how global education theory and principles can be used to deconstruct and reframe the myths and misconceptions perpetuated on Muslim women. The three major themes explored – female circumcision, polygamy, and subordination – are embedded in a single case and serve as a rich illustration of the usefulness of applying global education principles. They have been developed over the past thirty years to deconstruct and reframe western myths and misconceptions regarding Muslim women.

Migration in the Medieval Mediterranean argues that the cross-Mediterranean movement of peoples was a central aspect of the medieval world. Medieval people migrated in search of safety after regime change, secure life amongst coreligionists, and prosperous careers. This kind of travel between Muslim and Christian regions demonstrates the mutual influences, interconnections, and communications linking them, surpassing the differences between the two civilizations.

Migration in the Medieval Mediterranean argues that the cross-Mediterranean movement of peoples was a central aspect of the medieval world. Medieval people migrated in search of safety after regime change, secure life amongst coreligionists, and prosperous careers. This kind of travel between Muslim and Christian regions demonstrates the mutual influences, interconnections, and communications linking them, surpassing the differences between the two civilizations.

The 2011 study by the Pew Research Center's Forum on Religion and Public Life, The Future of the Global Muslim Population: Projections for 2010–2030, is one of the most ambitious attempts to estimate the current size of the global Muslim population and make projections about its growth. This chapter discusses numerous aspects of the Pew Forum's study. It discusses the methodology used by the study for estimating the global Muslim population and projecting its growth forward to 2030. It then presents a summary of the global findings, concluding with a demographic summary of Muslim‐majority countries and the projected breakdown of Sunni and Shi'a Muslim populations worldwide.