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Using the policy of price has a significant impact to developing the production of a particular crop by increasing productivity, which is eventually reflected in achieving high rates of self-sufficiency of the crops. The research objective is to identify the most important economic and social effects that will result from cancelling or reducing this subsidy Using the Cost-Benefit Analysis. The results showed that the ratio of return to cost in the case of reducing subsidies for corn farmers about 0.92%, which indicates that the one dinar invested in the cultivation of the corn under the subsidy policy achieves about 0.92 dinar, which is higher than the ratio of return to costs In the absence of this policy, that reached 0.65%. This indicates that the subsidy policy, even in reducing it, will lead to a reduction in farmers' losses by 27%. This is an incentive for the government to continue providing support to farmers to continue the production process. The study recommended that there is necessarily need to reorganize the strategy of providing support to farmers and find appropriate mechanisms for implementing the government policy to ensure that all corn farmers benefit from this support.

BackgroundDespite numerous training programmes by the South African (SA) government equipping citizens with entrepreneurial skills to create businesses for economic development. The country still faces a high rate of liquidation of businesses leading to unemployment.AimThis article mainly aimed to assess immigrant entrepreneurs’ contribution to entrepreneurial development in the Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality (MMM).SettingThe study focuses on the role that skilled immigrant entrepreneurs play in entrepreneurial development in MMM through Human Capital theory.MethodsDrawing on interpretivist paradigm, the study adopted empirical stance and qualitative approach. A total of 20 participants’ immigrant entrepreneurs and employees from small retailers in MMM were interviewed. Data collected were analysed using the Burnard’s (1991) stage-by-stage method of the semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was used to analyse data collected. Whilst thematic analysis was employed to analyse the data obtained from the face-to-face interviews.ResultsAlthough immigrant entrepreneurs were using their resources to share expertise and experience, most of their employees were not willing to learn. Immigrant entrepreneurs considered government support as a valuable tool when seeking to understand their contribution to developing the citizens. Accordingly, the results demonstrated that entrepreneurial skills transfer via in-store training influenced local citizens’ entrepreneurial mindset and decision to start businesses. The findings also revealed that immigrant businesses might play a critical role in solving entrepreneurial development of SA as government funding was considered to be a tool for skills transfer and entrepreneurial growth.ConclusionWhilst most studies investigated immigrant-citizen’s entrepreneurial skills transfer process, little attention was given to possible entrepreneurial development mechanisms through business collaboration. The study concludes that human capital in the form of skilled labour has a positive effect on entrepreneurial development. This informs policymakers to prioritise the upskilling of the workforce and contributes towards value-generating economic activities.

Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has become one of the most important goals across the globe due to their significant role in the economic prosperity and human well-being. Recently, the business industry has become a dominant concentration for SDGs. However, the importance of small- and medium-sized industries has been rarely debated in this perspective. In particular, no attempt has yet been made to estimate the commitment of small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) towards SDGs in the emerging market in Pakistan. This study fills the gap by examining the influence of top management support on SDGs (e.g., environment and community practices) with a mediating role of green supply chain management and government support as a moderator. The model of this study is tested through structural equation modeling on the cross-sectional data collected through a structured questionnaire from 313 Pakistani SMEs. The results show that top management support significantly influences green supply chain management, environment, and community-based SDGs. Green supply chain management plays a partial mediating role between top management support and environment practices as well as between top management support and community practices. Government support significantly strengthens the relationship between top management support and green supply chain management. This research recommends SMEs to encourage participation in green supply chain practices and SDGs. Additionally, this research strongly suggests the government to facilitate SMEs in the adoption of green practices that can resultantly contribute to SDGs. Further implications have stated.

This study explores the challenges faced by government support agencies in promoting the development and sustainability of small, medium, and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. Despite the strategic importance of SMMEs to inclusive economic growth, these enterprises face high failure rates, particularly in rural and under-resourced regions. A qualitative phenomenological research design was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten officials from various government support agencies and who operated in the province. Data was analysed thematically using Atlas.ti software, guided by Institutional Theory and Resource Dependency Theory. The findings reveal that institutional rigidity, fragmented policy implementation, and resource constraints hinder the effectiveness of support agencies. Challenges include poor inter-agency coordination, limited infrastructure, logistical barriers related to geographic dispersion, and inadequate human and financial resources. The study concludes that a more decentralised, collaborative, and context-sensitive approach is required to improve SMME support delivery. Recommendations include strengthening inter-agency collaboration, enhancing resource allocation, and adapting support strategies to local contexts. These insights provide a foundation for improving policy design and implementation aimed at revitalising SMME development, growth, and sustainability in the Northern Cape province.

Physical distancing policy that is encouraged by the World Health Organization (WHO) has inspired consumers to do contactless activities, including payment transaction. Government authorities in a growing number of countries are taking actions to encourage contactless payments as the COVID-19 pandemic escalates. People are worried that novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov2) can be transmitted through physical money. It drives them to shift to e-wallet. Due to a lack of study on this topic, the present study contributes to the literature by examining the effect of perceived risk, government support, and perceived usefulness on customers' intention to use e-wallet during COVID-19 outbreak. To give more fruitful insight, another major contribution of this study is investigating the group difference between Indonesia and Malaysia in the overall model. Questionnaires are distributed to the respondents by using a proportional sampling technique. As a result, 259 total respondents from Indonesia and 207 from Malaysia are collected. Both countries are selected because Indonesia and Malaysia can be considered as the two-worst countries in ASEAN affected by COVID-19. The model is tested using PLS-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. The results show that the effects of government support on the intention to use e-wallets differ between countries. Besides, perceived usefulness fully mediated government support-intention to use e-wallets relationship, and partially mediated the effect of perceived risk on intention to use e-wallets.

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic. As the evolution and implications of the COVID-19 crisis are still unfolding, we posit that exploring the experiences and strategic responses of Asian countries may shed light on ways to combat COVID-19 for the rest of the world. In this paper, we first articulate the importance of resilience, strategic agility, and entrepreneurship in the context of the fight against COVID-19. Then, with the focus on China, South Korea, and Singapore, we discuss the impact COVID-19 is having on economies and businesses, governmental support for businesses and societies, and implications for global supply chain disruptions. We hope that the global health system will recover quickly, and that the world economy will be revitalized with the contributions and collaboration of science (including social science), industry, and governments.

Aim/Purpose: This study investigates the key factors influencing cryptocurrency adoption among international students in Northern Cyprus. It addresses the gap in understanding how technological and motivational factors affect adoption decisions in this demographic. Background: By applying the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), the study examines how facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, effort expectancy, and performance expectancy drive adoption, while also examining the potential moderating influence of government support. Although government support was expected to be significant, the findings show otherwise, a surprising result that reshapes assumptions about its role. Methodology: A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing snowball sampling to distribute structured questionnaires to 305 international students. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with bootstrap resampling techniques. Contribution: This paper contributes to the growing body of knowledge on cryptocurrency adoption by focusing on international students, an underrepresented group in adoption studies, and applying the UTAUT2 model in a unique regional context. Findings: Facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, effort expectancy, and performance expectancy significantly influence students’ intention to adopt cryptocurrencies, while government support does not have a significant moderating effect. Recommendations for Practitioners: Policymakers, educators, and cryptocurrency service providers should emphasize usability, accessibility, and user motivation rather than relying on regulatory promotion to encourage adoption. Recommendation for Researchers: Future studies should investigate other potential moderators beyond government support, such as cultural or institutional trust, and apply the UTAUT2 model in other emerging markets or student populations. Impact on Society: The results suggest that cryptocurrency adoption in emerging markets can progress without strong government intervention, being driven instead by individual needs and technological access. This has implications for financial inclusion and digital economy strategies. Future Research: Subsequent studies should consider longitudinal designs, qualitative insights, and comparative analyses with domestic student groups or other regions to deepen contextual understanding.

The marketing channel literature has paid limited attention to institutional environments that constrain buyer–supplier exchanges, though such institutions are fundamental determinants of transaction costs, and thus of the occurrence of opportunism in the buyer–supplier dyads. Drawing on transaction cost economics and institutional theory, this study uncovers the critical influence of formal and informal institutions (i.e., legal effectiveness and networking expenditure) on the use of governance in deterring opportunism, as well as the moderating role of government support on the efficacy of governance mechanism. The findings from a buyer–supplier dyadic survey and 2 secondary datasets reveal that legal effectiveness mitigates opportunism through increased use of both contractual and relational governance; in contrast, networking expenditure reduces opportunism through relational governance, yet increases opportunism via lowering contractual governance. In addition, contractual governance is more efficient in constraining opportunism when government support is high, whereas relational governance deters opportunism more when government support is low. These findings offer important implications for academic research and managerial practice.

PurposeThe aim of this research is to understand how government incentives (financial and non-financial) influence the relationship between green innovation and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in SMEs.Design/methodology/approachTo contribute to the literature, this research uses empirical evidence of 204 Pakistani small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and tests the moderating role of government support between green innovation and SDGs.FindingsThe findings indicate that green innovation has a significant influence on SDGs, community development and environmental activities. The government support significantly strengthens the relationship between green innovation and environmental practices, while it does not moderate the path between green innovation and community development.Practical implicationsThe research recommends SMEs focus on the adoption of green innovation and green technology to protect the environment and facilitate the community. Moreover, the research advises the government to assist SMEs financially and nonfinancially, so they will in turn help in the attainment of SDGs.Originality/valueThis research is the first attempt to assess the importance of green innovation in SDGs with a moderating role of government incentives in emerging SMEs. It provides several useful implications for policymaking.