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"groundwater recharge"
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Delineation of optimal locations for artificial groundwater recharge utilizing MIF and GIS in a semi-arid area
Increased demand for groundwater resources and decreased accessibility require long-term groundwater conservation, particularly in metropolitan settings. The current contribution aims to identify potential groundwater recharge zones in Afghanistan’s Kabul basin through water conservation measures. The study includes the watershed of Kabul City, which directly impacts groundwater from hydrological and hydrogeological points of view. Therefore, considering these conditions, the present study has proposed specific methods for recharging groundwater. A comprehensive approach has been employed, including multi-influencing factors, remote sensing data, and geographic information systems. Geology, geomorphology, lineament density, drainage density, rainfall, soil type, land use and land cover, and slope are geo-environmental factors. The findings show that geology, geomorphology, lineament density, and slope are the major determinants of groundwater recharge in the studied region. According to the appropriateness for groundwater recharge, the projected recharge potential zones of the basin are divided into four groups: very good (8.45% of the area), good (36.4%), moderate (35.4%), and least (19.7%). The very good and good recharge zones cover about half of the basin, making it perfect for various groundwater-recharging techniques. Based on the diversity of geo-environmental factors of the study area, various methods of artificial groundwater recharge have been recommended for different regions. These methods include check dams, contour trenches, recharge wells, and rooftop rainwater harvesting with the addition of recharge wells. The study’s findings will help sustainably develop the area’s groundwater management strategies.
Journal Article
Managed aquifer recharge in MENA countries : developments, applications, challenges, strategies, and sustainability
This text presents an updated state-of-the-art for managed aquifer recharge (MAR) for MENA regions. MENA regions are home to 6% of the world's population but only possess 1.4% of its water resources with almost absolute scarcity. Groundwater is the primary source of water in 54% of MENA countries. Therefore, the MENA regions seek sustainable management solutions amid its arid climate and rising demands from urbanization and agriculture. MAR aims to help sustain groundwater resources. This book explores MAR as a strategic approach to reducing water security by enhancing groundwater supplies. Utilizing techniques such as soil aquifer recharge, aquifer storage and recovery, rainfall harvesting, and riverbank filtration. The presented case studies offer deep insights into MAR methods, their implementation, and MAR technologies.
BOOK
Review: Groundwater recharge estimation in arid and semi-arid southern Africa
Groundwater recharge estimation in arid and semi-arid southern Africa is reviewed based on four decades of recharge investigation in the region. This paper updates an earlier review by incorporating emerging and grey literature from a wide range of research sectors in southern Africa, collected during the past decade. For ease of comparison, methods commonly used are critically reviewed with a rating provided in terms of accuracy, application and costs. These include, but are not limited to, the methods of chloride mass balance (CMB), rainfall infiltration breakthrough (RIB), Extended model for Aquifer Recharge and moisture Transport through unsaturated Hardrock (EARTH), water-table fluctuation (WTF), water balance in the saturated zone (including equal volume spring flow (EVSF) and saturated volume fluctuation (SVF)), and groundwater modelling (GM). As the methods based on mass balance and relationships between rainfall, water-level fluctuations and abstraction are proven to have the potential to simulate and forecast groundwater recharge, the EVSF and CMB methods are highly recommended for use in the southern African region according to this review. Caution on the uncertainty associated with error input and propagation for all the methods is advised, based on a case study in South Africa. The review provides an updated source of references related to recharge estimation in arid and semi-arid regions of Sub-Saharan Africa in general and to ongoing projects for the implementation for Resource Directed Measures (part of the National Water Resources Strategy) in South Africa in particular.
Journal Article
Estimating groundwater recharge
Provides a critical evaluation of the theory and assumptions that underlie methods for estimating rates of groundwater recharge.
Book
The Role of Spatial Planning in Landscape-Based Groundwater Recharge: A Systematic Literature Review
Groundwater is a vital resource for ecosystems, with its recharge process influenced by climate change and urbanization. The transformation of natural and urban landscapes and the over-extraction of groundwater contribute to its depletion and degradation. Groundwater recharge and management are intricately linked to land use and the landscape. Despite this close connection, spatially integrating groundwater recharge strategies in the landscape context remains underexplored. This systematic review synthesizes state-of-the-art research at the intersection of spatial planning, landscapes, and groundwater recharge. We employed a combination of bibliometric visualization and thematic analysis and reviewed 126 studies published between 1990 and April 2024 from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Based on their objectives and outcomes, we found four prominent themes in these clusters: groundwater recharge potential studies, groundwater vulnerability studies, design-based studies, and participatory studies. When organized iteratively, these clusters can become potential building blocks of a framework for a landscape-based groundwater recharge approach. With interdisciplinary collaboration, spatial visualization and mapping, a co-creative design, and a feedback mechanism at its core, this approach can enhance stakeholder communication and translate highly specialized technical knowledge into adaptive, actionable insights. This study also highlights that including spatial design can help develop landscape-based groundwater recharge for long-term sustainable regional development.
Journal Article
Estimating Groundwater Recharge
Understanding groundwater recharge is essential for successful management of water resources and modeling fluid and contaminant transport within the subsurface. This book provides a critical evaluation of the theory and assumptions that underlie methods for estimating rates of groundwater recharge. Detailed explanations of the methods are provided - allowing readers to apply many of the techniques themselves without needing to consult additional references. Numerous practical examples highlight benefits and limitations of each method. Approximately 900 references allow advanced practitioners to pursue additional information on any method. For the first time, theoretical and practical considerations for selecting and applying methods for estimating groundwater recharge are covered in a single volume with uniform presentation. Hydrogeologists, water-resource specialists, civil and agricultural engineers, earth and environmental scientists and agronomists will benefit from this informative and practical book. It can serve as the primary text for a graduate-level course on groundwater recharge or as an adjunct text for courses on groundwater hydrology or hydrogeology. For the benefit of students and instructors, problem sets of varying difficulty are available at http://wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/GW_Unsat/Recharge_Book/
eBook
Groundwater sources, flow patterns, and hydrochemistry of the Central Yinchuan Plain, China
Groundwater in the Yinchuan Plain (China) is a critical domestic resource that is also used for agricultural irrigation and to maintain ecological environments, among other purposes. Recent research has shown that ineffective planning of water resources, along with large-scale groundwater pumping (mining) has led to ecological problems. To further analyze the characteristics of the regional groundwater flow patterns, and guide the development and utilization of water resources, potentiometric, hydrochemical, and isotopic data were collected along a 60-km transect that crosses the middle Yinchuan Plain. The data were used to develop a two-dimensional conceptual model of the sources, flow patterns, and geochemical evolution of groundwater from the Helan Mountains in the west across the Yellow River in the east. An important component of the model is that in the process of groundwater flow from west to east, the flow direction changes due to the influence of a thick fine-grained sandy-clay unit and long-term groundwater pumping. Local lakes and the shallow groundwater system are recharged by water from the Yellow River. Geochemically, water within the proluvial deposits exhibits relatively low concentrations of total dissolved solids. Further east, the water gradually becomes brackish. The geochemical composition of the shallow groundwater beneath the fluviolacustrine plain west of the Yellow River is also controlled by evaporation, precipitation and cation exchange processes. In other areas, groundwater chemistry is mainly controlled by water–rock interactions and cation exchange. This study enhances understanding of groundwater flow in the region, and provides information critical to water resources development and management.
Journal Article
Estimation of the groundwater recharge coefficient by minimizing the sum total error of a regional water balance
The sustainable use of groundwater resources requires that the components of a regional water balance are understood with a high degree of accuracy, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Although groundwater recharge is one of the most important components of a groundwater balance, its rate is one of the most uncertain components. Despite the simplicity and widespread use of water balance method (WB) for estimating groundwater recharge in arid and semi-arid regions, the accuracy of the groundwater recharge estimation depends on the accuracy of the other components in this method, so a reduction in errors that are associated with measuring these can improve the accuracy of recharge estimation. Therefore, the main objective of the current paper was to present a method for estimating groundwater recharge based on minimization of the sum total error of the system water and groundwater balance equations simultaneously. A set of correction coefficients that reflect the error in estimation of each component of balance equations, were applied to different components in annual scale. Reasonable ranges, obtained from error analysis, were considered for the correction coefficients and the sum of absolute errors in the overall system water balance and groundwater balance equations was minimized for the period of study. The proposed method was used to estimate groundwater recharge in Mahvelat basin in Khorasan Razavi province of Iran, as a case study. The minimization process used in this research reduced the error of system water and groundwater balance equations by 55% and 65%, respectively. Moreover, as the results of optimization process on the correction coefficients, the recharge coefficients due to precipitation and irrigation return flow were estimated to be 2% and 16.5%, respectively.
Journal Article
Restriction of groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration due to a fluctuating water table: a study in the Ordos Plateau, China
Improved understanding of interactions among the atmosphere, soil water and groundwater can be achieved by observing time-series of soil-water content and water-table fluctuations in a soil profile. Field observations at a site in China show that from mid-June to mid-September, when evapotranspiration is strong, direct groundwater recharge does not occur, and variations in soil-water content in the shallow part of the unsaturated zone are mainly controlled by atmospheric conditions; however, in the deeper part they are controlled by the fluctuating water table. Therefore, a one-dimensional (1D) model with a variable-head lower boundary condition (BC) is built to interpret the responses of soil-water flow to changes in atmospheric and groundwater conditions, and a 1D model with a fixed-head lower BC corresponding to the mean water-table depth is built for comparison. The model with a variable-head lower BC reproduces the observed variations in soil-water content, and results in much smaller groundwater evapotranspiration than the compared model. Moreover, the model with a variable-head lower BC shows a two-sided damping of variations in the soil-water flux from the surface and from the bottom, thus producing a stable middle layer with limited variation in soil-water flux. The limited but stable upward flux in the middle layer indicates restriction of both the direct recharge and evapotranspiration of groundwater. Therefore, this study enhances understanding of interactions between the atmosphere and groundwater in arid regions, and also on the appropriate selection of the lower BC of 1D variably saturated flow models.
Journal Article