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A new geometry of photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) system is introduced in this study, and the application of Al2O3/water nanofluid as the coolant on the electrical and thermal behavior of a solar system is experimentally evaluated. To intensify the thermal ability of the solar collector, a serpentine half‐pipe cooling system is designed and fabricated behind the solar panel for better cooling. The cells of the panel are assembly on a 3‐mm‐thick aluminum plate, and the Tedlar removes from the system to maximize the heat transfer in the cooling section. A special layer arrangement for the composite panel is used to minimize thermal resistance of the system. Different concentrations of nanofluid samples (0.05–0.5 wt.%) prepared. To increase the stability of prepared nanofluids, suitable surfactants are also used. Based on the obtained results, adding the nanoparticles to the pure water can remarkably raise the efficiency of the PVT apparatus. The best behavior of the solar collector is observed for 0.5 wt.% of nanofluid samples. 126.71% and 7.38% enhancement in terms of thermal and electrical efficiency can be gained by the application of nanofluid in the system compared with pure water, respectively. The best obtained value of the overall efficiency is around 93.73% for the studied system. The maximum temperature rise for water and nanofluid is around 5.5 and 9.1°C, respectively, which confirms the better cooling ability of PVT system by nanofluid compared with water. Layer arrangement of proposed model and overall efficiency of photovoltaic/thermal system versus flow rate and different concentrations of nanofluids.

This study makes a case for the application of the numeric and analytic method of boundary states with perturbations (MBSP) to analytic problems focused on the stress-strain states (SSS) of geometrically non-linear isotropic elastic bodies. The defining relations are represented through a weakly non-linear operator equation that contains (on an additive basis) a non-linear operator decomposable into a linear combination of a sequence of linear operators. A solution is proposed for a simple case of a linearly heterogeneous uniaxial loading problem for a long half-pipe with butt ends subjected to loads. Even in this load scenario, geometrical non-linearity affects the way the body alters its shape and causes buckling. This study analyzes the SSS involved, draws conclusions, and addresses application prospects.

According to the competition rules, the criterion of the score is the judgment of an athlete’s action in the air as well as the height in the air. However, the action of an athlete and the height in the air is contradictory because one cannot reach the highest height and finish the maximum twist at the same time. To find out the best method for athletes to get a high score, we designed a new shape of a snowboard course (half-pipe) in order to maximize the time of \\“flying” in the air as well as optimizing the twist of an athlete in the air by mathematical computation. What’s more, through mathematical analysis, we designed the optimized time of an athlete soaring through the air from the wall of the half-pipe. The analysis of the motion and model of the snowboard course are also demonstrated by computer to make the conclusion more visual.

The suspendome used as the roof of the VIP hall in Tianjin Museum was analyzed by ANASYS under the assumptions of hinged joints and rigid joints in up chord, respectively, and the results show that the member force and nodal displacement under the two assumptions have little difference. Thus, it is attained that the suspendome can be analyzed with the assumption of hinged joints. A full-scale test on the suspendome with half-cable and half-pipe was carried out. The loading system, arrangement of measuring points, and the test procedures are introduced. Also, a test on steel wire ropes for elastic module was carried out. The experimental and theoretical values of member forces and nodal displacements were compared and it showed that they accord well with each other under low-level load. While under high-level load, the experimental value was bigger than the theoretical value due to the influence of the test environment. With the increase of the load, tension of outside cables and looseness of inside cables occurred, which indicated that the prestressing value in inside cables should be properly assigned. Both the experimental and theoretical results verify that the suspendome has a wide application prospect with the advantages of perfect mechanical characteristics, low steel consumption, convenient construction and low cost.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

This chapter contains sections titled: Theories of Membranes, Plates and Shells Displacement Fields of Structural Membrane Elements Displacement Fields of Structural Plate Elements Displacement Fields of Structural Shell Elements Certain Numerical Considerations Examples of Numerical Calculations References

This chapter contains sections titled: Solid Spectral Elements Displacement Fields of Solid Structural Elements Certain Numerical Considerations Modelling Electromechanical Coupling Examples of Numerical Calculations Modelling the Bonding Layer References