Explore the vast range of titles available.

Antibacterial agents are commonly present in aquatic environment at low concentrations. Terrestrial animal farms, human medicine and aquaculture are main sources of water contamination with antibacterials. Antibiotics were proved to be directly toxic to fish causing oxidative stress, general stress response, histopathological lesions, hematological, metabolic, and reproductive disorders, as well as immunosuppressive and genotoxic effects. Environmentally realistic low concentrations of antibiotics also disturb aquatic bacterial communities causing alterations in fish symbiotic microbiota and induce emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria by exerting selective pressure on spread of antibiotic-resistance genes.

Hematological changes is one of the most common complications occurred in cancer patients. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the hematological toxicity of cervical cancer patients before and after the initiation of treatment. The retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2015 to 2022 at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The hematological profile and sociodemographic and clinical data of the cervical cancer patients were collected using data extraction sheets. The Epidata version 3.1 and SPSS version 25 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the data. To compare the median differences in hematological parameters before and after treatment, the Wilcoxon rank test was used. In addition, to assess the presence of an independent association between hematological abnormalities and the independent variables, logistic regression models were used. A p value less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance for all tests. In current study, the median (Interquartile range) of hemoglobin levels, white blood cell counts, and platelet counts, before treatment were 13.2 (12.1, 15) g/dl, 7.5 (5.8, 11.8) *10 9 /L, and 330 (252, 383) *10 9 /L, respectively. However, after treatment the median (Interquartile range) value of hemoglobin levels, white blood cell counts, and platelet counts were significantly lowered. On the other hand, red cell distribution width was significantly greater after treatment. At baseline, the magnitude of leucocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytosis were 27.9%, 24.6%, and 18.7%, respectively. After the treatment, anemia increased to 44.3%, but leucocytosis and thrombocytosis were replaced by leucopenia 18.3% and thrombocytopenia 17.8%, respectively. Hematological abnormalities such as anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia were high after chemo-radiotherapy, and surgery. As the stage of cancer advances, the risk of developing anemia, leucocytosis, and thrombocytosis increased in 7.6, 6.9 and 9 times, respectively. Furthermore, being HIV patients and rural resident increased the risk of developing anemia about twofold. In conclusion hematological abnormalities were observed before and after cervical cancer treatment, with significance increment after chemo-radiotherapy and surgery. As the stage of cancer advances, the risk of developing hematological abnormalities increases. Therefore, routine monitoring of hematological changes before and after treatment and screening for major risk factors are important for improved patients’ management.

This study examines the potential defending effects of the diatom, Amphora coffeaeformis , as a feed additive versus the deleterious effects (mainly on gonads) caused by microplastics (MPs) in Nile tilapia, Oreochromes niloticus . Groups of male tilapia were pre-fed diets with four different supplementation levels of A. coffeaeformis (0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%) for 70 days, then exposed to 10 mg/L MPs for 15 days. Thereafter, samples were taken from the four experimental groups and the control fish group, for evaluating blood picture, erythrocytes alterations, biochemical parameters, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SDO), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). In addition, male reproductive performance was assessed by quantifying the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T), also testicular sections and GSI% were also assessed. The results showed that the number of leucocytes were significantly ( p < 0.05) higher, but the number of red blood cells (RBCs), the level of Hemoglobin (Hb), the percentage of Hematocrit (Ht), the number of platelets, and the eosinophil percentages were significantly decreased ( p < 0.05) when fish exposed to MPs. Biochemical parameters (ALP, glucose, uric acid, albumin, and A/G ratio) were significantly increased after MP exposure compared with the control group. Furthermore, MPs induced a significant decline in both serum LH and T levels. Testicular, histological, degenerative changes and testis-ova were found in the MP-exposed fish. Thus, A. coffeaeformis supplementation displayed ameliorative properties that detoxified the negative effects of MPs. This study provides a better understanding of the reproductive injuries caused by MPs exposure and evidence for the use of A. coffeaeformis as a natural remedy in freshwater tilapia.

Background: Dengue fever is a painful febrile illness caused by a mosquito-borne Arbovirus. Epidemic episodes often occur during the rainy season. Complete blood count (CBC) is essential in patients with dengue fever and serological tests are necessary to confirm it. This study aimed to evaluate the hematological changes in dengue fever patients in Jashore Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Jashore Medical college Hospital, Bangladesh from July 2023 to Decembar 2023. The study involved 177 dengue fever patients identified through NS1 and/or IgM antibody tests. Purposive sampling was used for patient selection, and data analysis utilized SPSS version 23.0. Results: Analysis of hematological parameters on the 1st and 3rd days indicated significant shifts in platelet, leucocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts. Platelet count decreased from 99.67±96.17 x 109/L to 82.72±60.84 x 109/L (p=0.048). Leucocyte count rose from 6.43±3.01 x 109/L to 7.85±5.58 x 109/L (p=0.003), while neutrophil count decreased from 6.31±1.38 x 109/L to 5.44±1.36 x 109/L (p<0.001). Lymphocyte count also increased from 3.06±1.80 x 109/L to 3.78±1.19 x 109/L (p<0.001). No significant shifts were observed in hemoglobin (p=0.579) or hematocrit (p=0.639) levels. Conclusion: Among dengue fever patients, platelet and neutrophil counts decrease while leukocyte and lymphocyte counts increase significantly between the 1st and 3rd days. However, there are no significant shifts observed in hemoglobin or hematocrit levels in the same tenure. J MEDICINE 2025; 26: 43-47

COVID-19 is a systemic infection that leads to multisystem affection, including hematological changes. On the other hand, the patients who have certain hematological diseases are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection. The aim of this review is to examine the wide spectrum of hematological changes that are reported to occur due to COVID-19 infection. Most of the studies over the past year mainly show that most of these changes are mainly non-specific, but are of prognostic value. On the other hand, the susceptibility of hematological patients to COVID-19 infection and complications remains questionable. Patients with certain hematological diseases (including malignancy) and those who are treated by aggressive immunosuppressive therapy have shown higher rates of COVID-19 infection and complications. On the other hand, for most of the patients suffering from other chronic hematological conditions, no evidence has shown a greater risk of infection, compared to the general population.

Introduction: Studies have documented the role of the “neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio” (NLR) in influenza virus infection. In addition, morphometric parameters derived from automated analyzers on the volume, scatter and conductivity of monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes in many viral etiologies have helped with their early differentiation. With this background, we aimed to characterize the hematological changes of coronavirus-positive cases and also compare them with the healthy controls and patients affected by non-COVID Influenza-like illnesses so that early isolation could be considered. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study carried out in the years 2020–2022. All cases with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 Influenza-like illnesses and healthy controls above 18 years were included. Cases were diagnosed according to the WHO guidelines. All samples were processed on a Unicel DxH 800 (Beckman Coulter, California, USA) automated hematology analyzer. The demographic, clinical and regular hematological parameters along with additional parameters such as volume, conductivity and scatter (VCS) of the three groups were compared. Results: The 169 COVID-19 cases were in the moderate to severe category. Compared with 140 healthy controls, the majority of the routine hematological values including the NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) and PLR (platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio) showed statistically significant differences. A cutoff of an absolute neutrophil count of 4350 cell/cumm was found to have a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 70% in differentiating moderate and severe COVID-19 cases from healthy controls. COVID-19 and the non-COVID-19 Influenza-like illnesses were similar statistically in all parameters except the PLR, mean neutrophilic and monocytic volume, scatter parameters in neutrophils, axial light loss in monocytes and NLR. Interestingly, there was a trend of higher mean volumes and scatter in neutrophils and monocytes in COVID-19 cases as compared to non-COVID-19 Influenza-like illnesses. Conclusion: We demonstrated morphological changes in neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes in COVID-19 infection and also non-COVID-19 Influenza-like illnesses with the help of VCS parameters. A cutoff for the absolute neutrophils count was able to differentiate COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalization from healthy controls and eosinopenia was a characteristic finding in cases with COVID-19 infection.

Pregnancy is a state characterized by many physiological hematological changes, which may appear to be pathological in the non-pregnant state. The review highlights most of these changes along with the scientific basis for the same, as per the current knowledge, with a special reference to the red blood and white blood cells, platelets and hemostatic profile.

Background: Red blood cells go through a number of metabolic changes throughout the course of a 0-35 day storage period at 1 to 6oC. The sodium/potassium pump is immobilized, resulting in a drop in intracellular potassium with an increase in cytoplasmic sodium levels, a fall in glucose levels, acidosis as a result of low pH levels, and other alterations known as \"storage lesions\" during the storage phase. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the oxidative condition of red blood cells during storage, as well as certain related characteristics. Study Design and Methods: The whole blood was drawn and placed in a citrate-phosphate-dextrose adenine anticoagulant (CPDA). Blood samples were collected in the appropriate tube for each test at various storage times (zero, 7, 14, 21, and 35 days). All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS ver. 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: All the studied parameters showed significant differences at 35 days of storage when compared to zero time. The pH level decreases over the storage period. After 35 days, the average extracellular K+ level rose from 4.23 mmol/L at zero time to 29.86mmol/L. There was a slight increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) as a result of RBC storage. Discussion: This study demonstrated that, when care was made to assess pH and potassium ion concentrations to increase blood safety, red blood cells preserved in current storage media that retained their properties had acceptable transfusion quality.

HIV infection profoundly impacts both the immune and hematologic systems. This retrospective study aimed to assess the effect of CD4 + T-cell depletion on peripheral immune and hematologic cell populations in 1293 people living with HIV (PLWH). Patients with CD4 + counts < 200 cells/µL exhibited significant reductions in neutrophils (4000 ± 1200 cells/µL), eosinophils (150 ± 50 cells/µL), basophils (30 ± 10 cells/µL), monocytes (300 ± 100 cells/µL), erythrocytes (4.3 ± 0.6 × 10 6 /µL), and platelets (268 ± 78 × 10 3 /µL). As evaluated in 93 PLWH cases, B cells showed a similar trend (150 ± 50 cells/µL), while the decrease of NK cells was not significant (200 ± 70 cells/µL),. In parallel, we observed a compensatory increase in CD8 + T lymphocytes (850 ± 300 cells/µL). These findings highlight the complex interplay between CD4 + T-cell depletion and both immune and hematologic cells in the context of HIV infection, which emphasizes the need for integrated monitoring to inform targeted interventions and optimize clinical outcomes.

Graphical Abstract   Highlight Research The grass carp was the species used in this study due to its ecological significance and sensitivity to pollutants. The study examined both acute and chronic toxicity effects of pesticides on grass carp to understand their immediate and long-term impact. Harmful effects on hematological profile of Grass carp fish were observed and hence are deleterious to aquatic life and environment. Biochemical changes observed, Emamectin Benzoate found more toxic than Acetochlor and Acetochlor is more toxic than Topsin-M.     Abstract This study investigates the novel combined effects of Emamectin Benzoate (pesticide), Acetochlor (herbicide), and Topsin-M (fungicide) on hematological and biochemical profiles in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), to fill critical gaps in understanding their ecotoxicological impacts on aquatic health and sustainable fisheries. Fishes from farm in Gujranwala were acclimatized in a freshwater aquarium laboratory for a week, then divided into four groups (E1, E2, E3, and E4) exposed to pesticide, herbicide, and fungicide concentrations for 5 and 14 days. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical parameters. Exposure to Emamectin Benzoate induces significant increase in WBCs, neutrophils, MCV, MCH, and platelets, while a significant decrease was found in RBCs, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, PCV, and MCHC concentration. Acute toxicity of Acetochlor showed an increase in WBCs, neutrophils, MCV, MCH contents, and platelets, while a decrease in RBCs, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, PCV, and MCHC contents was noted. Effects of Topsin-M showed an increase in WBCs, neutrophils, MCV, MCH contents, and platelets. However, a significant decrease in RBCs, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, PCV, and MCHC contents has been observed. It reveals that Uric acid, serum lipase, Sodium, Phosphorous, Bilirubin, and Potassium increased significantly. Exposure to chemicals induced significant declines in the levels of Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Triglyceride, HDL Cholesterol, SGPT (ALT) Creatinine, and ALK Phosphatase which caused illness in fish. This study shows potential for biomonitoring of aquatic environments.