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Christian Heroism
According to Nietzsche, Judaism and Christianity destroyed the possibility of heroism. In his account, Christianity champions life-denying weakness and servile submission, while treating lifeaffirming strength, self-assertion, and accomplishment as evil. Without the pull of love, a strong and gifted man cannot escape the gravitational force of worldly calculations; he cannot overcome the instinct of self-preservation. In the worship of the Catholic Church, believers recite litanies of saints, nearly all of whom were martyred for their faith. [...]modern objections to Christianity turn on one or another concern that the life of faith is too extreme and \"irresponsible.\"
Journal Article
Rebirth and Renewal of Heroes in Crime and Punishment and Siddhartha
Literature is perhaps the best medium to vent out. The masterpieces under discussion have been juxtaposed to find out similarities and differences within. Astonishingly, both are quests aimed at the larger question in life, meaning of existence. However, they both approach this question differently. The study at hand tries to find out some of the similarities in the differences making it very viable for further investigation. Siddhartha, on one hand, is weary of the traditional belief system he has inherited and endeavors to unearth something more holistic. While Raskolnikov is bent on rebellion to the existing set of rules and laws. He tries to surpass them to justify his struggle. Fortunately, both men do experience what they set out for. However, the existential burden they carry is far too heavy. An implied connection to existentialism whether philosophical or Christian has been attempted – in the case of Siddhartha a primitive incompleteness and a modern disenchantment with over-completeness with respect to Raskolnikov. Thus, the representation of both the protagonists results in nonconformity. The study explores how both men overthrow what exists and consequently grapple with their own existence.
Journal Article
Overthinking Heroism
The author responds to the essay Who's Afraid of Cowardice? by Matthew Loftus.
Journal Article
'Lower than a Snake's Belly': Discursive Constructions of Dignity and Heroism in Low-Status Garbage Work
In this paper, we consider how dignity is discursively constructed in the context of work dominated by physicality and dirt. Based on semi-structured interviews with garbage workers, our analysis considers how the deprivations they experience are cast through discourses intended to construct their individual and collective worth. We consider the manner in which dignity maybe denied to such workers through popular repudiations of individuality and status. We demonstrate how this positioning arises from contact with physical dirt, and associations with socially dirty work based on ascriptions of servility, abuse and ambivalence. We go on to consider how garbage workers respond to this positioning through discourses of 'everyday heroism'. Heroism is evoked through three interrelated narratives that speaks to a particular type of masculinity. The first takes the form of a classic process of refraining and recalibration through which workers not only renegotiate their public position and status, but also point to the inherent value to be had in working with dirt as part of that which we identify as a process of 'affirmation'. The second narrative arises from the imposition of favourable social and occupational comparisons that effectively elevate garbage collectors' social position. The third discourse—and previously unobserved in respect of garbage work—centres on paternalistic practices of care. Combined, these discourses disrupt the generally held view that dirty work is antithetical to heroism and wounds dignity.
Journal Article