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In the present study, the Cu-(1 wt%–6 wt%) Ag alloys were prepared by melting, forging and wire drawing. The effects of plastic deformation on microstructure evolution and properties of the alloys were investigated. The results show that non-equilibrium eutectic colonies exist in the Cu- (3 wt%–6 wt%) Ag alloy and no eutectic colonies in the 1 wt%–2 wt% Ag containing alloys. These eutectic colonies are aligned along the drawing direction and refined with the increase of draw ratio. Attributed to the refinement of eutectic colonies, the Cu-Ag alloy exhibits higher strength with the increase of draw ratio. The Cu-6Ag alloy exhibits excellent comprehensive properties with a strength of 930 MPa and a conductivity of 82 %IACS when the draw ratio reaches 5.7.

Purpose Electronic components’ efficiency is the cornerstone of technology progress. The cooling process used for electronic components plays a main role in their performance. Embedded high-conductivity material and provided microchannel heat sink are two common cooling methods. The former is expensive to implement while the latter needs micro-pump, which consumes energy to circulate the flow. The aim of this study is providing a new configuration and method for improving the performance of electronic components. Design/methodology/approach To manage these challenges and improve the cooling efficiency, a novel method named Hybrid is presented here. Each method's performance has been investigated, and the results are widely compared with others. Considering the micro-pump power, the supply of the microchannel flow and the thermal conductivity ratio (thermal conductivity ratio is defined as the ratio of thermal conductivity of high thermal conductivity material to the thermal conductivity of base solid), the maximum disk temperature of each method was evaluated and compared to others. Findings The results indicated that the Hybrid method can reduce the maximum disk temperature up to 90 per cent compared to the embedded high thermal conductivity at the same thermal conductivity ratio. Moreover, the Hybrid method further reduces the maximum disk temperature up to 75 per cent compared to the microchannel, at equivalent power consumption. Originality/value The information in this research is presented in such a way that designers can choose the desired composition, the limited amount of consumed energy and the high temperature of the component. According to the study of radial-hybrid configuration, the different ratio of microchannel and materials with a high thermal conductivity coefficient in the constant cooling volume was investigated. The goal of the investigation was to decrease the maximum temperature of a plate on constant energy consumption. This aim has been obtained in the radial-hybrid configuration.

Flexible and low-cost poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based electrolytes are promising for all-solid-state Li-metal batteries because of their compatibility with a metallic lithium anode. However, the low room-temperature Li-ion conductivity of PEO solid electrolytes and severe lithium-dendrite growth limit their application in high-energy Li-metal batteries. Here we prepared a PEO/perovskite Li3/8Sr7/16Ta3/4Zr1/4O₃ composite electrolyte with a Li-ion conductivity of 5.4 × 10−5 and 3.5 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 25 and 45 °C, respectively; the strong interaction between the F⁻ of TFSI⁻ (bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide) and the surface Ta5+ of the perovskite improves the Li-ion transport at the PEO/perovskite interface. A symmetric Li/composite electrolyte/Li cell shows an excellent cyclability at a high current density up to 0.6 mA cm−2. A solid electrolyte interphase layer formed in situ between the metallic lithium anode and the composite electrolyte suppresses lithium-dendrite formation and growth. All-solid-state Li|LiFePO₄ and high-voltage Li|LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O₂ batteries with the composite electrolyte have an impressive performance with high Coulombic efficiencies, small overpotentials, and good cycling stability.

In this paper, Cu-6 wt%Ag alloy sheets were prepared using vacuum induction melting, heat treatment, and cold working rolling. We investigated the influence of the aging cooling rate on the microstructure and properties of Cu-6 wt%Ag alloy sheets. By reducing the cooling rate of the aging treatment, the mechanical properties of the cold-rolled Cu-6 wt%Ag alloy sheets were improved. The cold-rolled Cu-6 wt%Ag alloy sheet achieves a tensile strength of 1003 MPa and an electrical conductivity of 75% IACS (International Annealing Copper Standard), which is superior to the alloy fabricated with other methods. SEM characterization shows that the change in properties of the Cu-6 wt%Ag alloy sheets with the same deformation is due to a precipitation of the nano-Ag phase. The high-performance Cu-Ag sheets are expected to be used as Bitter disks for water-cooled high-field magnets.

Herein, we report a flexible high-conductivity transparent electrode (denoted as S-PH1000), based on conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and itsapplication to flexible semi-transparentsupercapacitors. A high conductivity of 2673 S/cm was achieved for the S-PH1000 electrode on flexible plastic substrates via a H2SO4 treatment with an optimized concentration of 80 wt.%. This is among the top electrical conductivities of PEDOT:PSS films processed on flexible substrates. As for the electrochemical properties,a high specific capacitance of 161F/g was obtained from the S-PH1000 electrode at a current density of 1 A/g. Excitingly, a specific capacitance of 121 F/g was retained even when the current density increased to 100 A/g, which demonstrates the high-rate property of this electrode. Flexible semi-transparent supercapacitors based on these electrodes demonstrate high transparency, over 60%, at 550 nm. A high power density value, over 19,200 W/kg,and energy density, over 3.40 Wh/kg, was achieved. The semi-transparent flexible supercapacitor was successfully applied topower a light-emitting diode.

A Cu-0.4Mg (wt.%) alloy with high strength and high conductivity was fabricated by upward continuous casting and multi-pass drawing at room temperature. The microstructure, properties and strengthening mechanism of the Cu-0.4Mg alloy were studied. Results show that Cu-0.4Mg alloy reveals excellent comprehensive properties of ultimate tensile strength of 717 MPa and electrical conductivity of 70.4% IACS. The increment of strength was mainly contributed by grain refinement and dislocation strengthening. As the preparation method is simple and effective, it is a potential method for industrial production.

The recent discovery of high- superconductivity in hydrogen-rich materials has driven significant progress in superconductor research, particularly in binary and ternary hydrides. However, more complex hydrogen-rich systems remain largely unexplored. Our analysis suggests that while quaternary hydrides adhere to key design principles identified in simpler systems, their distribution within the relevant chemical space is notably sparse, underscoring the need for targeted investigations. By applying stringent selection criteria based on hydrogen fraction, mass ratio, and electronegativity, we systematically reduce the initial database of 38,517,336 possible quaternary hydrides to 1,060,019 promising candidates, representing just 2.75% of the total compositional space. This focused approach enhances the efficiency of computational screening and experimental validation by prioritizing materials with the highest likelihood of exhibiting superconductivity. The results provide a well-defined framework for the discovery of next-generation superconductors, guiding both theoretical exploration and experimental synthesis.

Electrical-conductivity anomalies in subduction zones are believed to be strongly connected with global water cycling, volcanism and seismicity. However, the causal atomic-scale processes related to conductivity of rock-forming minerals in subducting rocks are virtually unknown. Here, in situ simultaneous high-temperature Raman spectroscopy and resistivity measurements on riebeckite as a model Fe-rich amphibole in subduction zones show that (1) electronic small polarons, with high mobility along the c -axis of the amphibole structure, activate above 500 K; (2) H + starts diffusing within the crystal above 650 K, although electron transport via polaron hopping is still the dominant mechanism of charge transfer; (3) the anisotropy in the conductivity is enhanced with increasing temperature, emphasizing the dominant role of e − over H + in causing the high conductivity (above 0.01 S/m) of Fe-rich amphiboles. We show that conductivity data obtained via magnetotelluric measurements are best modelled by considering the effect of stress-driven alignment of amphiboles during plate motion. Our results thus link atomic- and Earth-scale conductivity processes, significantly improving our understanding of subduction processes.

Conventional glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) cannot meet the requirements of future electrodes for wider use due to low conductivity, high cost, non-portability, and lack of flexibility. Therefore, cost-effective and wearable electrode enabling rapid and versatile molecule detection is becoming important, especially with the ever-increasing demand for health monitoring and point-of-care diagnosis. Graphene is considered as an ideal electrode due to its excellent physicochemical properties. Here, we prepare graphene film with ultra-high conductivity and customize the 3-electrode system via a facile and highly controllable laser engraving approach. Benefiting from the ultra-high conductivity (5.65 × 105 Sm−1), the 3-electrode system can be used as multifunctional electrode for direct detection of dopamine (DA) and enzyme-based detection of glucose without further metal deposition. The dynamic ranges from 1–200 µM to 0.5–8.0 mM were observed for DA and glucose, respectively, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 µM and 0.41 mM. Overall, the excellent target detection capability caused by the ultra-high conductivity and ease modification of graphene films, together with their superb mechanical properties and ease of mass-produced, provides clear potential not only for replacing GCE for various electrochemical studies but also for the development of portable and highperformance electrochemical wearable medical devices.

Interpretation of deep earth structures from electromagnetic data requires the constraint from the electrical conductivity of various minerals experimentally measured at high temperature and high pressure. However, the combination of these measured conductivities of different minerals always fails to match the conductivities of the multiphase rocks under in-situ conditions. To investigate the effect of ion segregation at grain boundaries on bulk conductivity, we measured the electrical conductivities of quartz, albite, and orthoclase single-phase aggregates, as well as those of two multiphase aggregates made up of the three minerals at both ambient pressure and 1 GPa over a range of temperatures. The electrical conductivities of the multiphase aggregates were an order of magnitude higher and the activation enthalpies were lower than those of the three single-phase aggregates. A significant dependence of conductivity on grain size was identified in the multiphase aggregates but not in the single-phase aggregates. The interdiffusion of alkali ions between orthoclase and albite initiated grain boundary ionic conduction, which enhanced the bulk conductivity of the multiphase aggregates to 20 S/m at 1073 K. This conduction mechanism might explain the electrical conductivity anomalies of the active shear zone in the crust.