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Highrise : the towers in the world & the world in the towers
\"From the multi-story dwellings of Ancient Rome to the soaring glass skyscrapers of today, for thousands of years humans have used highrises to house the poor, protect the rich and sometimes narrow the gap between the two. Highrise first examines the history of vertical living in a chapter on the origins, technological triumphs, social failures and future of the highrise. The book then invites young adult readers into homes around the world. Through the lens of the highrise, readers will learn about 10 cities and hear stories that capture what life is like in these diverse places. In addition to being windows on different cultures and experiences, the stories from these cities cover important and, at times, challenging issues that residents must face--from a young mother in the West Bank who cannot visit her parents in Gaza to an LGBTQ activist in China who must hide her sexual orientation from her family. Highrise is a bold and unique volume that illuminates life on our urban planet like never before\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Research on Wind Environment and Morphological Effects of High-Rise Buildings in Macau: An Example from the New Reclamation Area around Areia Preta
The Macau peninsula is close to the tropical ocean, with a high population density and a large number of high-rise buildings, which require a windy environment with good ventilation and heat dissipation. Based on residential samples and the degree of agglomeration, the high-rise residential area in Areia Preta was selected as the focus of this study. Meanwhile, summer typhoons pose serious safety risks to high-rise buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to study the connection between spatial form and the wind environment. First of all, this research is based on relevant concepts and the wind environment evaluation system of high-rise buildings and conducts research on high-rise residential areas in Areia Preta. PHOENICS software is used to simulate the prevailing monsoon in winter and summer, as well as a typhoon in an extreme wind environment, and summarize the wind environment’s characteristics. Secondly, by comparing the parameter calculation and simulation results, the possible relationship between the causes of each wind field is studied. Finally, conclusions are drawn about the urban form and wind environment of the site, and corresponding control strategies are proposed to reduce the shielding effect between buildings and typhoon damage. It can be used as a theoretical basis and reference point for urban construction and high-rise building planning and layout.
Journal Article
Bird–building collisions in the United States: Estimates of annual mortality and species vulnerability
Building collisions, and particularly collisions with windows, are a major anthropogenic threat to birds, with rough estimates of between 100 million and 1 billion birds killed annually in the United States. However, no current U.S. estimates are based on systematic analysis of multiple data sources. We reviewed the published literature and acquired unpublished datasets to systematically quantify bird–building collision mortality and species-specific vulnerability. Based on 23 studies, we estimate that between 365 and 988 million birds (median = 599 million) are killed annually by building collisions in the U.S., with roughly 56% of mortality at low-rises, 44% at residences, and <1% at high-rises. Based on >92,000 fatality records, and after controlling for population abundance and range overlap with study sites, we identified several species that are disproportionately vulnerable to collisions at all building types. In addition, several species listed as national Birds of Conservation Concern due to their declining populations were identified to be highly vulnerable to building collisions, including Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera), Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris), Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis), Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), Kentucky Warbler (Geothlypis formosa), and Worm-eating Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorum). The identification of these five migratory species with geographic ranges limited to eastern and central North America reflects seasonal and regional biases in the currently available building-collision data. Most sampling has occurred during migration and in the eastern U.S. Further research across seasons and in underrepresented regions is needed to reduce this bias. Nonetheless, we provide quantitative evidence to support the conclusion that building collisions are second only to feral and free-ranging pet cats, which are estimated to kill roughly four times as many birds each year, as the largest source of direct human-caused mortality for U.S. birds.
Journal Article
Show me the bodies : how we let Grenfell happen
The truth about Grenfell at long last. It is hardly possible to admit it. That the biggest tower block fire in UK history was preventable. The government had been warned for years that the building materials were not fire safe. Up until 14th June 2017, ministers' response had always been: 'Show me the bodies.' Journalist Peter Apps weaves poignant survivor testimony with the detailed decision-making that led to that fateful night. In bringing the unfolding tragedy to life, he exposes exactly where things have gone wrong with social housing so that it can never happen again.
Book
Window View and the Brain: Effects of Floor Level and Green Cover on the Alpha and Beta Rhythms in a Passive Exposure EEG Experiment
With the growing interest among researchers, practitioners, and urban decision makers in the influence of the built environment on peoples’ health, there is increasing emphasis on using scientific knowledge to inform urban design, including methods of neuroscience. As window views are the most immediate medium of visual connection with one’s neighbourhood, we surmised that the quality of this view would have an impact on the mental health and well-being of urban dwellers. Accordingly, we investigated how window views taken from different floors of a high-rise block with varying extents of green cover affected 29 healthy residents in an exploratory electroencephalography (EEG) experiment. The results showed that the amount of green cover within the view captured at different floor levels can cause an important interaction effect on the frontal alpha and temporal beta brain oscillations while participants view photographs. These results suggest that the brainwave patterns commonly associated with positive emotional states, motivation, and visual attention mechanisms may be increased by the extent of green cover within the view. This phenomenon seems more pronounced on the higher than lower floors. The observed findings at this stage cannot confirm major effects between floor level, green cover, and brainwaves, however, they emphasize the importance of considering the quality of window views in the planning and design of urban high-rise neighbourhoods. Having a green window view can potentially contribute to the mental health and well-being of urban dwellers.
Journal Article
Review of Vibration Control Strategies of High-Rise Buildings
Since the early ages of human existence on Earth, humans have fought against natural hazards for survival. Over time, the most dangerous hazards humanity has faced are earthquakes and strong winds. Since then and till nowadays, the challenges are ongoing to construct higher buildings that can withstand the forces of nature. This paper is a detailed review of various vibration control strategies used to enhance the dynamical response of high-rise buildings. Hence, different control strategies studied and used in civil engineering are presented with illustrations of real applications if existing. The main aim of this review paper is to provide a reference-rich document for all the contributors to the vibration control of structures. This paper will clarify the applicability of specific control strategies for high-rise buildings. It is worth noting that not all the studied and investigated methods are applicable to high-rise buildings; a few of them remain limited by many parameters such as cost-effectiveness and engineering-wise installation and maintenance.
Journal Article
Stakeholder collaboration to mitigate constraints to delivering low-carbon buildings: insights from high-rise high-density cities
PurposeDespite carbon reduction commitments, many constraints hinder the delivery of low-carbon buildings (LCBs) in high-rise high-density cities. The collaborative commitment of relevant stakeholders is vital to effectively address and mitigate these constraints. Hence, this study aims to comprehensively explore the required stakeholder collaboration attributes to address and mitigate the “common” constraints of delivering LCBs by focussing on several high-rise high-density cities.Design/methodology/approachA list of 21 “significant and common” constraints was identified through a systematic literature review followed by a questionnaire survey covering five economies (Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, Qatar and the UAE). Nineteen influential stakeholders/stakeholder categories were identified through the literature, and their ability to influence the 21 constraints was mapped and identified through a two-round Delphi survey of 15 experienced professionals. The Delphi survey findings were analysed through social network analysis (SNA) methods to assess the stakeholder engagement and collaboration attributes.FindingsThe SNA results revealed the ability of stakeholders to influence the constraints, required collaborative stakeholder networks to address the constraints, significance of stakeholders according to the SNA centrality measures, core and periphery stakeholders and individual co-affiliation networks of core stakeholders.Originality/valueWhile achieving the planned primary target of exploring stakeholder collaboration and their significance through SNA, this study also presents a useful sequential methodological approach for future researchers to conduct similar studies in different contexts. The findings also provide a foundation for accelerating the delivery of LCBs by strengthening stakeholder collaboration.
Journal Article
Study on Evacuation Strategy of Commercial High-Rise Building under Fire Based on FDS and Pathfinder
With the development of economy and society and the growth of population, the high-rise and multi-function of commercial buildings have become an international trend. But it also poses huge fire hazards. Most of the existing studies’ research objects are predominantly high-rise residential buildings, without considering the impact of different functional zones (Standard floor, entertainment zone, office zone, equipment room and so on) and personnel distribution of commercial buildings evacuation. And the influence of using elevators to carry evacuees on the refuge floor on personnel evacuation is rarely studied. In this work, the fire scenario of the Yangtze River International Conference Center, a high-rise commercial building, is simulated with the Pyrosim program to get the necessary parameters under various fire scenarios and to calculate the available evacuation time TASET. At the same time, according to the complex functional zone of the commercial high-rise building and the distribution of people in different time periods, a reasonable evacuation strategy is developed and simulated by Pathfinder software. The results indicate that unorganized evacuation will lead individuals to take the erroneous evacuation route, resulting in a vast region of congestion; comprehensive consideration of the time staggering and the reasonable distribution of evacuation routes can significantly improve evacuation efficiency, and the TRSET of night and working hours is 36.6%–55.3% and 49.9%–79.6% of unorganized evacuation, respectively. For the night fire, 60% of the people use elevator-refuge floor to evacuate is the optimal strategy; for the fire during working hours, half of the people on standard floors use the elevator to evacuate and people on multifunctional floors evacuate in four batches is the best plan. The results of this study can provide viable solutions and a foundation for analyzing the fire evacuation and safety of big commercial high-rise buildings.
Journal Article
A Multiple Survey Network for Super High-Rise Building
Super high-rise building is one kind of common modern construction mode. The increasing height makes the establishment more complex than the ordinary building’s construction and brings more risks to project management. The work of the survey includes a control survey network and construction survey, in which the majority job is setting out the accurate location and monitor the structures, supplies guarantee to project management to meet the requirements of quality, time, and budget. In this paper, a true super high-rise building case is introduced to show how a multiple survey network designed to guardian the safety and quality of the project.
Journal Article