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This work is to demonstrate a low cost and time-conserving technique to create nano-trenches by transferring nano-scale polymeric sidewalls into substrate. The polymeric sidewall is a vertically spreading layer deposited by spin-coating a polymer solution on a vertical template. By varying processing parameters such as the solution concentration or the spin-coating speed, the dimension of the sidewall can be changed, which, after pattern transfer, also changes the nano-trench dimension. In this work, high-resolution trenches of about 15 nm have been achieved after transferring straight line sidewalls into substrate. Other than straight line sidewall patterns, this method also fabricates ring-shaped patterns including circles, squares, and concentric squares. With various shapes of sidewall patterns, this technique has a potential to implement other practical applications such as fabricating high-resolution nanoimprint molds of 15 nm.

With the use of metagenomic next-generation sequencing, patients diagnosed with Whipple pneumonia are being increasingly correctly diagnosed. We report a series of 3 cases in China that showed a novel pattern of movable infiltrates and upper lung micronodules. After treatment, the 3 patients recovered, and lung infiltrates resolved.

This paper discusses a comprehensive failure analysis approach to digital failures. High-resolution targeted patterns (HRTP) are highlighted along with their advantages in failure analysis by aiding in automated test pattern generation (ATPG) diagnoses resolution improvement, increasing the chance of detecting fault not detected by patterns implemented on automated test equipment (ATE), determine a potential test screen, provide stimulus for further fault localization, and increase the analysis success rate. This comprehensive approach and the use of HRTP have proven very helpful in the analysis of internal requests and customer returns. Three cases will be discussed in this paper to highlight these advantages.

The increasing automobile repair industries (ARIs) with spray facilities have become an important volatile organic compound (VOC) pollution source in China. However, the VOC health risk assessment for long-term exposure in ARIs has not been well characterized. In this study, though sampled VOCs from 51 typical ARIs in Beijing, the relationship between emission patterns, average daily exposure concentrations (EC), and health risks was comprehensively analyzed with the health assessment method. Results showed that concentrations of 117 VOCs from the samples ranged from 68.53 to 19863.32 μg·m −3 , while the ARI operator’s daily VOC inhalation EC was 11.24–1460.70 μg·m −3 . The organic VOC (OVOC) concentration accounted for 73.16 ~ 94.52% in the solvent-based paint workshops, while aromatics were the main VOC component in water-based paint spraying (WPS) workshops, accounting for 70.08%, respectively. And the method of inhalation exposure health risk assessment was firstly used to evaluate carcinogenicity and non-carcinogenicity risk for sprayers in ARIs. The cumulative lifetime carcinogenic risk ( LCR ) for 24 sampled VOCs were within acceptable ranges, while the mean hazard index ( HI ) for 1 year with 44 sampled VOCs was over 1. Among them, ethyl alcohol had a high carcinogenic risk in both mixed water-based paint (MP) and solvent-based paint workshops. The mean HI associated with aromatics were 2.88E − 3 and 4.30E − 3 for 1 h in MP and WPS workshops. O-ethyl toluene and acetone are VOC components that need to be paid attention to in future paint raw materials and spraying operations. Our study will provide the important references for the standard of VOC occupational exposure health limits in ARIs.

Introduction: The Congo Basin forests, a crucial global carbon sink, are expected to face increased challenges of climate change by 2027, with an expected temperature rise of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, accompanied by increased humidity conditions. However, studies that try to understand their functioning and untangle the species-specific responses about how weather conditions impact secondary growth dynamics are still rare.Methods: Here we present the results of a study on diel and annual stem growth in 17 trees, belonging to 11 most abundant species, both canopy and understory, in the Mayombe forest (Congo Basin) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). We measured highly-resolved radial stem size variations and weather conditions, to comprehend the ongoing patterns of secondary growth and examine the potential influence of projected weather conditions on them.Results: We found that at the diel scale, trees probably grow mainly from 6pm to 9am, and that at the annual scale, they grow mainly during the rainy season, from October to May. Some trees grow year-round, while others stop growing for a period ranging from 1 to 4 months. This growth cessation typically occurs during the dry season from June to September. A generalized linear mixed-effect model revealed that annual radial stem growth is positively related to rainfall.Discussion: Our results suggest that trees in the study site have a significant potential to cope with the projected 1.5°C increase in global temperature and an additional 50 mm of local rainfall. Trees of the species T. superba exhibited improved growth under the projected scenarios. For the other tree species, no significant difference in growth was observed between the predicted and observed scenarios. We believe that much remains to be done to better understand the tree growth-climate interaction of the large variety of tree species in the Congo Basin.

In the paper, selected aspects of LTCC technology for fabrication of passive elements for microwave application are presented. The research effect is based on the example of experimental 3-D antenna performed for a sub-THz scanner. For the described methods of antennas performance the achieved printing quality have been determined basing on observations using a digital microscope Hirox KH7700 and measurements of geometrical dimensions. The impact of geometrical structure dimensions and printed pattern resolution on its working abilities is also discussed. The main emphasis of the research work is on high resolution metallization obtainment by modification of screen printing parameters and conditions (the angle and pressure of squeegee, the mesh size), laser ablation and co-firing profile.

We describe four patients with proven sarcoidosis and minor pulmonary involvement according to high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings in whom the recently described sign of decreased attenuation on expiratory HRCT scan appeared associated with the reduction of the single-breath diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (Dlco) and the Dlco adjusted for alveolar volume. These alterations were, in part, reversible under steroid treatment. Major indexes of airway obstruction (FEV1/vital capacity ratio and FEV1) were normal, while the maximum expiratory flow at 25% above the residual volume of FVC was reduced. These observations suggest that an expiratory HRCT mosaic pattern and diffusion impairment may be early findings in pulmonary sarcoidosis and may be useful for its detection and follow-up.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Three Basic Approaches to Isotope Pattern Recognition The Importance of Lineshape Calibration Spectral Accuracy Formula Determination with Quadrupole MS Formula Determination with High‐Resolution MS Conclusions and Future Directions References

We describe four patients with proven sarcoidosis and minor pulmonary involvement according to high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings in whom the recently described sign of decreased attenuation on expiratory HRCT scan appeared associated with the reduction of the single-breath diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and the DLCO adjusted for alveolar volume. These alterations were, in part, reversible under steroid treatment. Major indexes of airway obstruction (FEV(1)/vital capacity ratio and FEV(1)) were normal, while the maximum expiratory flow at 25% above the residual volume of FVC was reduced. These observations suggest that an expiratory HRCT mosaic pattern and diffusion impairment may be early findings in pulmonary sarcoidosis and may be useful for its detection and follow-up.

Ultra-high resolution image segmentation has raised increasing interests in recent years due to its realistic applications. In this paper, we innovate the widely used high-resolution image segmentation pipeline, in which an ultra-high resolution image is partitioned into regular patches for local segmentation and then the local results are merged into a high-resolution semantic mask. In particular, we introduce a novel locality-aware context fusion based segmentation model to process local patches, where the relevance between local patch and its various contexts are jointly and complementarily utilized to handle the semantic regions with large variations. Additionally, we present the alternating local enhancement module that restricts the negative impact of redundant information introduced from the contexts, and thus is endowed with the ability of fixing the locality-aware features to produce refined results. Furthermore, in comprehensive experiments, we demonstrate that our model outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in public benchmarks and verify the effectiveness of the proposed modules. Our released codes will be available at: https://github.com/liqiokkk/FCtL.