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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0322749.].

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population.   Normal placental histology group (n = 100) Abnormal placental histology group (n = 16) P value Age 27.8 ± 4.5 28.8 ± 3.5 0.420 Parity 1 (0–6) 0 (0–3) 0.499 Birth weight 3202 (417) 2964 (±435) 0.007 Birth week 38 (35–41) 38 (32–40) 0.188 Values are expressed as median (range) or mean (standard deviation). Table 2 Statistical evaluation of Doppler findings.   Normal placental histology group (n = 100) Abnormal placental histology group (n = 16) P value 1st trimester PI 1.73 ± 0,39 1.93 ± 0,36 0.067 1st trimester RI 0.71 ± 0,07 0.75 ± 0,07 0.056 1st trimester notch %45 %100 <0.001 2nd trimester PI 1.05 ± 0,31 1.49 ± 0,16 <0.001 2nd trimester RI 0.55 ± 0,07 0.66 ± 0,04 <0.001 2nd trimester notch %14 %100 <0.001 Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The second paragraph in the discussion section, “But in our study there was no significant difference among two groups for birth weights.” should be changed to “In concordance with the previous finding, we reported significant difference among the two groups for birth weight.”

A novel chitosan-[gamma]PGA polyelectrolyte complex hydrogel (C-PGA) has been developed and proven to be an effective dressing for wound healing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if C-PGA could promote new bone formation in the alveolar socket following tooth extraction. An animal model was proposed using radiography and histomorphology simultaneously to analyze the symmetrical sections of Wistar rats. The upper incisors of Wistar rats were extracted and the extraction sockets were randomly treated with gelatin sponge, neat chitosan, C-PGA, or received no treatment. The extraction sockets of selected rats from each group were evaluated at 1, 2, 4, or 6 wk post-extraction. The results of radiography and histopathology indicated that the extraction sockets treated with C-PGA exhibited lamellar bone formation (6.5%) as early as 2 wk after the extraction was performed. Moreover, the degree of new bone formation was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the extraction sockets treated with C-PGA at 6 wk post-extraction than that in the other study groups. In this study, we demonstrated that the proposed animal model involving symmetrical sections and simultaneous radiography and histomorphology evaluation is feasible. We also conclude that the novel C-PGA has great potential for new bone formation in the alveolar socket following tooth extraction.

Gamma heavy chain disease ([gamma]-HCD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder characterised by the production of a truncated immunoglobulin heavy chain. Fewer than 200 cases have been reported in the literature. In some cases, [gamma]-HCD occurs with other lymphoid neoplasms. This study reports clinical, biochemical, haematological, and histological findings in two cases of [gamma]-HCD. We describe newer biochemical diagnostic tools (HevyLite measurement, capillary electrophoresis, and immunotyping) that can aid in the characterisation of [gamma]-HCD. The first case is an 88-year-old woman with [gamma]-HCD. The second case is an 81-year-old woman who developed [gamma]-HCD during treatment for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. In the second patient, histopathology identified a separate clone responsible for the secretion of the gamma heavy chain. Studies on the clonal evolution of the disease may provide insight into therapeutic implications and the genomic complexity of the disease.

The goal of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the microstructure and secretion of the parotid and mandibular glands of adult female lowland tapir and aardvark. Histological and histochemical analyses showed that while the parotid gland of the lowland tapir consists of numerous large lobes of different shapes, those of the aardvark were smaller and more ovoid in shape. The parotid gland lobes were of different sizes (small, medium, and large) and shapes in the tapir, while all were roughly ovoid in shape in the aardvark. The obtained results showed that the mandibular gland secretion had a mucoserous character in aardvark, while in lowland tapir, the dominance of mucous secretion was determined. These differences could be related to the specific diets of these two different species. In terrestrial mammals, the parotid and mandibular glands secrete different types of saliva into the oral cavity. Both glands were obtained from two female lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) and one female aardvark (Orycteropus afer) from the Wroclaw Zoological Garden (Poland) and examined by light microscopy (hematoxylin and eosin, mucicarmine, periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian blue pH 1.0, Alcian blue pH 2.5, Alcian blue pH 2.5/PAS, and Hale's dialysed iron). Both the parotid glands observed in the lowland tapir and aardvark were compound alveolar serous secretory units, and in both species, the secretion was composed of neutral and acidic mucopolysaccharides (sialo and sulfated mucins). However, in both the lowland tapir and aardvark, a histological examination found the stroma of the mandibular gland was divided into very large lobes by poorly marked connective tissue. While many interlobar and striated ducts were found in the aardvark, very few were found in the lowland tapir. The mandibular gland was a branched tubular (mucous secretion) type in the lowland tapir, but it was a branched tubuloalveolar (mucous-serous) type in the aardvark. In all tested glands, the secretion was composed of neutral mucopolysaccharides, acid-sulfated mucosubstances, and sialomucins.

The Board of Italian Society of Histochemistry  has dedicated significant effort to identifying and contacting prestigious researchers to serve as keynote and invited speakers for this important event as well as Italian societies like GIC (Italian Society of Cytometry), GISN (Italian Group for the Study of Neuromorphology) and SIBS (Italian Society of Experimental Biology) for organizing joint sessions. Furthermore, all member societies of the IFSHC have been actively reached out to define and expand the Congress program. A particular mention must go to the Histochemical Society and to the Society for Histochemistry for their active contribution in organizing sessions. With a focus on ensuring a high-caliber scientific program, the team has successfully formulated a comprehensive agenda that includes plenary sessions, workshops, thematic panels, and poster sessions addressing the latest advancements in histochemistry and cytochemistry applied to medicine, biology, nanotechnology and artificial intelligence.   Professor Pavel Hozak, PhD, President, International Federation of Societies for Histochemistry and CytochemistryProfessor Roberta Di Pietro, MD, President, Italian Society of Histochemistry and the Local Organizing Committee

Background: Chronic tendon injuries often lead to diminished healing capacity, necessitating innovative treatments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secretome has emerged as a promising option for enhancing tendon repair through paracrine signaling. This study evaluates the effectiveness of MSC secretome, derived from tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in healing chronic Achilles tendon injuries in a rat model. The focus is on Procollagen Type I N-Terminal Peptide (PINP) and Procollagen Type III N-Terminal Peptide (PIIINP) levels, and histopathological changes. Methods: Fourteen adult male rats were divided into four groups: Group I (TDSC secretome), Group II (ASC secretome), Group III (combination of TDSC and ASC secretome), and Group IV (control). The healing response was assessed through PINP and PIIINP immunoserological markers, and histopathological changes were analyzed. The study adhered to ARRIVE and ICLAS guidelines and followed the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Results: The combination group showed significantly higher PINP levels compared to the control group (p = 0.004), suggesting enhanced Type I collagen synthesis. However, no significant differences in PIIINP levels were observed among the groups. Histopathological analysis showed no significant differences in collagen alignment or angiogenesis between treatment and control groups. Conclusion: The MSC secretome, particularly the combination of TDSCs and ASCs, may accelerate collagen Type I synthesis and improve tendon microstructure. This suggests their potential for treating chronic tendon injuries. However, further research with longer observation periods and clinical trials is crucial to confirm these findings and advance our understanding of tendon healing. Keywords: mesenchymal stem cell secretome, chronic tendon injury, tendon healing, procollagen markers, rat model