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In this paper, the territorial frameworks are set with the aim of forming a regional histor?ical synthesis dedicated to the creation of art music in Vojvodina, a synthesis that differs from those offered in previous music historiographies. It can be said that the composers who greatly contributed to the development of the musical life of the Vojvodina communities in the interwar period have made modest contributions to the ?local type? musical modernism. In the second half of the 20th century, they were involved in determining the place of ?new music? within modernism and realism in the Cold War period. The Serbian National Theatre, the Association of Composers of Vojvodina and the Academy of Arts in Novi Sad gave support to compositional practice in Vojvodina after the Second World War.

Despite thorough attention to how context shapes subsidiary behavior, very little IB research has explored the dynamic impact of disruptive changes in historical context on organizational innovations in MNEs. Existing IB theory has robustly theorized the growth of competence-creating subsidiaries from the 1980s to the 2000s. However, our historical research demonstrates that this body of existing theory fails to explain an equally significant growth in subsidiaries with protean competence-creating characteristics from 1945 to 1970. We show that the introduction of the U.K. National Health Service in 1948 precipitated a major upgrade of research capabilities among a near majority of the population of subsidiaries in U.K. pharmaceuticals by 1970. Synthesizing from both IB and literature on historical methods, we analyze the impact of this disruptive transformation in context, identifying the specific mechanisms that produced the rapid growth in what we identify as proto-competence-creating subsidiaries. This occurred in response to a dramatically new context, in ways that differ from those predicted by current theoretical explanations, and led to an institutional innovation hitherto unknown to IB. The implications of this are significant in a contemporary moment of rapid institutional disruption, when existing conceptualizations of subsidiary behavior may increasingly fail to capture real-world dynamics. Malgré l'attention particulière portée à la manière dont le contexte façonne le comportement des filiales, très peu de recherches en affaires internationales (International Business – IB) ont exploré l'impact dynamique des changements disruptifs du contexte historique sur les innovations organisationnelles des entreprises multinationales. La théorie existante de l'IB a de manière robuste théorisé la croissance des filiales créatrices de compétences entre les années 1980 et les années 2000. Mais notre recherche historique démontre que cet ensemble de théories existantes ne parvient pas à expliquer une croissance tout aussi significative des filiales dotées de caractéristiques protéiformes créatrices de compétences entre 1945 et 1970. Nous montrons que l'introduction du Service National de Santé du Royaume-Uni (The U.K. National Health Service) en 1948 a précipité une mise à niveau majeure des capacités de recherche parmi une quasi-majorité de la population des filiales pharmaceutiques britanniques en 1970. Synthétisant à la fois l'IB et la littérature des méthodes historiques, nous analysons l'impact de cette transformation perturbatrice dans son contexte, en identifiant les mécanismes spécifiques qui ont produit la croissance rapide de ce que nous identifions comme des filiales proto-créatrices de compétences. Ceci s'est produit en réponse à un contexte radicalement nouveau, selon des modalités qui diffèrent de celles prévues par les explications théoriques actuelles, et a conduit à une innovation institutionnelle jusqu'alors inconnue de l'IB. Les implications de ce phénomène sont importantes à une époque contemporaine de disruption institutionnelle rapide, où les conceptualisations existantes du comportement des filiales risquent de plus en plus de ne pas saisir les dynamiques du monde réel. A pesar de la minuciosa atención prestada a cómo el contexto moldea el comportamiento de las filiales, muy poca investigación en negocios internacionales ha explorado el impacto dinámico de los cambios disruptivos en el contexto histórico sobre las innovaciones organizacionales en las empresas multinacionales. La teoría existente de Negocios Internacionales ha teorizado robustamente el crecimiento de las filiales creadoras de competencias desde los años 1980 hasta los 2000. Sin embargo, nuestra investigación histórica demuestra que este cuerpo de teoría existente no logra explicar un crecimiento igualmente significativo en filiales con características proteicas de creación de competencias desde 1945 hasta 1970. Demostramos que la introducción del Servicio Nacional de Salud del Reino Unido en 1948 precipitó una importante mejora de las capacidades de investigación entre casi la mayoría de la población de filiales en el sector farmacéutico británico hacia 1970. Sintetizando tanto la literatura de Negocios Internacionales como la de métodos históricos, analizamos el impacto de esta transformación disruptiva en el contexto, identificando los mecanismos específicos que produjeron el rápido crecimiento en lo que identificamos como subsidiarias proto-creadoras de competencias. Esto ocurrió en respuesta a un contexto dramáticamente nuevo, de maneras que difieren de las predichas por las explicaciones teóricas actuales, y condujo a una innovación institucional hasta entonces desconocida en Negocios Internacionales. Las implicaciones de esto son significativas en un momento contemporáneo de rápida disrupción institucional, cuando las conceptualizaciones existentes del comportamiento de las filiales pueden fallar cada vez más en capturar las dinámicas del mundo real. Apesar da extremada atenção a como o contexto molda o comportamento de subsidiárias, muito pouca pesquisa em IB explorou o impacto dinâmico de mudanças disruptivas no contexto histórico nas inovações organizacionais em MNEs. A teoria existente em IB teorizou de forma robusta o crescimento de subsidiárias criadoras de competências das décadas de 1980 a 2000. Mas nossa pesquisa histórica demonstra que esse corpo de existente teoria carece de explicar um crescimento igualmente significativo de subsidiárias com características criadoras de competências mutantes de 1945 a 1970. Mostramos que a introdução do Serviço Nacional de Saúde do Reino Unido em 1948 precipitou uma grande atualização de capacidades de pesquisa entre a quase maioria da população de subsidiárias farmacêuticas do Reino Unido até 1970. Sintetizando a partir tanto de IB quanto da literatura sobre métodos históricos, analisamos o impacto dessa transformação disruptiva de contexto, identificando os mecanismos específicos que produziram o rápido crescimento em que identificamos como subsidiárias criadoras de protocompetências. Isso ocorreu em resposta a um contexto dramaticamente novo, de forma diferente daquela prevista por explicações teóricas atuais, e levou a uma inovação institucional até então desconhecida em IB. As implicações são significativas em um momento contemporâneo de rápida ruptura institucional, quando conceituações existentes do comportamento da subsidiária podem cada vez mais fracassar em capturar a dinâmica do mundo real. 尽管人们非常关注情境如何影响子公司行为， 很少有 国际商务(IB) 研究探讨过历史情境中的颠覆性变化对跨国公司(MNE)组织创新的动态影响。现有IB 理论有力地解释了20世纪80年代至21世纪初能力创造型子公司的增长。但我们的历史研究表明， 现有理论无法解释 1945 至 1970 年间具有多样化的能力创造特征的子公司的同样显著的增长。我们发现， 1948年英国国民医疗服务体系(NHS)的推出，到1970年时促使英国制药业子公司中接近半数的研究能力得到了显著提升。综合 IB 和历史方法的文献， 我们分析了这种情境中的颠覆性转型的影响， 确定了产生我们识别为原始能力创造型子公司快速增长的具体机制。这是对一个全新情境的回应， 其方式与当前理论解释的预测不同， 并导致了 IB 迄今未知的制度创新。这一现象在当代制度快速颠覆的时代意义重大， 现有的对子公司行为的概念化可能越来越无法捕捉现实世界的动态。

This study presents the theoretical depth of urban research by proposing a four-stage contextual conceptual guide for integrating historical and societal contextual factors within the nexus of time and space. Addressing a critical gap in urban research, it focuses on early career researchers (ECRs), who often struggle to systematically incorporate contextual dimensions into their academic writing, particularly in theoretical discussions. The first two stages establish a foundation through historical inquiry and thematic analysis. These two stages also reveal how context is conceptualized across disciplines and highlight its active role in shaping human knowledge. Stage one examines the role of context in academic writing by analyzing six influential 20th-century thinkers (1900–2000). Stage two maps contemporary perspectives through a directed content analysis of 14 scholars (2000–2024) and six pivotal scholars in the social sciences. The third stage identified four interconnected factors that shape contextual interpretations: key concepts, context components, contextual factors, and thinkers’ contributions. These factors explain how context functions as an active and integral force for understanding texts, historical events, and linguistic phenomena. This stage also highlights four broader contextual factors: historical and societal contextual factors, conditions driving urban transformations, influential social dynamics, and inherent challenges that emerge from critical scholars’ analysis. The final stage operationalizes these insights into five fundamental guidelines for embedding contextual factors into high-quality academic writing, particularly in urban research. This calls for theorists to develop practical guidance for integrating context and text into academic writing by enhancing the theoretical depth, analytical consistency, and interdisciplinary collaboration.

Despite increasing research interest in network dynamics and cumulative advantage/disadvantage processes, little remains known about how social capital varies across the life course. While some researchers suggest that social capital increases with age and others argue the opposite, this study tests these contradictory assertions by analyzing multiple indicators of social capital from a nationally representative data set on working‐age U.S. respondents. The findings reveal evidence of both social capital accumulation and decline. Social resources from occupational contacts tend to increase with age, but eventually level off among older respondents. Changes in voluntary memberships follow a similar pattern. However, daily social interaction is negatively associated with age. Overall, the results suggest that social capital embedded in occupational networks tends to accumulate across the career, even in the face of a general decline in sociability. The study also uncovers gender differences in these social capital trajectories that are linked to the distinct life experiences of men and women.

The focus of the article concerns two personal letters written by a British woman, Joan Burnett Knight to her parents in 1951 when she was recruited to the post of physical education organizer in the British Families Education Service (BFES) in the West German zone following the end of World War Two. The article makes a methodological contribution by applying an analytic strategy to the interpretation of the letters based on drawing on the work of STANLEY (2004, 2017). This strategy includes a brief biography of the writer and an outline of the historical context. The pretext for the letters is examined followed by a textual analysis in which attention is paid to the letters' content and narrative form. In interpreting the evidence, a narrative approach is employed, drawing on the concepts of family practices, social positionings and dialogical practices. In this analysis, I illuminate and give meaning to the lived experience of a particular case situated in a specific place and time.

The National Museum of Korea Archive aspires to become a specialized repository that provides comprehensive information on Korean and global cultural heritage. By collecting and documenting the diverse activities and history of the museum, it systematizes the contextual restoration of artifacts, facilitating new discoveries and research, while offering reinterpretation. To achieve this, this paper focuses on various operational cases of the museum's early collection archive, examining how the concept of an archive has been applied and expanded in practice. In particular, as the volume of multi-layered information and interpretative possibilities for artifacts grows, this paper suggests that archives should serve as a core foundation to overcome the limitation of 'decontextualization' and enable context-based interpretation and connections by structuring the entire process of artifact collection, preservation, and utilization. Furthermore, this paper proposes the direction and design principles for developing an intelligent archive system by applying domain-specific Vertical AI technology optimized for the unique knowledge environment of a museum.

In the article, the authors discussed the course in the subject of heritage protection, including the conservation of historic buildings and placing new objects within historically formed development, at the Faculty of Architecture of the Poznan University of Technology. The authors emphasise the importance of analysing the composition of historical buildings' elevations existing in the vicinity of the designed object. Capturing the main compositional structures and guidelines of the facades of historical objects is difficult, and hence the authors show different ways to achieve this, emphasising different ways of observing the object and graphically recording the layout of the composition and later using these effects in the design stage. The aim is to acquire and improve the ability to fit the designed object into its historic context.

This conceptual article introduces an alternative perspective on the notion of the urban context for early-career researchers interested in developing academic writing through literary narratives. It brings together two distinct conceptualizations of context. The first is a philosophical approach rooted in interpretive traditions within the humanities and social sciences. The second is a spatial–societal approach commonly adopted in architecture, urban planning, and urban design. By bridging these perspectives, our article aims to enrich interdisciplinary discourse and support more nuanced understandings of urban environments in narrative-based research. The question posed by this conceptual article is given as follows: How can adopt a historical–philosophical contextual approach to literary narratives support the development of non-traditional narrative forms and offer a strategic foundation for early-career researchers? This study adopts a qualitative research approach to examine the role of context in knowledge production. A linear snowball sampling was employed to identify relevant sources, followed by qualitative content analysis to extract key insights. The outcomes integrate perspectives from historians, interpretive philosophers, and urban specialists. The findings provide practical strategies to support early-career researchers in developing historically informed, contextually grounded literary narratives, particularly within non-traditional academic formats.

Riparian buffers provide improved protection for water quality and biota, and narrow, fixed-width buffers of native vegetation along streams have been used to mitigate the effects of forest harvest at least since the 1960s. The practice of leaving unmanaged strips of vegetation along water courses in agricultural lands had been used before the 1960s in southern Europe and in eastern North America, but the scientific basis for leaving riparian buffers on forested lands came from observations in the coastal temperate rainforests of western North America. Those observations often were applied to other forested landscapes without further considerations. Fixed-width buffers are administratively simple to implement and assess, and have come to be the norm for streamside protection from forestry. Most guidelines for streamside protection allow some local modification for site and watershed-scale considerations, but frequently, the option to deviate from fixed-width buffers is not exercised because of uncertainty about outcomes. Few experiments have been done to test the efficacy of buffers of a particular width or of site- or landscape-specific modifications.

The present study aims to examine the tragedies of theYemeni war as depicted in Shams Awam (2022), a novel by Fikria Shahra. The novel represents literary creativity during the ongoing civil war in Yemen, presenting characters whose lives and dreams are shattered by this unjust war. The researcher employs a descriptive-analytical method, guided by war trauma theories to reveal the characters’ suffering. The novel’s stories, historical contexts, characters and themes have formed the present data. The novel provides a realistic portrayal of Yemen’s situation following the Houthis’ coup and the outbreak of the civil war. Through vivid storytelling, the novelist skillfully exposes the horrors of war and the brutality inflicted by the Houthi rebels, shedding light on their violations against Yemenis. Additionally, the study finds that the novel represents an important documentation of the Yemeni war, depending extensively on historical events. The novelist intertwines realism and fantasy, selecting characters from both reality and imagination; this blend brings both the harsh realities of war and the novelist’s imaginative vision into a compelling narrative that traverses reality and dreams. Furthermore, the study highlights the novelist’s focus on humane and emotional aspects, showing her solidarity with the victims and condemning the criminals. This approach creates a profound sense of humanity and emotion, as she depicts killings, injustices, and physical and psychological torture faced by Yemenis due to their beliefs, areas or political orientations. Moreover, the novel provides a significant space for exploring the emotional relationships between its characters, enriching the narrative’s emotional depth.