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The adult learner : the definitive classic in adult education and human resource development
\"How do you tailor education to the learning needs of adults? Do they learn differently from children? How does their life experience inform their learning processes? These were the questions at the heart of Malcolm Knowles' pioneering theory of andragogy which transformed education theory in the 1970s. The resulting principles of a self-directed, experiential, problem-centred approach to learning have been hugely influential and are still the basis of the learning practices we use today. Understanding these principles is the cornerstone of increasing motivation and enabling adult learners to achieve. The 8th edition of The Adult Learner has been revised and updated. Holton and Swanson have enlivened the latest edition in terms of content and style. The new supporting website and added chapter level reflection questions make this latest edition more accessible than ever. This new edition includes: Updates to the book to reflect the very latest advancements in the field. Addition of two new chapters: on related cutting edge realms, Neuroscience & Learning and Information Technology & Learning. Creation of a supporting website: This website for The Adult Learner 8th Edition will provide basic instructor aids. For each chapter there will be a PowerPoint presentation, learning exercises, and added study questions. Revisions throughout to make it more readable and relevant to your practices. If you are a researcher, practitioner or student in education, an adult learning practitioner, training manager, or involved in human resource development, this is the definitive book in adult learning you should not be without\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Recellularization of acellular human small intestine using bone marrow stem cells
We aimed to produce an acellular human tissue scaffold with a view to test the possibility of recellularization with bone marrow stem cells to produce a tissue-engineered small intestine (TESI). Human small-bowel specimens (n = 5) were obtained from cadaveric organ donors and treated sequentially with 6% dimethyl sulfoxide in hypotonic buffer, 1% Triton X-100, and DNase. Each small intestine (SI) piece (6 cm) was recellularized with EPCAM+ and CD133+ allogeneic bone marrow stem cells. Histological and molecular analysis demonstrated that after decellularization, all cellular components and nuclear material were removed. Our analysis also showed that the decellularized human SI tissue retained its histoarchitecture with intact villi and major structural proteins. Protein films of common extracellular matrix constituents (collagen I, laminin, and fibronectin) were found in abundance. Furthermore, several residual angiogenic factors were found in the decellularized SI. Following recellularization, we found viable mucin-positive goblet cells, CK18+ epithelial cells in villi adjacent to a muscularis mucosa with α-actin+ smooth muscle cells, and a high repopulation of blood vessels with CD31+ endothelial cells. Our results show that in the future, such a TESI would be ideal for clinical purposes, because it can be derived from the recipient's own immunocompatible bone marrow cells, thus avoiding the use of immunosuppression.
Journal Article
The conference of the birds
With his dying words, H entrusts Jacob with a mission: Deliver newly-contacted peculiar Noor Pradesh to an operative known only as V. Noor is being hunted. She is the subject of an ancient prophecy, one that foretells a looming apocalypse. With only a few bewildering clues to follow, Jacob must figure out how to find V, the most enigmatic, and most powerful, of Abe's former associates. But V is in hiding and she never, ever, wants to be found.
BOOK
Purinergic responses of calcium-dependent signaling pathways in cultured adult human astrocytes
Background
The properties of Ca
2+
signaling mediated by purinergic receptors are intrinsically linked with functional activity of astrocytes. At present little is known concerning Ca
2+
-dependent purinergic responses in adult human astrocytes. This work has examined effects of purinergic stimulation to alter levels of intracellular Ca
2+
in adult human astrocytes. Ca
2+
-sensitive spectrofluorometry was carried out to determine mobilization of intracellular Ca
2+
following adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or 3′-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyl-ATP (Bz-ATP) stimulation of adult human astrocytes. In some experiments pharmacological modulation of Ca
2+
pathways was applied to help elucidate mechanisms of Ca
2+
signaling. RT-PCR was also performed to confirm human astrocyte expression of specific purinoceptors which were indicated from imaging studies.
Results
The endogenous P2 receptor agonist ATP (at 100 μM or 1 mM) applied in physiological saline solution (PSS) evoked a rapid increase of [Ca
2+
]
i
to a peak amplitude with the decay phase of response exhibiting two components. The two phases of decay consisted of an initial rapid component which was followed by a secondary slower component. In the presence of Ca
2+
-free solution, the secondary phase of decay was absent indicating this prolonged component was due to influx of Ca
2+
. This prolonged phase of decay was also attenuated with the store-operated channel (SOC) inhibitor gadolinium (at 2 μM) added to standard PSS, suggesting this component was mediated by SOC activation. These results are consistent with ATP activation of P2Y receptor (P2YR) in adult human astrocytes leading to respective rapid [Ca
2+
]
i
mobilization from intracellular stores followed by Ca
2+
entry through SOC. An agonist for P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), BzATP induced a very different response compared with ATP whereby BzATP (at 300 μM) elicited a slowly rising increase in [Ca
2+
]
i
to a plateau level which was sustained in duration. The BzATP-induced increase in [Ca
2+
]
i
was not enhanced with lipopolysaccharide pre-treatment of cells as previously found for P2X7R mediated response in human microglia. RT-PCR analysis showed that adult human astrocytes
in vitro
constitutively express mRNA for P2Y1R, P2Y2R and P2X7R.
Conclusion
These results suggest that activation of metabotropic P2YR (P2Y1R and/or P2Y2R) and ionotropic P2X7R could mediate purinergic responses in adult human astrocytes.
Journal Article
The origins of humanity
\"How did humans get their start as a species? This is one of the core questions that have preoccupied humankind for centuries. This volume considers the complex and often mysterious characteristics that define humanity, including its unique anatomical and neurological features, behaviors such as use of tools and language, and the social structures that are unique to the species. The book also considers how the species has evolved over time and how it may continue to evolve\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Diagnostic reference levels and median doses for common clinical indications of CT: findings from an international registry
Ob jectives
The European Society of Radiology identified 10 common indications for computed tomography (CT) as part of the European Study on Clinical Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs, EUCLID), to help standardize radiation doses. The objective of this study is to generate DRLs and median doses for these indications using data from the UCSF CT International Dose Registry.
Methods
Standardized data on 3.7 million CTs in adults were collected between 2016 and 2019 from 161 institutions across seven countries (United States of America (US), Switzerland, Netherlands, Germany, UK, Israel, Japan). DRLs (75th percentile) and median doses for volumetric CT-dose index (CTDI
vol
) and dose-length product (DLP) were assessed for each EUCLID category (chronic sinusitis, stroke, cervical spine trauma, coronary calcium scoring, lung cancer, pulmonary embolism, coronary CT angiography, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), colic/abdominal pain, appendicitis), and US radiation doses were compared with European.
Results
The number of CT scans within EUCLID categories ranged from 8,933 (HCC) to over 1.2 million (stroke). There was greater variation in dose between categories than within categories (
p
< .001), and doses were significantly different between categories within anatomic areas. DRLs and median doses were assessed for all categories. DRLs were higher in the US for 9 of the 10 indications (except chronic sinusitis) than in Europe but with a significantly higher sample size in the US.
Conclusions
DRLs for CTDI
vol
and DLP for EUCLID clinical indications from diverse organizations were established and can contribute to dose optimization. These values were usually significantly higher in the US than in Europe.
Key Points
•
Registry data were used to create benchmarks for 10 common indications for CT identified by the European Society of Radiology.
•
Observed US radiation doses were higher than European for 9 of 10 indications (except chronic sinusitis).
•
The presented diagnostic reference levels and median doses highlight potentially unnecessary variation in radiation dose.
Journal Article
Ringer : Gemma ; Ringer : Lyra
\"In the world outside of the Haven Institute, Lyra and Caelum are finding it hard to be human--and Lyra, infected at Haven with a terrible disease, finds her symptoms are growing worse. When Caelum leaves without warning, Lyra follows him, seeking a pioneering organization in Philadelphia that might have a cure. But what they uncover there is a shocking connection to their past, even as their future seems in danger of collapsing. Though Gemma just wants to go back to her normal life after Haven, she soon learns that her powerful father has other plans for the replicas--unless she and her boyfriend Pete can stop him. But they soon learn that they aren't safe either. The Haven Institute wasn't destroyed after all, and now Gemma is the one behind the walls\"--Amazon.com.
BOOK
Smoothness of stimulus motion can affect vection strength
We examined the effect of the smoothness of motion on vection strength. The smoothness of stimulus motion was modulated by varying the number of frames comprising the movement. In this study, a horizontal grating translated through 360° of phase in 1 s divided into steps of 3, 4, 6, 12, 20, 30, or 60 frames. We hypothesized that smoother motion should induce stronger vection because the smoother stimulus is more natural and contains more motion energy. We examined this effect of frame number on vection for both downward (Experiment 1) and expanding (Experiment 2) optical flow. The results clearly showed that vection strength increased with increasing frame rate, however, the rates of increase in the vection strength with frame rate are not constant, but rapidly increase in the low frame-rate range and appear to asymptote in the high range. The strength estimates saturated at lower frame rates for expanding flow than for downward flow. This might be related to the fact that to process expanding flow it is necessary to integrate motion signals across the visual field. We conclude that the smoothness of the motion stimulus highly affects vection induction.
Journal Article
From a distant star
When Lucas miraculously returns from the brink of death, Emma thinks her prayers have been answered. But when she finds an unidentifiable object on his family's farm--and government agents come to claim it--she begins to suspect that nothing is what it seems.
Book
Potentially modifiable factors contributing to outcome from acute respiratory distress syndrome: the LUNG SAFE study
Purpose
To improve the outcome of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), one needs to identify potentially modifiable factors associated with mortality.
Methods
The large observational study to understand the global impact of severe acute respiratory failure (LUNG SAFE) was an international, multicenter, prospective cohort study of patients with severe respiratory failure, conducted in the winter of 2014 in a convenience sample of 459 ICUs from 50 countries across five continents. A pre-specified secondary aim was to examine the factors associated with outcome. Analyses were restricted to patients (93.1 %) fulfilling ARDS criteria on day 1–2 who received invasive mechanical ventilation.
Results
2377 patients were included in the analysis. Potentially modifiable factors associated with increased hospital mortality in multivariable analyses include lower PEEP, higher peak inspiratory, plateau, and driving pressures, and increased respiratory rate. The impact of tidal volume on outcome was unclear. Having fewer ICU beds was also associated with higher hospital mortality. Non-modifiable factors associated with worsened outcome from ARDS included older age, active neoplasm, hematologic neoplasm, and chronic liver failure. Severity of illness indices including lower pH, lower PaO
2
/FiO
2
ratio, and higher non-pulmonary SOFA score were associated with poorer outcome. Of the 578 (24.3 %) patients with a limitation of life-sustaining therapies or measures decision, 498 (86.0 %) died in hospital. Factors associated with increased likelihood of limitation of life-sustaining therapies or measures decision included older age, immunosuppression, neoplasia, lower pH and increased non-pulmonary SOFA scores.
Conclusions
Higher PEEP, lower peak, plateau, and driving pressures, and lower respiratory rate are associated with improved survival from ARDS.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02010073.
Journal Article