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The lost boys : inside Muzafer Sherif's Robbers Cave experiment
\"Competition. Prejudice. Discrimination. Conflict. In 1954, a group of American boys attended a remote summer camp where they were split into two groups, and encouraged to bully, harass, and demonize each other. The results would make history as one of social psychology's classic studies, and most controversial, studies: the Robbers Cave experiment. Conducted at the height of the Cold War, officially the experiment had a happy ending: the boys reconciled, and psychologist Muzafer Sherif demonstrated that while hatred and violence are powerful forces, so too are cooperation and harmony. Today it is proffered as proof that under the right conditions warring groups can make peace. Yet the true story of the experiments is far more complex, and more chilling. In The Lost Boys, Gina Perry explores the experiment and its consequences, tracing the story of Sherif, a troubled outsider who struggled to craft an experiment that would vanquish his personal demons. Drawing on archival material and new interviews, Perry pieces together a story of drama, mutiny, and intrigue that has never been told before\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Double Exposure
Double Exposure examines the role of film in shaping social psychology’s landmark postwar experiments. We are told that most of us will inflict electric shocks on a fellow citizen when ordered to do so. Act as a brutal prison guard when we put on a uniform. Walk on by when we see a stranger in need. But there is more to the story. Documentaries that investigators claimed as evidence were central to capturing the public imagination. Did they provide an alibi for twentieth century humanity? Examining the dramaturgy, staging and filming of these experiments, including Milgram's Obedience Experiments, the Stanford Prison Experiment and many more, Double Exposure recovers a new set of narratives.
eBook
DOCUMENTARY CASTS A CHILLING LIGHT ON SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
In 2004, workers at a string of fast food restaurants strip- searched and abused their employees at the orders of a crank caller who claimed to be a detective. Nearly 40 years earlier, Stanley Milgram's \"obedience\" experiment at Yale meant to explore the psychological underpinnings of the Holocaust showed that men were so inclined to follow orders that they would deliver high-voltage electric shocks to other men. The Abu Ghraib prison scandal in Iraq, subject of so much recent hand-wringing, had a laboratory precursor in the famed 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment. Dr. Philip Zimbardo set up a mock jail and divided test subjects into prisoners and guards. Within days, the \"guards\" were perpetrating shocking abuse. Indeed, many former researchers and subjects seem disturbingly cool when they describe what they did long ago in the consequence- free confines of a lab. Dave Eshleman, the most sadistic \"guard\" in Zimbardo's mock prison, describes his own behavior as a sort of game- within-an-experiment: \"I was trying to see how far I could take it before somebody would say, `OK, that's enough, stop.' \"
Newspaper Article
The Darkest Behaviors, In the Name of Obedience
The fragility of human kindness and common sense was exposed again in 1971 by Dr. Philip G. Zimbardo, a social psychologist at Stanford who recruited a group of undergraduate men to play guards and prisoners in a simulated prison. In less than a week many of the guards had of their own accord turned sadistic, while prisoners grew anxious and disturbed. Some of the photographs from that study are eerily similar to the Abu Ghraib snapshots: naked prisoners posed in sexually humiliating positions with bags over their heads. Dr. Zimbardo's prison study was even more shocking, if only because the students assigned to play guards were not instructed to be abusive, and instead conformed to their own notions of how to keep order in a prison: ''Lord of the Flies'' in sideburns and aviator sunglasses. The prisoners were blindfolded, stripped, assigned numbers and forced to wear skimpy hospital gowns and ankle chains. The guards were given handcuffs, whistles and billy clubs. The scientists received a shocking display of how, as one of them put it, ''human nature transformed in a very rapid way in the face of a very powerful situation.'' The Stanford students knew they were taking part in a psychology experiment. Soldiers assigned to guard prisoners at Abu Ghraib were told that the survival of comrades on the front lines depended on whether they could break the prisoners. Dr. Zimbardo, who in 2004 served as an expert witness in the court martial of Staff Sgt. Ivan Frederick II, who was convicted of assault, indecent acts and dereliction of duty at Abu Ghraib, said he was ''an ordinary good guy who gets into this place and is totally corrupted.''
Newspaper Article
General: The Family Jewels Exercise, Specific: Meeting with Colby This Date
Lists items about which William Colby has requested additional information relating to Central Intelligence Agency sensitive activities.
Government Document
ORD Involvement in Domestic Affairs Central Intelligence Agency Office of Research and Development Sensitive Activities; Attached to Memoranda Entitled \Loan of Television System to Secret Service for Use at Democratic and Republican National Conventions in 1972\ and \Drug Testing Program\; Summary Reports Not Included
Describes Central Intelligence Agency Office of Research and Development support to Secret Service for Democratic and Republican National Conventions in 1972 and behavioral drug testing on armed forces volunteers.
Government Document
Central Intelligence Agency Office of Research and Development Technologies Used in U.S.; Attached to Routing and Record Sheet; Includes Memoranda Entitled \Repeated Survey of ORD for Non-foreign Intelligence Activities\; \Contacts with Other U.S. Government Agencies Which Could or Have Resulted in Use of CIA-Developed Technology in Addressing Domestic Problems\; \Domestic Tests for Agency Research and Development Efforts\; \Survey of ORD for Non-foreign Intelligence Activities\; \ExcisedORD Co
Describes Central Intelligence Agency Office of Research and Development technology and assistance provided to or requested by military and law-enforcement organizations.
Government Document
Potentially Embarrassing Agency Activities
Outlines Central Intelligence Agency involvement in activities that could embarrass the agency, including covert operations, assassination plots, human experimentation, domestic spying, and interception of telephone and mail communications.
Government Document
AN EQUILIBRIUM MODEL OF THE AFRICAN HIV/AIDS EPIDEMIC
Twelve percent of the Malawian population is HIV infected. Eighteen percent of sexual encounters are casual. A condom is used a third of the time. To analyze the Malawian epidemic, a choice-theoretic general equilibrium search model is constructed. In the developed framework, people select between different sexual practices while knowing the inherent risk. The calibrated model is used to study several policy interventions, namely, ART, circumcision, better condoms, and the treatment of other STDs. The efficacy of public policy depends upon the induced behavioral changes and equilibrium effects. The framework complements the insights from epidemiological studies and small-scale field experiments.
Journal Article
Can Social Contact Reduce Prejudice and Discrimination? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Nigeria
Can positive social contact between members of antagonistic groups reduce prejudice and discrimination? Despite extensive research on social contact, observational studies are difficult to interpret because prejudiced people may select out of contact with out-group members. We overcome this problem by conducting an education-based, randomized field experiment—the Urban Youth Vocational Training program (UYVT)—with 849 randomly sampled Christian and Muslim young men in riot-prone Kaduna, Nigeria. After sixteen weeks of positive intergroup social contact, we find no changes in prejudice, but heterogeneous-class subjects discriminate significantly less against out-group members than subjects in homogeneous classes. We trace this finding to increased discrimination by homogeneous-class subjects compared to non-UYVT study participants, and we highlight potentially negative consequences of in-group social contact. By focusing on skill-building instead of peace messaging, our intervention minimizes reporting bias and offers strong experimental evidence that intergroup social contact can alter behavior in constructive ways, even amid violent conflict.
Journal Article