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"hybrid systems"
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The blue light signal transduction pathway is involved in anthocyanin accumulation in ‘Red Zaosu’ pear
Peel color is an economically important characteristic that influences the appearance quality of red pear, whose red color is due to anthocyanin accumulation. The process of coloration in the fruit peel is strongly influenced by light. However, how light quality influences color development remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the effects of different light qualities on color development in the red pear ‘Red Zaosu’, a mutant of the hybrid cultivar ‘Zaosu’ of Pyrus pyrifolia and P. communis. The results showed that blue light increased anthocyanin accumulation after 72 h of light treatment, while red light had almost no effect. The expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes showed a similar trend to the anthocyanin accumulation. To clarify the mechanism of blue-light induced coloration, PpCRYs, PpCOP1 and PpHY5 genes were cloned. Gene expression analysis showed that their transcript abundance did not correlate with the expression of anthocyanin-related genes or anthocyanin content, but the yeast two-hybrid system revealed conserved physical interactions among these proteins. In addition, PpHY5 directly bound to the promoters of the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes PpCHS, PpDFR, PpANS and PpMYB10, and activated the transcription of PpCHS in a Nicotiana benthamiana-based dual-luciferase assay. In summary, our results preliminarily revealed that the conserved blue light signal transduction module CRY–COP1–HY5 contributed to the anthocyanin biosynthesis induced by blue light in red pear. However, our results did not provide evidence for why red light had no effect on anthocyanin accumulation, which needs further study.
Journal Article
Hybrid intelligent systems for information retrieval
\"With the digitization of the entire world, the data gets generated at a fast pace. Extracting and retrieving useful information and patterns becomes challenging as information is not always in structured form. Therefore, there is a need for the design and development of Hybrid Intelligent Information Retrieval System. Broadly four approaches are covered in this book for design and development of Intelligent Information Retrieval: 1. Evolutionary approach for optimal Information Retrieval, 2. Novel Matching functions for Information Retrieval, 3. Natural Language Processing for Modern Information Retrieval 4. Development of Semantically enhanced Web Information Retrieval\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Wheat CBL-interacting protein kinase 23 positively regulates drought stress and ABA responses
Background
The calcineurin B-like protein (CBL)-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) signaling pathway responds to various abiotic stresses in plants.
Results
Wheat
CIPK23,
isolated from wheat drought transcriptome data set, was induced by multiple abiotic stresses, including drought, salt, and abscisic acid (ABA). Compared with wild-type plants,
TaCIPK23
-overexpression wheat and
Arabidopsis
showed an higher survival rate under drought conditions with enhanced germination rate, developed root system, increased accumulation of osmolytes, and reduced water loss rate. Over-expression of
TaCIPK23
rendered transgenic plants ABA sensitivity, as evidenced by delayed seed germination and the induction of stomatal closure. Consistent with the ABA-sensitive phenotype, the expression level of drought- and ABA-responsive genes were increased under drought conditions in the transgenic plants. In addition, using yeast two-hybrid system, pull-down and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFc) assays, TaCIPK23 was found to interact with TaCBL1 on the plasma membrane.
Conclusions
These results suggest that
TaCIPK23
plays important roles in ABA and drought stress responses, and mediates crosstalk between the ABA signaling pathway and drought stress responses in wheat.
Journal Article
Strategies for ammonia recovery from wastewater: a review
The circular economy requires advanced methods to recycle waste matter such as ammonia, which can be further used as a fuel and a precursor of numerous value-added chemicals. Here, we review methods for the recovery of ammonia from wastewater with emphasis on biological and physicochemical techniques, and their applications. Biological techniques involve nitrification, denitrification, and anammox processes and the use of membrane bioreactors. Physicochemical techniques comprise adsorption, membrane filtration, ion exchange, chemical precipitation, ammonia stripping, electrochemical oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, bioelectrochemical systems, and membrane hybrid systems. We found that nitrification and anammox processes in membrane bioreactors stand out for their cost-effectiveness, reduced sludge production, and energy efficiency. The use of struvite precipitation is an efficient, environmentally friendly, and recyclable method for ammonia removal. Membrane hybrid systems are promising for ammonia recovery, nutrient concentration, and wastewater treatment, with applications in fertilizer production and water purification. Overall, nitrogen removal ranges from 28 to 100%, and nitrogen recovery ranges from 9 to 100%.
Journal Article
PV-wind hybrid system: A review with case study
Renewable energy systems are likely to become widespread in the future due to adverse environmental impacts and escalation in energy costs linked with the exercise of established energy sources. Solar and wind energy resources are alternative to each other which will have the actual potential to satisfy the load dilemma to some degree. However, such solutions any time researched independently are not entirely trustworthy because of their effect of unstable nature. In this context, autonomous photovoltaic and wind hybrid energy systems have been found to be more economically viable alternative to fulfill the energy demands of numerous isolated consumers worldwide. The aim of this paper is to give the idea of the hybrid system configuration, modeling, renewable energy sources, criteria for hybrid system optimization and control strategies, and software used for optimal sizing. A case study of comparative various standalone hybrid combinations for remote area Barwani, India also discussed and found PV-Wind-Battery-DG hybrid system is the most optimal solution regarding cost and emission among all various hybrid system combinations. This paper also features some of the near future improvements, which actually has the possibility to improve the actual monetary attraction connected with this sort of techniques and their endorsement by the consumer.
Journal Article
How to model and prove hybrid systems with KeYmaera: a tutorial on safety
This paper is a tutorial on how to model hybrid systems as hybrid programs in differential dynamic logic and how to prove complex properties about these complex hybrid systems in KeYmaera, an automatic and interactive formal verification tool for hybrid systems. Hybrid systems can model highly nontrivial controllers of physical plants, whose behaviors are often safety critical such as trains, cars, airplanes, or medical devices. Formal methods can help design systems that work correctly. This paper illustrates how KeYmaera can be used to systematically model, validate, and verify hybrid systems. We develop tutorial examples that illustrate challenges arising in many real-world systems. In the context of this tutorial, we identify the impact that modeling decisions have on the suitability of the model for verification purposes. We show how the interactive features of KeYmaera can help users understand their system designs better and prove complex properties for which the automatic prover of KeYmaera still takes an impractical amount of time. We hope this paper is a helpful resource for designers of embedded and cyber–physical systems and that it illustrates how to master common practical challenges in hybrid systems verification.
Journal Article
Non-uniformly sampled data for data-driven analysis of nonlinear singularly perturbed hybrid systems
This paper investigates the exponential stability of nonlinear singularly perturbed hybrid systems with non-uniform sampling. First of all, a hybrid sampling model is established for a class of nonlinear singularly perturbed hybrid systems with unstable subsystems through the design of a data-driven mechanism and sampling controller. Then, the exponential stability is analyzed for the established model by constructing a Lyapunov function which depends on the sampling interval and singular perturbation parameter. Furthermore, a novel method is proposed to compute the bounds of sampling interval and the value of singular perturbation parameter, and the relationship is connected between sampling interval and singular perturbation parameter. Finally, by using a DC motor model and a nonlinear system, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Journal Article
The interaction between the lemon ribosomal protein ClRPS9‐2 and citrus yellow vein clearing virus coat protein affects viral infection and gene silencing suppressor activity
Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) is an emerging virus that causes serious economic damage to the lemon industry worldwide. The coat protein (CP) of CYVCV is a strong RNA silencing suppressor and is associated with the severity of symptoms in citrus, yet the interaction between CP and host factors remains unknown. In this study, the 40S ribosomal subunit protein S9‐2 (ClRPS9‐2) was identified as a CP‐binding partner using the yeast two‐hybrid system from a lemon (cv. Eureka) cDNA library, and the interaction between CP and ClRPS9‐2 was demonstrated by in vivo methods. The results suggest that the N‐terminal 8–108 amino acid sequence of ClRPS9‐2 is crucial for its interaction with CP and may be associated with the nuclear localization of ClRPS9‐2. The accumulation and silencing suppressor activity of CP were reduced by transient expression of ClRPS9‐2 in Nicotiana benthamiana. Reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR analysis showed that the content of CYVCV in ClRPS9‐2 transgenic Eureka lemon plants was approximately 50% of that in CYVCV‐infected wild‐type plants 1 month after inoculation, and mild yellowing and vein clearing symptoms were observed in the transgenic plants. These findings demonstrate that ClRPS9‐2 plays a role in host defensive reactions, and the enhanced resistance of transgenic plants to CYVCV may be associated with the up‐regulation of salicylic acid‐related and R genes. Ribosomal protein ClRPS9‐2 triggers an immune response in Nicotiana benthamiana and lemon, and enhances lemon resistance in lemon cv. Eureka to citrus yellow vein clearing virus.
Journal Article
Dual-Element, Two-Dimensional Atom Array with Continuous-Mode Operation
Quantum processing architectures that include multiple qubit modalities offer compelling strategies for high-fidelity operations and readout, quantum error correction, and a path for scaling to large system sizes. Such hybrid architectures have been realized for leading platforms, including superconducting circuits and trapped ions. Recently, a new approach for constructing large, coherent quantum processors has emerged based on arrays of individually trapped neutral atoms. However, these demonstrations have been limited to arrays of a single atomic element where the identical nature of the atoms makes crosstalk-free control and nondemolition readout of a large number of atomic qubits challenging. Here we introduce a dual-element atom array with individual control of single rubidium and cesium atoms. We demonstrate their independent placement in arrays with up to 512 trapping sites and observe negligible crosstalk between the two elements. Furthermore, by continuously reloading one atomic element while maintaining an array of the other, we demonstrate a new continuous operation mode for atom arrays without any off-time. Our results enable avenues for auxiliary-qubit-assisted quantum protocols such as quantum nondemolition measurements and quantum error correction, as well as continuously operating quantum processors and sensors.
Journal Article