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Climate cycles fundamentally control surface processes that affect the distribution of water and sediment, and their associated loads, across the Earth's surface. Here, we use a geodynamic model to examine how water loading can affect mantle melt generation in continental rift settings covered by deep lakes. Our modeling results suggest that lake level fluctuations can modulate the timing and rate of mantle melting. A rapid lake level drop of 800 m has the potential to increase mantle melt volumes by enhancing mantle upwelling beneath the rift, whereas a lake level rise can lead to a reduction of mantle melting. The volume of melt produced driven by lake level fluctuations is also dependent on crustal rheology, extension rate, mantle potential temperature, and lithosphere thickness. Our study identifies the importance of water loading for controlling rift processes, while also demonstrating critical links between changing climate, rift evolution and mantle melting. Plain Language Summary The break‐up of continents produces subsidence and the formation of rift valleys and where the climate is favorable, rift lakes. Changes in effective moisture in response to climate changes drive water level fluctuations in rift lakes, and their associated loads. But our understanding of the interaction between hydroclimate changes and rift basin evolution remains limited. To address this, we employed a geodynamic model to explore how water loading can influence mantle melt production in continental rift environments. Our model suggests that lake level fluctuations can have a detectable effect on the timing and pace of mantle melting. A lake level drop can increase mantle melt volume by enhancing mantle upwelling underneath the rift, while a lake level rise can lead to a reduction in mantle melting. Additionally, the amount of melt produced by these fluctuations depends on factors such as crustal rheology, extension rate, thermal gradient, and lithosphere thickness. Our findings reveal the significance of water loading in governing rift processes and highlight the potential links between changing climate, rift evolution, and mantle melting. Key Points Lake level drops of 800 m can enhance decompressive mantle melting A case study for the Turkana Rift shows a correlation between lake level drops and enhanced volcanism over the last 4 Myr Sensitivity of mantle melting to lake loading is controlled by extension rate, mantle potential temperature, and lithosphere thickness

Geological and magnetic features were interpreted using IRS-P6 (LISS-III) and aeromagnetic data respectively. Historical rainfall data and the water-table fluctuations were also analysed and integrated with the above in conjunction with ground truth information. It is observed that the intrusion activity of the dykes had disturbed the fracture network, resulting in filling up of pore spaces in the weathered columns. Lineaments across the dykes, the associated pediment and the weathered pediplain have more porosity and permeability. The accumulation and rising of groundwater flow is influenced by the above structural set-up. It is concluded that significant amount of base flow had resulted in hydro-loading and was responsible for the micro-seismicity.