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The author outlines the specific requirements of a non-teleological conception of the state - a conception that is vital to the continuing development of a theory of the state informed by a prior ethical commitment to the moral equivalence of persons. This book will appeal to scholars and students of political economy, political thought, public choice economics and Austrian economics as well as to practitioners and policy-makers interested in how economics should support those serving the public.

Through a sociological analysis of Hmong former refugees’ grassroots movements in the United States between the 1990s and 2000s, Immigrant Agency shows how Hmong, despite being one of America’s most economically impoverished ethnic groups, were able to make sustained claims on and have their interests represented in public policies. The author, Yang Sao Xiong argues that the key to understanding how immigrants incorporate themselves politically is to understand how they mobilize collective action and make choices in circumstances far from racially neutral. Immigrant groups, in response to political threats or opportunities or both, mobilize collective action and make strategic choices about how to position themselves vis-à-vis other minority groups, how to construct group identities, and how to deploy various tactics in order to engage with the U.S. political system and influence policy. In response to immigrants’ collective claims, the racial state engages in racialization which undermines immigrants’ political standing and perpetuates their marginalization.

\"Examines how French policy makers have called upon structuralist anthropology and psychoanalysis (specifically, the works of Claude Lâevi-Strauss and Jacques Lacan) to reassert the centrality of sexual difference as the foundation for all social and psychic organization\"--Author's Web site.

This paper presents an analysis of the Overton policy document database, describing the makeup of materials indexed and the nature in which they cite academic literature. We report on various aspects of the data, including growth, geographic spread, language representation, the range of policy source types included, and the availability of citation links in documents. Longitudinal analysis over established journal category schemes is used to reveal the scale and disciplinary focus of citations and determine the feasibility of developing field-normalized citation indicators. To corroborate the data indexed, we also examine how well self-reported funding outcomes collected by UK funders correspond to data indexed in the Overton database. Finally, to test the data in an experimental setting, we assess whether peer-review assessment of impact as measured by the UK Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2014 correlates with derived policy citation metrics. Our findings show that for some research topics, such as health, economics, social care, and the environment, Overton contains a core set of policy documents with sufficient citation linkage to academic literature to support various citation analyses that may be informative in research evaluation, impact assessment, and policy review.

\"Originally published in 1776, Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations was lauded by America's founders as a landmark work of Enlightenment thinking about national wealth, statecraft, and moral virtue. Today, Smith is one of the most influential icons of economic thought in America. Glory Liu traces how generations of Americans have read, reinterpreted, and weaponized Smith's ideas, revealing how his popular image as a champion of American-style capitalism and free markets is a historical invention. Drawing on a trove of illuminating archival materials, Liu tells the story of how an unassuming Scottish philosopher captured the American imagination and played a leading role in shaping American economic and political ideas. She shows how Smith became known as the father of political economy in the nineteenth century and was firmly associated with free trade, and how, in the aftermath of the Great Depression, the Chicago School of Economics transformed him into the preeminent theorist of self-interest and the miracle of free markets. Liu explores how a new generation of political theorists and public intellectuals has sought to recover Smith's original intentions and restore his reputation as a moral philosopher. Charting the enduring fascination that this humble philosopher from Scotland has held for American readers over more than two centuries, Adam Smith's America shows how Smith continues to be a vehicle for articulating perennial moral and political anxieties about modern capitalism.\"-- Provided by publisher.

In the heady days of the Cold War, when the Bomb loomed large in the ruminations of Washington's wise men, policy intellectuals flocked to the home of Albert and Roberta Wohlstetter to discuss deterrence and doomsday. The Cold World They Made takes a fresh look at the original power couple of strategic studies. Seeking to unravel the complex tapestry of the Wohlstetters' world and worldview, Ron Robin reveals fascinating insights into an unlikely husband-and-wife pair who, at the height of the most dangerous military standoff in history, gained access to the deepest corridors of American power. The author of such classic Cold War treatises as \"The Delicate Balance of Terror,\" Albert Wohlstetter is remembered for advocating an aggressive brinksmanship that stood in stark contrast with what he saw as weak and indecisive policies of Soviet containment. Yet Albert's ideas built crucially on insights gleaned from his wife. Robin makes a strong case for the Wohlstetters as a team of intellectual equals, showing how Roberta's scholarship was foundational to what became known as the Wohlstetter Doctrine. Together at RAND Corporation, Albert and Roberta crafted a mesmerizing vision of the Soviet threat, theorizing ways for the United States to emerge victorious in a thermonuclear exchange. Far from dwindling into irrelevance after the Cold War, the torch of the Wohlstetters' intellectual legacy was kept alive by well-placed disciples in George W. Bush's administration. Through their ideological heirs, the Wohlstetters' signature combination of brilliance and hubris continues to shape American policies.-- Provided by publisher

Alcohol is a major contributor to the Non-Communicable Disease burden in South Africa. In 2000, 7.1 % of all deaths and 7 % of total disability-adjusted life years were ascribed to alcohol-related harm in the country. Regulations proposed to restrict alcohol advertising in South Africa present an evidence-based upstream intervention. Research on policy formulation in low-and middle-income countries is limited. This study aims to describe and explore the policy formulation process of the 2013 draft Control of Marketing of Alcoholic Beverages Bill in South Africa between March 2011 and May 2017. Recognising the centrality of affected actors in policy-making processes, the study focused on the alcohol industry as a central actor affected by the policy, to understand how they—together with other actors—may influence the policy formulation process. A qualitative case study approach was used, involving a stakeholder mapping, 10 in-depth interviews, and review of approximately 240 documents. A policy formulation conceptual framework was successfully applied as a lens to describe a complex policy formulation process. Key factors shaping policy formulation included: (1) competing and shared values—different stakeholders promote conflicting ideals for policymaking; (2) inter-department jostling—different government departments seek to protect their own functions, hindering policy development; (3) stakeholder consultation in democratic policymaking—policy formulation requires consultations even with those opposed to regulation and (4) battle for evidence—evidence is used strategically byallparties toshapeperceptions and leverage positions. This research (1) contributes tobuilding anintegrated bodyofknowledge on policy formulation in low-and middle-income countries; (2) shows that achieving policy coherence across government departments poses a major challenge to achieving effective health policy formulation and (3) shows that networks of actors with commercial and financial interests use diverse strategies to influence policy formulation processes to avoid regulation. L’alcool est un facteur majeur dans le cadre du fardeau des maladies non transmissibles en Afrique du Sud. En l’an 2000, 7,1% de l’ensemble des décès et 7% du total des années de vie corrigées de l’incapacité étaient imputables aux dommages liés à l’alcoolisme dans le pays. Les réglementations proposées pour restreindre la publicité des boissons alcoolisées en Afrique du Sud présentent une intervention fondée sur des bases factuelles en amont. Il existe peu de recherches sur la formulation des politiques dans les pays à revenu faible et moyen. La présente étude vise à décrire et à explorer le processus de formulation des politiques du projet de loi de 2013 relatif au contrôle de la commercialisation des boissons alcoolisées en Afrique du Sud entre mars 2011 et mai 2017. Reconnaissant le rôle central des acteurs concernés par les processus d’élaboration des politiques, l’étude s’est intéressée au secteur des boissons alcoolisées en tant qu’acteur de premier plan affecté par la politique, afin de comprendre comment ceuxci peuvent, avec d’autres acteurs, influencer le processus de formulation de la politique. On s’est servi d’une approche d’étude de cas qualitative, impliquant une cartographie des parties prenantes, 10 entretiens approfondis et l’examen d’environ 240 documents. Un cadre conceptuel de formulation des politiques a été appliqué avec succès pour décrire la complexité du processus. Les facteurs clés qui ont influé sur la formulation de la politique sont notamment les suivants: 1) valeurs partagées et contradictoires: différentes parties prenantes promeuvent des idéaux contradictoires pour l’élaboration des politiques; 2) luttes intestines des départements ministériels - différents ministères cherchent à protéger leurs propres attributions, ce qui entrave l’élaboration des politiques; 3) consultation des parties prenantes dans l’élaboration de politiques démocratiques - la formulation des politiques nécessite des consultations même avec les personnes opposées à la réglementation et 4) bataille pour l’obtention de données probantes - celles-ci sont utilisées de manière stratégique par toutes les parties dans le but de modeler les perceptions et tirer parti de leurs positions. La présente étude 1) contribue à la constitution d’un corpus intégré de connaissances sur la formulation des politiques dans les pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire; 2) montre que la cohérence des politiques entre les ministères pose un défi majeur pour une formulation efficace des politiques de santé et 3) montre que les réseaux d’acteurs ayant des intérêts commerciaux et financiers utilisent diverses stratégies pour influencer les processus de formulation des politiques afin de contourner la réglementation. 酒是导致南非慢性非传染性疾病负担的主要原因。 2007年, 该国7.1%的死亡和7%的总失能调整生命年是由酒精 相关的伤害所致。南非限制酒精广告的法规是建立在证据基 础上的上游干预。目前少有关于中低收入国家政策制定的研 究。本研究旨在描述和探讨2011年3月至2017年5月南非酒精 饮料营销控制法案2013年草案的政策制定过程。考虑到受影 响的行动者在决策过程中的核心作用, 本研究关注酒精产业, 该产业是受政策影响的核心行动者, 了解酒精产业如何与其他 行动者共同影响政策制定过程。本研究采用定性个案研究方 法, 包括梳理利益相关者, 10次深度访谈, 回顾约240份文件。 使用政策制定概念框架来描述复杂的政策制定过程。影响政 策制定的关键因素包括： （1 ）竞争价值和共同价值, 不同的 利益相关者对决策的期望不尽相同； （2） 部门间推诿, 不同 的政府部门试图保护各自的利益, 阻碍政策形成； （3） 在民 主的决策过程中咨询利益相关者, 政策制定需要征询即使是反 对者的意见； （4） 争夺证据, 各方都有策略地使用证据来左 右人们的认知, 形成优势地位。本研究： （1） 有助于形成中 低收入国家政策制定的完整知识体系； （2） 显示政府部门间 实现政策连续性是有效制定卫生政策的主要挑战； （3） 显示 在商业和经济利益驱动下, 各行动者采取多种策略, 影响政策 制定过程, 从而规避监管。 El alcohol es uno de los mayores contribuyentes a la carga de las enfermedades no transmisibles en Suráfrica. En el 2000 7.1% de los años de vida ajustados por discapacidad fueron atribuidos a los daños relacionados con el alcohol en el país. Las regulaciones propuestas para restringir la publicidad en Suráfrica presentan una intervención contracorriente basada en la evidencia. La investigación de la formulación de política en países de ingresos bajos y medios es limitada. Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir y explorar el proceso de formulación de políticas de la propuesta de ley del 2013 sobre el Control de la Publicidad de las Bebidas Alcohólicas en Suráfrica entre marzo de 2011 y mayo de 2017. Reconociendo la centralidad de los actores afectados en los procesos de formulación de política, el estudio se enfoca en la industria del alcohol como el actor central afectado por la política, para entender como ellos—junto con otros actores—pueden influenciar el proceso de formulación de políticas. Un estudio de caso cualitativo fue llevado a cabo, utilizando un mapeo de partes interesadas, 10 entrevistas en profundidad y la revisión de aproximadamente 240 documentos. Un marco conceptual de la formulación de políticas fue aplicado exitosamente como un lente para describir el proceso complejo de formulación. Los factores claves que dan forma a la formulación de políticas incluyeron: (1) valores rivales y compartidos—diferentes partes interesadas promueven ideales opuestos para la formulación de políticas; (2) tensiones entre departamentos—diferentes departamentos gubernamentales tratan de proteger sus propias funciones, entorpeciendo el desarrollo de políticas; (3) la consultación de las partes interesadas en la formulación democrática de políticas—la formulación de políticas requiere consultas mismo con aquellos que se oponen a la regulación y (4) la batalla por la evidencia—la evidencia es usada estratégicamente por todas las partes para dar forma a las percepciones e influenciar las posiciones. Esta investigación (1) contribuye a la creación de evidencia integrada sobre la formulación de políticas en países de ingresos bajos y medios; (2) muestra que lograr la coherencia de políticas entre departamentos gubernamentales crea desafíos en la formulación efectiva de políticas de salud y (3) muestra que las redes de actores con intereses comerciales y financieros usa estrategias diversas para influenciar la formulación de políticas para evadir la regulación.

Drawing on three decades of research, this authoritative guide to global migration dispels many of the myths behind one of our most divisive political issues and presents solutions to make migration work better for everyone.

While existing literature has conceptualized the multiple, complex ways in which NGOs might relate to the state, it has paid limited attention to how NGO–government collaboration leads to NGO policy influence. This study examines small, indigenous grassroots NGOs and their interactions with the local state in China. Using a grounded theory approach, we find that the aspiration for both NGOs and the local state is to establish reciprocal engagement, which consists of three dimensions—proximity and communication, mutual support, and joint action. We explain how reciprocal engagement might lead to NGO policy influence: (a) shaping government departments’ internal work methods, (b) facilitating policy implementation, and (c) influencing policy revision. We further define the boundary conditions for the reciprocal engagement and policy influence framework by examining how regions, administrative agencies, and evolving political climate affect the engagement–influence relationship. Our study provides a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics of NGO–government relations in China and of non-contentious methods of policy influence from the grassroots.