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The Impact of Health Information Exposure and Source Credibility on COVID-19 Vaccination Intention in Germany
Due to the novelty and high transmission rate of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), direct medical countermeasures are urgently needed. Among actions against the further outbreak of COVID-19, vaccination has been considered as a chief candidate. However, the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines has led to concern about their safety and thus to public vaccine hesitancy. Strategic heath communication channels, which are widely used and highly trusted, can contribute to more effective promotions of vaccination intention and to the reduction of misleading information about COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between the exposure to and credibility of different health information sources and the COVID-19 vaccination intention among 629 German adults. Descriptive statistical analysis and multiple linear regressions are employed to examine the research questions. Results reveal that, aside from reliable information from experts and health authorities, local newspapers also have a positive impact on COVID-19 vaccination intention. However, this effect diminishes to some extent when age is considered. In addition, alternative information sources pose a noticeable threat to COVID-19 vaccination intention. Therefore, a close cooperation between healthcare experts, health authorities, and mass media with regard to information dissemination is conducive for vaccination campaigns and for the fight against misleading claims about COVID-19 vaccines.
Journal Article
The handbook of peer production
\"The Handbook of Peer Production has emerged from a community of researchers, practitioners and activists who share a belief in the virtue of open collaboration. We are grateful for this community's existence and hope we have been equal to the task of documenting its work. Academic books are always collective endeavors; we are immensely thankful to those who have helped us in bringing this project forward. The Handbook chapters were peer reviewed by the three editors. In addition, Chapter 1 (\"The Duality of Peer Production\"), Chapter 29 (\"What's Next?\"), and Chapter 30 (\"Be Your Own Peer!\") which we co-wrote, were reviewed by Sébastien Broca. His insightful comments played a substantial part in making our arguments more coherent, so we express our heartfelt thanks for his contribution\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Sources of Health Information and Their Impacts on Medical Knowledge Perception Among the Saudi Arabian Population: Cross-Sectional Study
Having a reliable source for health information is vital to build a strong foundation of knowledge, especially with the current revolution of the internet and social media, which raises many concerns regarding harmful effects on the health of the public. However, there are no studies on how the Saudi Arabian population seeks health information. Details about the most used and trusted sources of health information among the public will help health authorities and public awareness accounts on social media to effectively disseminate health information.
To investigate the types of sources accessed by the Saudi Arabian population while seeking health information, as well as their level of trust in the sources and to assess the impact of these sources on their perception of medical knowledge and health decision-making.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to meet the objectives. The study population included both men and women who were aged 16 years or more and visited primary care clinics at King Khalid University Hospital. Four hundred and thirteen participants were sampled using the simple random method, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (IBM Corp, Armonk, New York, USA).
A total of 413 participants were included in this study, and of these, 99 (24.0%) were males and 206 (49.9%) had a bachelor's degree. Doctors were chosen as the first source of information by 87.6% (283/323) of the participants, and they were completely trusted by most of the population (326/411, 79.3%). The second most commonly used source was pharmacists (112/194, 57.7%), and they were partially trusted by 41.4% (159/384) of the participants. Internet searches, social media, and traditional medicine were not prioritized by most of the participants as the first or second source of health information. The majority of the participants did not trust information obtained from social media, and WhatsApp was the most untrusted source. Almost half of the respondents (197/413, 47.7%) acknowledged that various sources of information can often help them understand their health problems. However, the majority disagreed on substituting a doctor's prescription with information obtained from the internet or a friend or relative.
Although physicians were preferred and highly trusted, internet sources appeared to impact the medical knowledge of the population. The population still preferred to use internet search to obtain health information prior to a doctor's visit.
Journal Article
Users choose to engage with more partisan news than they are exposed to on Google Search
If popular online platforms systematically expose their users to partisan and unreliable news, they could potentially contribute to societal issues such as rising political polarization
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. This concern is central to the ‘echo chamber’
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and ‘filter bubble’
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debates, which critique the roles that user choice and algorithmic curation play in guiding users to different online information sources
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. These roles can be measured as exposure, defined as the URLs shown to users by online platforms, and engagement, defined as the URLs selected by users. However, owing to the challenges of obtaining ecologically valid exposure data—what real users were shown during their typical platform use—research in this vein typically relies on engagement data
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,
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or estimates of hypothetical exposure
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. Studies involving ecological exposure have therefore been rare, and largely limited to social media platforms
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, leaving open questions about web search engines. To address these gaps, we conducted a two-wave study pairing surveys with ecologically valid measures of both exposure and engagement on Google Search during the 2018 and 2020 US elections. In both waves, we found more identity-congruent and unreliable news sources in participants’ engagement choices, both within Google Search and overall, than they were exposed to in their Google Search results. These results indicate that exposure to and engagement with partisan or unreliable news on Google Search are driven not primarily by algorithmic curation but by users’ own choices.
Ecologically valid data collected during the 2018 and 2020 US elections show that exposure to and engagement with partisan or unreliable news on Google Search are driven not primarily by algorithmic curation but by users’ own choices.
Journal Article
Medical information seeking behavior of urban patients in Zhejiang Province, China: a cross-sectional study
Background
Health information seeking behavior (HISB) is a prevalent research topic. However, little is known about sociodemographic factors of HISB in China. This study aimed to examine the HISB of urban patients in China and identify predictors of source preference, online information seeking, and the timing of online seeking.
Methods
Based on the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), this study conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1653 participants in different types of hospitals in 3 cities of different income levels within Zhejiang Province, China. Binary logistic regression analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis were used to identify predictors of source preference, online medical information seeking, and the timing of online seeking for urban patients.
Results
The offline was the primary source of medical information for 58.61% of adult urban patients, while 78.19% had ever sought medical information online. 36.81% of online medical information seekers sought information before the medical visit, 8.65% sought information after the visit, and 54.54% sought information before and after the visit. China’s urban patients with higher education levels, higher income levels, young, active in internet use, and living in high-income cities were more likely to be active online medical information seekers (using the internet as the primary source) and online medical information seekers (having ever sought medical information online). Except for gender and age, most sociodemographic characteristics were not significantly associated with the timing of online medical information seeking.
Conclusions
Significant predictors of active online medical information seekers and online medical information seekers in China were almost the same. Regional economic development had a significant direct impact on medical information seekers. Most sociodemographic characteristics were not significantly associated with the timing of online medical information seeking. The findings of this study imply that China’s health information technology industry has Chinese characteristics.
Journal Article
Development Value, Challenges and Governance of Information Sources in the Digital Age
[Purpose/Significance] It is helpful for the orderly development of network society and the enhancement of information sources to discuss the current situation, problems and governance of information sources in the digital era. [Method/process] This paper sorts out the main characteristics of information sources in the digital age, analyzes the multidimensional value and a series of challenges brought by the development of information sources, and finally discusses the governance system and development trend of information sources in the digital age. [Results/Conclusion] This paper puts forward that the information source governance system is composed of government, social organizations, information product and service providers and individual citizens, and expounds on the specific measures of information source governance from the aspects of the basic goal, core content and important links of governance.
Journal Article
Fair and green hyperparameter optimization via multi-objective and multiple information source Bayesian optimization
It has been recently remarked that focusing only on accuracy in searching for optimal Machine Learning models amplifies biases contained in the data, leading to unfair predictions and decision supports. Recently, multi-objective hyperparameter optimization has been proposed to search for Machine Learning models which offer equally Pareto-efficient trade-offs between accuracy and fairness. Although these approaches proved to be more versatile than fairness-aware Machine Learning algorithms—which instead optimize accuracy constrained to some threshold on fairness—their carbon footprint could be dramatic, due to the large amount of energy required in the case of large datasets. We propose an approach named FanG-HPO: fair and green hyperparameter optimization (HPO), based on both multi-objective and multiple information source Bayesian optimization. FanG-HPO uses subsets of the large dataset to obtain cheap approximations (aka information sources) of both accuracy and fairness, and multi-objective Bayesian optimization to efficiently identify Pareto-efficient (accurate and fair) Machine Learning models. Experiments consider four benchmark (fairness) datasets and four Machine Learning algorithms, and provide an assessment of FanG-HPO against both fairness-aware Machine Learning approaches and two state-of-the-art Bayesian optimization tools addressing multi-objective and energy-aware optimization.
Journal Article
A systematic review of information source preference research
PurposeThis systematic literature review aims to elaborate on the research progress and features of information source preferences to help other researchers attain a more comprehensive understanding of the field.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a systematic review protocol, 139 research articles from 11 academic databases were analyzed.FindingsOverall, five separate results were obtained: first, information source horizon theory is the main theoretical foundation of information source preferences research, while other theories have been applied less. Second, information source preference research has strong context sensitivity and involves health, work, consumption, learning, survival and development and emergencies. Third, preference criteria can be summarized into three categories: information characteristics, user characteristics, needs characteristics and corresponding specific criteria. Fourth, information source preferences are influenced by both internal and external factors, including five specific aspects, namely demographics, the user's cognition, the user's affection, capital and contextual factors. Fifth, this field is dominated by quantitative methods and an information horizon mapping method could be applied more.Originality/valueThis study is the first to reveal the general picture of information source preferences. It also elaborates on the characteristics of this field and presents potential development directions.
Journal Article
Parental digital health information seeking behavior in Switzerland: a cross-sectional study
Background
Digital media are increasingly abundant and used to seek health information, however, to date very little is known on parents’ seeking behavior in the context of child’s health and development outside English-speaking and Scandinavian countries. By investigating the prevalence of, and reasons for use, we studied parents’ perception of the Internet as a resource for improving their health-related knowledge.
Methods
The survey was conducted in a random sample of 2573 Swiss-German parents with at least one child aged less-than 2 years old. Parents received a mailed invitation to fill in an online questionnaire. Two reminders were sent, the later with a paper questionnaire attached. The questionnaire included questions on use of print, digital, and personal information sources, as well as different information situations: general health and development or illness. We ran descriptive analyses on information seeking behavior, type of digital media used, reasons of use. We also conducted regression analyses to explore factors associated with parental perceptions with regard to the Internet’s utility as a source for health information.
Results
A total of 769 questionnaires were returned (response rate 30%). Nearly all parents (91%) used digital media for seeking information on their child’s health and development, and the main reason for use was indicated as being the 24/7 availability of information. Search engines (55%) and webpages for parents (47%) were by far the most frequently used digital media. Generally, the internet is perceived as a good resource, especially by fathers (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.03–3.16). However, a large percentage of parents are skeptical about the correctness of online info (91%), are unsure about their interpretive understanding, and ask for guidance from their pediatrician (67%).
Conclusions
The Internet has become a highly frequented source of information for Swiss-German parents on children’s health with largely valuable perceptions of its utility. Digital media are used in addition to and not in replacement of print media and personal contacts. Increasing parental guidance by health and public health professionals could improve parental digital health utilization and empower parents in the new role they adopt.
Journal Article