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Previous studies have found that reverse technology spillover effects can promote industrial technology modernization in developing countries. However, it is still unknown whether reverse technology spillover effects can improve green innovation efficiency in developing countries. In particular, institutional uncertainties characteristic of transition economies have a significant impact on industrial modernization. Therefore, researching the impact of the institutional environment on the relationship between reverse technology spillover effects and green innovation efficiency is of great significance. In this paper, we use data from G20 countries as well as China’s foreign direct investment (FDI) data to measure the effects of reverse technology spillovers and adopt the threshold effect model to explore the relationship between reverse technology spillover effects and green innovation efficiency as well as the influence of the institutional environment on this relationship, based on China’s provincial panel data from 2003 to 2015. The empirical results show that the reverse technology spillover effects can effectively improve green innovation efficiency. There is a threshold for the influence of the institutional environment on the relationship between reverse technology spillover effects and green innovation efficiency. When the institutional development level surpasses the threshold value, an acceleration effect is generated. In addition, we find that the legal system is the key bottleneck in terms of improving green innovation efficiency. How to improve and perfect the path of institutional construction in China and how to enable institutions to gain threshold speed-up effects have become the major problems the Chinese government faces in institutional construction. The research results of this paper offer a reference to developing countries in regard to improving their institutions and enhancing their green innovation efficiency.

This paper proposes the concept of green institutional environment, and constructs China's green institutional environmental system from the three dimensions of green supervision and public institution, green standardized institution and green accounting institution. Based on the relevant data from 2007 to 2017, this paper simulates China's green institutional environmental index through the Functional Data Analysis method and the functional entropy weight method. The results show that, first, there is a general upward trend in China's green institutional environmental index, with a range of [0.2–0.8]; the minimum value of this index is 0, and there is no maximum value. The larger the value, the higher the level of green institutional environment. Second, at the present stage, China's green standardized institution is relatively well-developed, accounting for the largest weight (i.e., [0.932–0.940]) in the green institutional environmental index system; the green accounting institution plays a supporting role, with a weight of [0.030–0.040], due to the fact that the Chinese government has made great efforts to implement policies at this level; the development of green supervision and public institution is under-developed and has little influence on the green institutional environmental index, with a weight of [0.0285–0.0305]. Finally, the proposed green institutional environmental index remains robust when equalizing the weights of the three dimensions.

Green technology innovation is an important driving force for the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of green technology innovation on the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain under institutional environments. To this aim, the panel data of 28 provinces in China from 2010 to 2019 and panel threshold regression model are applied. Empirical results show that the effect of green technology innovation on the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain is nonlinear under institutional environments. The effect of formal and informal institutional environments on the relationship between green technology innovation and the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain is also different. The positive effect of green technology innovation on the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain is best when the level of formal institutional environment is high and informal institutional environment is moderate. In addition, when we divide the sample into three regions (Eastern, Central, Western), the effect of green technology innovation on the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain under institutional environments shows regional heterogeneity. Hence, with this calculated optimal interval of institutional environments, the government can adjust and improve institutional environments so as to provide the most favorable institutional conditions for green technology innovation to promote the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain. This research is helpful for the government to make rational decisions according to the situation.

China’s economic growth has been heavily driven by its agriculture-related industries. This growth has been attributed to several factors, including government policies, technological advancements, and changing consumer preferences. This research aims to shed light on the underlying mechanisms that have enabled agriculture-related listed companies to thrive in China’s rapidly evolving economic landscape. Specifically, this study examines the role of the institutional environment, diversification strategy, and Confucian culture in the growth of these companies. Based on the institutional basic view theory, transaction cost theory, principal–agent theory, brand theory, and enterprise growth theory, this study uses empirical research to analyse the diversification strategy and growth of 204 agriculture-related listed companies from 2010 to 2019. The study selected companies listed as Class A in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery with complete data and more than three years of history. The selection also covered those whose income from agriculture accounted for more than 50% of the total in 2021, or those with the highest income related to agriculture accounting for over 30% of the total income. The collected data is analysed with SPSS and Stata. The results showed that the formal institutional environment significantly suppresses the diversification strategy of agriculture-related listed companies, while the Confucian culture in the informal institutional environment significantly promotes it. The interaction between the formal and informal institutional environments has a complementary effect on the choice of diversification strategy. The study also finds that diversification strategy significantly suppresses the growth of agriculture-related listed companies, and the formal institutional environment has a more significant inhibitory effect on the diversification strategy of agriculture-related listed companies. In the informal institutional environment, Confucian culture plays a more significant role in promoting the diversification strategy of agriculture-related listed companies. The output of this study is an empirical investigation of the level of institutional setting and diversity production, which could aid in sustainable development and revitalisation of rural communities. Applying the results of this study could help managers anticipate future policy changes and adjust their strategies accordingly, while also assisting companies in developing new products and services that meet changing demand.

Implementation of the sustainable socio-economic development goals is an important task for any country, which is why researchers pay attention to the analysis of factors that influence development. Human development is one of the components of development in a wide context. The level of human development largely depends on the quality of the institutional environment in a society. The article examines the relationship between the human development level and the institutional environment quality. Human Development Index (HDI) and Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) are used. The analysis includes data for 188 countries for the period from 2017 to 2019. Three clusters are obtained as a result of cluster analysis. The Spearman Rank Order and Kendall Tau Correlations are calculated for each cluster. The link between HDI and WDI is found to be directly positive. Moreover, the strength of the relationship depends on the quality of indicators in groups of countries - the higher the quality of indicators, the stronger the link between them. The results are obtained using the Statistica application package.

Objective: The objective of the article is to examine the influence of institutional environment on potential future entrepreneurs and the mediating role of perceived desirability and feasibility. Research Design Methods: On the basis of institutional theory, we applied structural equation modelling to test a model of the relationship between three dimensions of institutional environment (regulatory, cognitive, and normative) and Estonian university students’ entrepreneurial intentions through the mediating role of perceived feasibility and desirability. Hypotheses were proposed and evaluated using data obtained from a survey of 265 Estonian university students. Findings: Results suggest that each dimension of institutional environment plays a decisive role in Estonian university students’ entrepreneurial intentions, except for cognitive dimension, which does not exhibit a significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions through perceived desirability. Implications Recommendations: The results of this study elucidate university students’ entrepreneurial intentions from an Estonian perspective. On the basis of our findings, policymakers and entrepreneurship researchers may better understand how to cultivate entrepreneurial endeavours to facilitate economic development. Contribution Value Added: This study offers a direction for future investigation by underscoring the importance of cultural differences in determining the validity of institutional theory as a means of testing entrepreneurial intentions.

The construct of school climate has received attention as a way to enhance student achievement and reduce problem behaviors. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the existing literature on school climate and to bring to light the strengths, weakness, and gaps in the ways researchers have approached the construct. The central information in this article is organized into five sections. In the first, we describe the theoretical frameworks to support the multidimensionality of school climate and how school climate impacts student outcomes. In the second, we provide a breakdown of the four domains that make up school climate, including academic, community, safety, and institutional environment. In the third, we examine research on the outcomes of school climate. In the fourth, we outline the measurement and analytic methods of the construct of school climate. Finally, we summarize the strengths and limitations of the current work on school climate and make suggestions for future research directions.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reflect upon the contributions made to the social and environmental accounting literature by papers that comprised a 2002 Special Issue of Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal (AAAJ) entitled social and environmental reporting and its role in maintaining or creating organisational legitimacy. This paper will also provide insights into the origins of legitimacy theory as used in the social and environmental accounting literature as well as providing reflections about the strengths, and shortcomings, of the theory. Suggestions are made with respect to the ongoing application, and development, of legitimacy theory.Design/methodology/approachAs a commentary, this paper utilises a review of the social and environmental accounting and institutional literature across a number of decades to reveal insights about the development and use of legitimacy theory as a basis to explain social and environmental reporting practices. Citation data are also used to indicate the potential impact that the papers in the 2002 Special Issue had upon subsequent research.FindingsThis commentary shows that the 2002 Special Issue is the most highly cited issue in the history of AAAJ. It also shows that individually, some of the papers in the Special Issue represent some of the most highly cited papers in the social and environmental accounting literature. The commentary provides arguments to suggest that the development of legitimacy theory is in need of further refinement, and suggests a way in which this refinement might take place.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is largely based on the opinions of one researcher, and the evidence presented in the paper is selected on the basis that it is deemed sufficient to support the opinions being projected. The paper also relies on citation data as an indicator of “impact”. The implication of the research is that it identifies a “way forward” for the development of theory applicable to the understanding of organisational social and environmental reporting practices.Originality/valueThe study provides evidence to show that the 2002 Special Issue was significant within the context of AAAJ, and also within the context of the evolution of the social and environmental accounting literature. The description of the history of the development of legitimacy theory, and of the theory’s subsequent application, provides a solid impetus for future refinements to the theory.

In this article, we review critiques of international business (IB) research with a focus on whether IB scholarship tackles \"big questions.\" We identify three major areas where IB scholars have addressed important global phenomena, but find that they have had little influence outside of IB, and only limited effects on business or government policy. We propose a redirection of IB research towards \"grand challenges\" in global business and the use of interdisciplinary research methods, multilevel approaches, and phenomena-driven perspectives to address those questions. We argue that IB can play a more constructive and vital role by tackling expansive topics at the business-societal interface.

Research summary: We use a novel theoretical framework to synthesize ostensibly disparate streams of nonmarket strategy research. We argue that faced with weak institutions, firms can create and appropriate value by either adapting to, augmenting, or transforming the existing institutional environment, and can do so either independently or in collaboration with others. We use the resulting typology of six distinct nonmarket strategies to provide an integrative review of nonmarket strategy research. We then extend this framework to examine the choice between nonmarket strategies, arguing that this choice depends upon whether the existing institutional environment is incomplete or captured, and discussing other drivers of nonmarket strategy choice, the relationship between these strategies, and their social impact, so as to provide an agenda for future research. Managerial summary: The pursuit of competitive advantage often requires firms to operate in contexts where existing rules and regulations provide inadequate protection. Disruptive technologies open up new opportunities for value creation, but it takes years before appropriate regulations are introduced. Economic reforms open up new markets, but these are often regulated to favor incumbents and politically connected insiders. In such environments, managers must decide whether to adapt their strategies to the existing institutional environment, devote resources to improve it, or try to transform it altogether. In this article, we develop an integrative theoretical framework that connects and synthesizes research examining each of these options, and offers some preliminary thoughts on how managers may choose among these different approaches.