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result(s) for
"integrated photonics"
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Towards low loss non-volatile phase change materials in mid index waveguides
Photonic integrated circuits currently use platform intrinsic thermo-optic and electro-optic effects to implement dynamic functions such as switching, modulation and other processing. Currently, there is a drive to implement field programmable photonic circuits, a need which is only magnified by new neuromorphic and quantum computing applications. The most promising non-volatile photonic components employ phase change materials such as GST and GSST, which had their origin in electronic memory. However, in the optical domain, these compounds introduce significant losses potentially preventing a large number of applications. Here, we evaluate the use of two newly introduced low loss phase change materials, Sb 2 S 3 and Sb 2 Se 3 , on a silicon nitride photonic platform for future implementation in neuromorphic computing. We focus the study on Mach–Zehnder interferometers that operate at the O and C bands to demonstrate the performance of the system. Our measurements show an insertion loss below 0.04 dB μm −1 for Sb 2 S 3 and lower than 0.09 dB μm −1 for Sb 2 Se 3 cladded devices for both amorphous and crystalline phases. The effective refractive index contrast for Sb 2 S 3 on SiNx was measured to be 0.05 at 1310 nm and 0.02 at 1550 nm, whereas for Sb 2 Se 3 , it was 0.03 at 1310 nm and 0.05 at 1550 nm highlighting the performance of the integrated device.
Journal Article
Recent progress of integrated circuits and optoelectronic chips
Integrated circuits (ICs) and optoelectronic chips are the foundation stones of the modern information society. The IC industry has been driven by the so-called “Moore’s law” in the past 60 years, and now has entered the post Moore’s law era. In this paper, we review the recent progress of ICs and optoelectronic chips. The research status, technical challenges and development trend of devices, chips and integrated technologies of typical IC and optoelectronic chips are focused on. The main contents include the development law of IC and optoelectronic chip technology, the IC design and processing technology, emerging memory and chip architecture, brain-like chip structure and its mechanism, heterogeneous integration, quantum chip technology, silicon photonics chip technology, integrated microwave photonic chip, and optoelectronic hybrid integrated chip.
Journal Article
Recent Progress of Imprinted Polymer Photonic Waveguide Devices and Applications
Polymers are promising materials for fabricating photonic integrated waveguide devices. Versatile functional devices can be manufactured using a simple process, with low cost and potential mass-manufacturing. This paper reviews the recent progress of polymer photonic integrated devices fabricated using the UV imprinting technique. The passive polymer waveguide devices for wavelength filtering, power splitting, and light collecting, and the active polymer waveguide devices based on the thermal-optic tuning effect, are introduced. Then, the electro-optic (EO) modulators, by virtue of the high EO coefficient of polymers, are described. Finally, the photonic biosensors, which are based on low-cost and biocompatible polymer platforms, are presented.
Journal Article
Atom-light interactions using optical nanofibres—a perspective
Complete control of light-matter interactions at a single quantum level is critical for quantum science applications such as precision measurement and information processing. Nanophotonic devices, developed with recent advancements in nanofabrication techniques, can be used to tailor the interactions between single photons and atoms. One example of such a nanophotonic device is the optical nanofibre, which provides an excellent platform due to the strongly confined transverse light fields, long interaction length, low loss, and diverse optical modes. This facilitates a strong interaction between atoms and guided light, revealing chiral atom-light processes and the prospect of waveguide quantum electrodynamics. This paper highlights recent advances, experimental techniques, and future perspectives of the optical nanofibre-atom hybrid quantum platform.
Journal Article
Fifty years of optical fiber photonics development in Poland – OFTA2025
Fiber Optics celebrates 50th anniversary of development in Poland. The conferences on Optical Fibers and Their Applications, organized in the country for 50 years, have played an important role in the development of the national scientific and technical community of optical fiber technology, or as we call it today, optical fiber photonics. This branch of photonics includes optical fiber telecommunications and instrumental photonics, including optical fiber components and sensors. Each optical fiber system requires an ultra-low-loss, or specialized, transmission medium in the form of a fiber or planar optical waveguides. The medium can be active or passive, sensitive or insensitive to external influences. Optical fiber spatially limits the spread of an optical wave using the refractive method or using a photonic band gap. To build a modern optical fiber system, light sources and detectors are necessary, as well as various optical and photonic components, preferably integrated or optical fiber, and not necessarily volumetric. Volume solutions in photonic systems are being gradually abandoned due to the reduction of costs and workload, and the increase in the reliability of photonic components and systems. The conference has published its materials in the Proc.SPIE publishing series for many years and is known internationally as Optical Fibers and Their Applications OFTA. The XXI OFTA2025 Conference gathered over 60 participants and over 50 papers and posters were presented. The article reviews the proceedings of the OFTA2025 conference. A version of this paper in Polish was published in Elektronika Monthly by SEP.
Journal Article
Operation of an Electrical-Only-Contact Photonic Integrated Chip for Quantum Random Number Generation Using Laser Gain-Switching
We present the results of the detected voltage distribution of a quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on a photonic integrated circuit comprising a semiconductor laser, delay interferometer and photodetector. We find that the integrated QRNG system behaves as expected for a QRNG from discrete gain-switched laser sources, especially exhibiting all of the peculiarities of the random voltage distribution and behaving as previously demonstrated for a discrete optical component setup. The biggest advantage of having all of the components integrated into a single chip is that only electrical connections are needed to operate the system, without the need for tricky and expensive optical alignment to external circuitry. We supply results showing that a random bit stream created from the random numbers passes the NIST statistical test suite tests, thus demonstrating the feasibility to generate random numbers via quantum means at gigabit/s rates from a single photonic integrated circuit. All of our results are backed by numerical simulations.
Journal Article
Silicon-Thickness-Dependent Optimization of Ultra-Thin SOI Graphene–Plasmonic Slot Electro–Optic Modulators
Graphene–plasmonic electro–optic (EO) modulators have attracted significant interest for compact and energy-efficient integrated photonic systems due to their electrically tunable optical response and strong light–matter interaction. In this work, an ultra-thin silicon-on-insulator (SOI) graphene–plasmonic slot modulator (G-PSM) is investigated using a combined semi-analytical and numerical framework. The analysis integrates finite-temperature Kubo conductivity modeling, perturbation-based effective-index analysis, overlap-factor evaluation, eigenmode analysis, and full-wave simulations to study the influence of silicon thickness on the EO performance of the proposed structure. The obtained results demonstrate that geometry engineering strongly affects modal confinement, overlap enhancement, effective-index perturbation, transmission characteristics, extinction ratio (ER), insertion loss (IL), energy-per-bit consumption, and EO bandwidth. Under optimized operating conditions, the proposed G-PSM achieves an effective refractive-index variation of approximately 3.1×10−3, an ER of approximately 3.5 dB, an IL of 1.5–2 dB, an energy-per-bit consumption of approximately 7.5 fJ/bit, and a 3 dB EO bandwidth approaching 200 GHz. Strong electromagnetic confinement is achieved inside the plasmonic slot region near the graphene-active layer, enabling efficient electro–absorptive and electro–refractive modulation. Excellent agreement between the semi-analytical calculations and numerical simulations validates the developed framework and confirms the suitability of the proposed ultra-thin SOI G-PSM for compact broadband EO modulation in future integrated photonic systems.
Journal Article
Review of Optical Fiber and Integrated Photonic Sensors for Industry and Smart Manufacturing: Technologies, Applications, Structural Health Monitoring and AI-Enabled Sensing
Smart manufacturing, Industry 4.0, and cyber-physical systems (CPSs) require sensing architectures capable of resolving both spatially distributed asset behavior and highly localized process states. This review examines optical fiber sensors (OFSs) and integrated photonic sensors for industrial monitoring through a deployment-oriented, multi-scale perspective. The discussion covers five major application regimes: continuous infrastructure surveillance, structural health monitoring (SHM) of load-bearing composites, dynamic condition monitoring of machinery, in situ observability in advanced manufacturing, and localized chemical or gas sensing. Extended fiber-optic networks, including distributed fiber-optic sensing (DFOS) based on Rayleigh, Raman, and Brillouin scattering, together with multiplexed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, provide passive, embeddable, and remotely interrogated monitoring for large-scale assets and harsh environments. Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) shift transduction to compact node-level devices for localized thermal, mechanical, refractive-index, absorption, vibration, and inertial measurements, while plasmonic and dielectric nanophotonic sensors extend optical monitoring toward surface-selective and chemically specific detection. Across these platforms, digital signal processing (DSP), machine learning (ML), sensor fusion, and digital-twin (DT) coupling are treated as artificial-intelligence-enabled (AI-enabled) layers for signal recovery, inverse mapping, uncertainty reduction, and predictive maintenance. The review argues that scalable industrial adoption is less limited by sensing physics than by the complete deployment chain: packaging, fiber-chip interfacing, calibration stability, interrogation robustness, and AI-enabled data interpretation. This manuscript is structured as a deployment-oriented narrative review of optical fiber and integrated photonic sensors for industrial monitoring and smart manufacturing.
Journal Article
All-Si valley-Hall photonic topological insulator
An all-Si photonic structure emulating the quantum-valley-Hall effect is proposed. We show that it acts as a photonic topological insulator (PTI), and that an interface between two such PTIs can support edge states that are free from scattering. The conservation of the valley degree of freedom enables efficient in- and out-coupling of light between the free space and the photonic structure. The topological protection of the edge waves can be utilized for designing arrays of resonant time-delay photonic cavities that do not suffer from reflections and cross-talk.
Journal Article