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Global Families
In the last fifty years, transnational adoption - specifically, the adoption of Asian children - has exploded in popularity as an alternative path to family making. Despite the cultural acceptance of this practice, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the factors that allowed Asian international adoption to flourish. InGlobal Families, Catherine Ceniza Choy unearths the little-known historical origins of Asian international adoption in the United States. Beginning with the post-World War II presence of the U.S. military in Asia, she reveals how mixed-race children born of Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese women and U.S. servicemen comprised one of the earliest groups of adoptive children. Based on extensive archival research,Global Familiesmoves beyond one-dimensional portrayals of Asian international adoption as either a progressive form of U.S. multiculturalism or as an exploitative form of cultural and economic imperialism. Rather, Choy acknowledges the complexity of the phenomenon, illuminating both its radical possibilities of a world united across national, cultural, and racial divides through family formation and its strong potential for reinforcing the very racial and cultural hierarchies it sought to challenge.Catherine Ceniza Choy is Professor of Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. She is the author of the award-winning book Empire of Care: Nursing and Migration in Filipino American History.
eBook
Il percorso adottivo in una lógica di partecipazione: la progettualità esistenziale nella formazione della filialità e genitorialità adottiva
L'articolo approfondisce il tema della partecipazione nel processo adottivo e in particolare il ruolo e la rilevanza della progettualità nella transizione adottiva e nei processi di formazione dell'appartenenza familiare. La partecipazione è considerata una best practice in quanto permette al bambino di progettare e decidere sul proprio futuro, e alla coppia di effettuare un percorso di autovalutazione della motivazione, delle proprie risorse e della reale disponibilità adottiva. Nella seconda parte dell'articolo si concentra l'attenzione sulle pratiche socio-educative che sostengono i processi partecipativi verso il bambino e la coppia, delineando un percorso che può diventare un modello di riferimento nell'adozione nazionale e internazionale. Parole chiave: partecipazione nel percorso di adozione, riflessività , auto-valutazione, consenso all'adozione, progettualità esistenziale. The article examines the theme of participation in the adoption process. First, it explores the role of existential planning in the adoption transition as a relational and social process which re - organises family identity and belonging. Participation is therefore considered a best practice, since it allows the child to plan and decide on their own future, and the couple to carry out an assessment of their own motivation, resources, and their true readiness for the adoption. Second, the article focuses on socio-educational practices that support participatory processes for the child and the couple, outlining a potential reference model that could be implemented in both national and international adoption. Keywords: participation in the adoption process, self-evaluation, reflexivity, agreement to adoption, existential projectuality.
Journal Article
The traffic in babies : cross-border adoption and baby-selling between the United States and Canada, 1930-1972
Between 1930 and the mid-1970s, several thousand Canadian-born children were adopted by families in the United States. At times, adopting across the border was a strategy used to deliberately avoid professional oversight and take advantage of varying levels of regulation across states and provinces. The Traffic in Babies traces the efforts of Canadian and American child welfare leaders — with intermittent support from immigration officials, politicians, police, and criminal prosecutors — to build bridges between disconnected jurisdictions and control the flow of babies across the Canada-U.S. border. Karen A. Balcom details the dramatic and sometimes tragic history of cross-border adoptions — from the Ideal Maternity Home case and the Alberta Babies-for-Export scandal to trans-racial adoptions of Aboriginal children. Exploring how and why babies were moved across borders, The Traffic in Babies is a fascinating look at how social workers and other policy makers tried to find the birth mothers, adopted children, and adoptive parents who disappeared into the spaces between child welfare and immigration laws in Canada and the United States.
eBook
Cross-Border Marriages
Illuminating how international marriages are negotiated, arranged, and experienced, Cross-Border Marriages is the first book to chart marital migrations involving women and men of diverse national, ethnic, and class backgrounds. The migrations studied here cross geographical borders of provinces, rural-urban borders within nation-states, and international boundaries, including those of China, Japan, South Korea, India, Vietnam, the Philippines, the United States, and Canada. Looking at assumptions about the connection between international marriages and poverty, opportunism, and women's mobility, the book draws attention to ideas about global patterns of inequality that are thought to pressure poor women to emigrate to richer countries, while simultaneously suggesting the limitations of such views.Breaking from studies that regard the international bride as a victim of circumstance and the mechanisms of international marriage as traffic in commodified women, these essays challenge any simple idea of global hypergamy and present a nuanced understanding where a variety of factors, not the least of which is desire, come into play. Indeed, most contemporary marriage-scapes involve women who relocate in order to marry; rarely is it the men. But Nicole Constable and the volume contributors demonstrate that, contrary to popular belief, these brides are not necessarily poor, nor do they categorically marry men who are above them on the socioeconomic ladder.Although often women may appear to be moving \"up\" from a less developed country to a more developed one, they do not necessarily move higher on the chain of economic resources. Complicating these and other assumptions about international marriages, the essays in this volume draw from interviews and rich ethnographic materials to examine women's and men's agency, their motivations for marriage, and the importance of familial pressures and obligations, cultural imaginings, fantasies, and desires, in addition to personal and economic factors.Border-crossing marriages are significant for what they reveal about the intersection of local and global processes in the everyday lives of women and men whose marital opportunities variably yield both rich possibilities and bitter disappointments.
eBook
Alteridade e aliança: Paisagem matrimonial transatlântica
Os casamentos entre pessoas de diferentes países tendem a organizar-se segundo geografias preferenciais e constituem paisagens conjugais distintivas, como a que ganha forma no espaço transatlântico euro-brasileiro de que o presente artigo dá conta. Neste contexto predominam os arranjos matrimoniais com uma determinada estrutura de género-nacionalidade (homens-europeus e mulheres-brasileiras), dos quais emergem configurações de aliança espacial e culturalmente extensivas, assentes numa exogamia que cruza fronteiras políticas, sociais e identitárias. Diversificada e distendida, esta paisagem conjugal articula múltiplos eixos de alteridade: nacionalidade, sexualidade, género, “raça”, etnicidade, classe. Mais do que fatores de clivagem, as demarcações inscritas neste padrão heterogâmico funcionam como indutoras de atração, envolvendo a conjugação de diversos desejos. As diferenças e desigualdades inerentes aos casamentos entre europeus e brasileiras tendem a suscitar a ideia de que as últimas serão as maiores beneficiadas com a constituição de vínculos de aliança transnacionais. Porém, esta hipergamia feminina pode ser obstada, sobretudo quando o matrimónio implica a migração para a Europa. Marriages between people from different countries tend to be organized according to preferential geographies and form distinctive “marriagescapes,” such as the one that takes shape in the Euro-Brazilian transatlantic space, the focus of this article. In this context, marital arrangements with a particular gender-nationality structure prevail (European men and Brazilian women), from which spatial and culturally extensive alliance configurations emerge, based on an exogamy that crosses political, social, and identity boundaries. Diversified and distended, this marriagescape combines multiple axes of alterity: nationality, sexuality, gender, “race,” ethnicity, class. More than cleavage factors, the demarcations inscribed in this heterogamic pattern function as attraction inducing, involving the articulation of diverse desires. The differences and inequalities inherent to the European-Brazilian marriages tend to give rise to the idea that the Brazilian women will be the major beneficiary from the establishment of transnational alliance bonds. However, this female hypergamy can be hindered, particularly when matrimony involves migration to Europe.
Journal Article