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179 result(s) for "interkultureller Vergleich"
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Critical Education in International Perspective
International Perspectives on Critical Education presents new perspectives on critical pedagogy from Latin America, Southern Europe and Africa. While recognising the valuable work in critical pedagogy emerging from North America and the Northern hemisphere, testimony to Paulo Freire’s influence there, this book sheds light on parts of the world that are not given prominence. The book highlights the complementary work of Lorenzo Milani, Amilcar Cabral, exponents of Italian feminism, the Landless Workers Movement (MST) in Brazil, Antonio Gramsci, Gabriela Mistral and Julius Nyerere. It also focuses on a range of struggles such as education in the context of landlessness, independence, renewal and cognitive justice, social creation and against neoliberalism and decolonization.
Effects of a general response style on cross-cultural comparisons. Evidence from the teaching and learning international survey
This paper investigates the integration of response styles (extreme and midpoint responding and socially desirable responding) and their effects on self-reports among 76,887 teachers from 18 countries in the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS). Socially desirable responding (with a positive and a negative impression management factor) and 17 core constructs related to the teaching profession were measured with Likert scales; extreme and midpoint response styles were derived from these measures. Using factor analysis, a general response style was extracted with socially desirable and extreme response styles as positive indicators and midpoint response style as a negative indicator. This general response style was more strongly correlated with constructs of personal involvement, such as teacher efficacy and job satisfaction, than constructs with less personal involvement, at both the individual and country level; however, statistical correction for response styles had negligible effects on the size of cross-cultural differences and country rankings in any construct. We conclude that the general response style can be interpreted as response amplification versus moderation, and that there is no indication that correcting for the general response style increases the validity of cross-cultural comparisons of TALIS teacher data. (DIPF/Orig.).
Limits of Interpretation or Interpretation at the Limits: Perspectives From Hermeneutics on the Re-Figuration of Space and Cross-Cultural Comparison
In this article, I discuss how social scientists can interpret intercultural data in a scientific manner. I argue that, when applying methods of social research, the interpretation of intercultural data does not differ fundamentally, but only slightly from the interpretation of intracultural data. However, it is important to include co-interpreters who are familiar with the culture under investigation into the process of interpreting intercultural data. In addition, I explain that hermeneutics has also come under pressure when faced with the interpretation of intracultural data: In hermeneutics, the premise of the unity of culture of the investigated and the investigators presupposes that cultures are delimitable and that they essentially are not further subdivided. If such a unity of culture ever existed, this unity has undoubtedly been eroded by international developments in recent decades and the concomitant need for contact. Based on these reflections, I conclude by presenting and discussing possibilities for as well as limits on inter- and intracultural interpretation.
Cross-Cultural Comparison in Times of Increasing Transregional Connectedness: Perspectives From Historical Sciences and Area Studies on Processes of Respatialization
In diesem Artikel verfolge ich die Entwicklung der Debatten über den interkulturellen Vergleich innerhalb der historischen und Sozialwissenschaften und argumentiere, dass Vergleiche in Abhängigkeit vom historischen Kontext immer mit dem Studium von Verflechtungen zusammenhängen. In den 1980er und 1990er Jahren geriet der historische Vergleich unter heftige Kritik, während der Vergleich in den Sozialwissenschaften eine herausragende und weithin unbestrittene Methode blieb. Dies erklärt sich aus der unterschiedlichen Reaktion von Historiker:innen und Sozialwissenschaftler:innen auf die Globalisierungsdebatte. In den historischen Wissenschaften hat die scharfe Entgegensetzung von Vergleich und Verflechtungsanalyse Raum für eine Reihe innovativer Ansätze geschaffen, in denen beide nun auf reflektierte Weise wieder kombiniert werden.
Researching Educational Landscapes and Their Refigurational Spacing: Perspectives From Educational Science and Urban Planning
Lokale Bildungslandschaften sind in Deutschland in den letzten Jahren ein viel zitiertes Konzept. In diesem Beitrag behandeln wir die sozialräumliche Bildungslandschaft in Form eines Campus, der die Akteur*innen in Bildung und Stadtplanung an ein spezifisches Leitbild – die Konzentration auf die physische Form und programmatisches Handeln – bindet. Ein Bildungsraum als Campus beinhaltet somit konstitutive Dimensionen von Bildungspraktiken und räumlicher Refiguration von Bildungsbedingungen, die es noch zu entdecken und zu untersuchen gilt. Wir fokussieren die Perspektive von Kindern und Jugendlichen als Hauptzielgruppe dieses Leitbildes sowie die Perspektive der professionellen Akteur*innen. Wir geben daher einen kurzen Überblick über die Charakteristika sozialräumlicher Bildungslandschaften. Zunächst zeichnen wir die planerischen und pädagogischen Prozesse nach, die sich in Bildungsräumen eines Campus in ausgewählten deutschen Kommunen abspielen und vergleichen sie systematisch. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den Aneignungen und Atmosphären von Zugängen und Übergängen sowie auf Nutzungs- und Raumwahrnehmungsmustern. Nach der Analyse der laufenden Entwicklungsprozesse von sozialräumlichen Bildungslandschaften als Campus nehmen wir eine international vergleichende Perspektive ein, um diese zu erforschen.
Concepts of Society in Official Statistics. Perspectives From Mobilities Research and Migration Studies on the Re-Figuration of Space and Cross-Cultural Comparison
Die Entstehung moderner Nationalstaaten ging historisch mit der Entwicklung spezifischer Verständnisse von Individuum, Bevölkerung und Gesellschaft, räumlichen Grenzen und Zugehörigkeiten einher. Über die amtliche Statistik, die ebenfalls in diesem Kontext entstanden ist, wurden diese politischen Konzepte zu messbaren Kategorien und empirischen Realitäten. Gegenstand dieses Beitrags ist die spezifische Konstitution von \"Gesellschaft\" durch die amtliche Statistik. Die Relevanz des statistischen Gesellschaftsverständnisses begründet sich dadurch, dass sie die Grundlage für Stichprobenziehungen in der standardisierten Sozialforschung und damit auch für die kulturvergleichende Sozialforschung bildet: Als Schlüssel zur Verallgemeinerung von Forschungsergebnissen von wenigen Fällen auf größere Maßstäbe erfordert die standardisierte Forschung Stichproben aus angebbaren Grundgesamtheiten. Typischerweise handelt es sich dabei um Register der amtlichen Statistik wie z.B. Einwohnermeldeämter. Dies wird in der Literatur jedoch als Container-Ansatz von Gesellschaft kritisiert, weil eine Kongruenz zwischen (nationalem) Territorium, Kultur und Gesellschaft angenommen wird, statt deren Verhältnis zu analysieren. Dies ist nicht nur eine methodische Schwachstelle, vielmehr affirmiert und naturalisiert diese Stichprobenstrategie den nationalen Rahmen von Gesellschaft und Kultur. Dadurch werden transnationale soziale Beziehungen und Identitätsrahmen verborgen. Hintergrund für die Analyse spezifischer Probleme und Versäumnisse in der amtlichen Statistik bildet die Kritik am skizzierten territorialen Gesellschaftsbegriff, die im Folgenden vorgestellt wird und sich insbesondere auf die Mobilitäts- und Migrationsforschung stützt.
The culture-transmission motive in immigrants: a world-wide internet survey
A world-wide internet survey was conducted to test central assumptions of a recent theory of cultural transmission in minorities proposed by the authors. 844 1st to 2nd generation immigrants from a wide variety of countries recruited on a microjob platform completed a questionnaire designed to test eight hypotheses derived from the theory. Support was obtained for all hypotheses. In particular, evidence was obtained for the continued presence, in the immigrants, of the culture-transmission motive postulated by the theory: the desire to maintain the culture of origin and transmit it to the next generation. Support was also obtained for the hypothesized anchoring of the culture-transmission motive in more basic motives fulfilled by cultural groups, the relative intra- and intergenerational stability of the culture-transmission motive, and its motivating effects for action tendencies and desires that support cultural transmission under the difficult conditions of migration. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the assumption that people have a culture-transmission motive belongs to the folk psychology of sociocultural groups, and that immigrants regard the fulfillment of this desire as a moral right. (Orig.).
Street vending in the neoliberal city
Examining street vending as a global, urban, and informalized practice found both in the Global North and Global South, this volume presents contributions from international scholars working in cities as diverse as Berlin, Dhaka, New York City, Los Angeles, Calcutta, Rio de Janeiro, and Mexico City. The aim of this global approach is to repudiate the assumption that street vending is usually carried out in the Southern hemisphere and to reveal how it also represents an essential—and constantly growing—economic practice in urban centers of the Global North. Although street vending activities vary due to local specificities, this anthology illustrates how these urban practices can also reveal global ties and developments.
Wirtschaftswissen von Jugendlichen in China und Österreich im Vergleich. Einstellungen, Selbsteinschätzungen und Kenntnisse im bilateralen Kontext
As more and more and increasingly complex economic decisions have to be made, economic education has gained in importance worldwide, especially for young people. However, so far there are hardly any extensive empirical studies on economic education in the compulsory school sector. Therefore, in a pilot study in a region of Eastern China, an instrument developed and surveyed in Austria for economic knowledge and other elements of economic education was culturally adapted for use in a feasibility study. The adaptation of the instruments to the conditions in China as well as the collected data will be presented and interpreted in the article. Furthermore, the results are compared with the Austrian findings and possible ways of improving economic education in the school context of both countries are considered. (DIPF/Orig.)
The Marketing of Rebellion
How do a few Third World political movements become global causes célèbres, while most remain isolated? This book rejects dominant views that needy groups readily gain help from selfless nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Instead, they face a Darwinian struggle for scarce resources where support goes to the savviest, not the neediest. Examining Mexico's Zapatista rebels and Nigeria's Ogoni ethnic group, the book draws critical conclusions about social movements, NGOs, and 'global civil society'.