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On the phonology and origin of the labialized dorsal consonants in Seri
This study examines the phonology and historical development of the labialized dorsal consonants in Seri (Cmiique Iitom), a language of northwestern Mexico. This language has a rare contrast between velar and uvular fricatives, each with labialized counterparts, forming six voiceless dorsal phonemes. It is shown that labialized consonants originated historically through the loss of round vowels in three main contexts: posttonic syllable, the third person indirect object prefix, and the emphatic realis prefix. Phonetic phenomena such as anticipatory labialization and postlexical spread are presented in detail. The study also discusses the Seri orthography, which preserves distinctions critical to the language’s structure. Este estudio examina la fonología y el desarrollo histórico de las consonantes dorsales labializadas en el seri (cmiique iitom), una lengua del noroeste de México. Esta lengua presenta un contraste poco común entre fricativas velares y uvulares, cada una con su contraparte labializada, formando seis fonemas dorsales sordos. Se demuestra que las consonantes labializadas surgieron históricamente por la pérdida de vocales redondeadas en tres contextos principales: la sílaba postónica, el prefijo de objeto indirecto de tercera persona y el prefijo de realis enfático. Se presentan detalles fonéticos como la labialización anticipada y la propagación posléxica. Además, se analiza la ortografía del seri, que preserva distinciones críticas para la estructura del idioma.
Journal Article
Variation, contact, and reconstruction in the ancient Indo-European languages : between linguistics and philology
This book reflects the vibrancy of historical linguistics, showing how research on ancient Indo-European languages contributes to the understanding of the principles and patterns of language organization and change, including studies on typologically natural tendencies and cognitive universals.
eBook
NORTHERN JÊ VERB MORPHOLOGY AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF FINITENESS ALTERNATIONS
This paper examines the morphology of verbs in the Northern branch of the Jê language family, paying particular attention to verbal finiteness, a pervasive category in the family that exhibits a number of morphological complexities. We argue that a number of Proto-Northern Jê verbs whose nonfinite forms have been traditionally regarded as suppletive can be shown to be derived through morphophonological processes that are plausible in comparative perspective. The proposal advanced here also illuminates a number of points regarding person inflection and other verbal morphology that have figured prominently in historical studies of Macro-Jê languages.
Journal Article
An Inverse FEM for Structural Health Monitoring of a Containership: Sensor Network Optimization for Accurate Displacement, Strain, and Internal Force Reconstruction
In naval engineering, particular attention has been given to containerships, as these structures are constantly exposed to potential damage during service hours and since they are essential for large-scale transportation. To assess the structural integrity of these ships and to ensure the safety of the crew and the cargo being transported, it is essential to adopt structural health monitoring (SHM) strategies that enable real-time evaluations of a ship’s status. To achieve this, this paper introduces an advancement in the field of smart sensing and SHM that improves ship monitoring and diagnostic capabilities. This is accomplished by a framework that combines the inverse finite element method (iFEM) with the definition of an optimal Fiber Bragg Gratings-based sensor network for the reconstruction of the full field of displacement; strain; and finally, cross-section internal forces. The optimization of the sensor network was performed by defining a multi-objective function that simultaneously considers the accuracy of the displacement field reconstruction and the associated cost of the sensor network. The framework was successfully applied to a mid-portion of a containership case, demonstrating its effective applicability in real and complex scenarios.
Journal Article
The Derivation of the Tibetan Present Prefix g- from ḥ
According to the communis opinio it is arbitrary whether a Tibetan verb takes the prefix g- or ḥ- in its present stem. This paper instead argues that ḥ- [ɣ] originated as a phonetically conditioned variant of g-; a pattern that became obscured through the coinage of denominative verbs and analogical developments.
Journal Article
Grammaticalization meets Construction Grammar
Grammaticalization research has increasingly highlighted the notion of constructions in the last decade. In the wake of this heightened interest, efforts have been made in grammaticalization research to more precisely articulate the largely pretheoretical notion of construction in the theoretical framework of construction grammar. As such, grammaticalization research increasingly interacts and converges with the emerging field of diachronic construction grammar. This volume brings together articles that are situated at the intersection of grammaticalization research and diachronic construction grammar. All articles share an interest in integrating insights from grammaticalization research and construction grammar in order to advance our understanding of empirical cases of grammaticalization. Constructions at various levels of abstractness are investigated, both in well-documented languages, such as Ancient Greek, Latin, Spanish, German, Norwegian and English, and in less-described languages, such as Manchu and Mongolian.
eBook
THE CONTRIBUTION OF A CENTURY OF AMERICANIST STUDIES TO HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS
Since the launch of IJAL 100 years ago, historical linguistics has been a central concern of researchers working on the languages of the Americas, and diachronic studies of New World language families have contributed substantially both to our knowledge of the development and dispersal of languages over time and to the refinement of the methods we use to study language history. This article surveys some of the most important developments over the past century, concentrating largely on work that has appeared in the Journal.
Journal Article
Ancient Indo-European languages between linguistics and philology : contact, variation, and reconstruction
This volume contains a new and up-to date selection of case studies which offer new insights on various topics in Indo-European linguistics, with a focus on contact, variation, and reconstruction, and with methods that straddle the divide between Linguistics and Philology.
eBook
Category Change from a Constructional Perspective
Category change, broadly defined as the shift from one word class to another, is often studied as part of other changes, such as grammaticalization or lexicalization, but not in its own right. This volume offers a survey of different types of category change and their properties, e.g. abrupt versus gradual changes, morphological versus syntactic changes, or context-independent versus context-sensitive changes. The purpose of this collection of papers is to explore the concepts of linguistic category and category change from the perspective of Construction Grammar. Using data from a variety of languages, the authors address a number of themes that are central to current theorizing about category change, such as the question of whether or not categories should be considered discrete entities, how new categories arise, or whether category change can be considered as the emergence of a new construction, i.e. a new form-meaning pairing. The novel approach advanced in this volume will be of interest to historical linguists as well as to general linguists working on the nature of linguistic categories.
eBook