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In 2018, the European Union (EU) adopted a recast of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED), setting the framework for a common EU-wide 2030 target of 32.5% renewables in final energy consumption, for which Member States shall set national contributions. To address the disparities in national targets, the EU introduced three cooperation mechanisms: statistical transfers, joint support schemes, and joint projects. This paper provides an assessment of the utilization of cooperation mechanisms by Member States to meet the 2020 renewable energy target, offering recommendations for the RED III implementation. It analyzes the motivations of both buyer and seller countries, examines the patterns observed in concluded agreements, and interprets the dynamics of the market. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, incorporating a literature review, analysis of official statistics and cooperation agreements, and interviews with government representatives involved in implementing these mechanisms. The study reveals areas for improvement and raises questions about the efficacy of the instruments and their alternatives. To enhance the effectiveness of renewable cooperation mechanisms, a more systemic approach is necessary. The proposed new financing mechanism can ensure certainty in financial allocation and support larger joint projects of European significance. Furthermore, it is anticipated that statistical transfers will continue to be utilized due to established bilateral relationships and the need for last-minute adjustments to achieve renewable energy targets. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in advancing renewable cooperation mechanisms and driving the EU’s progress towards a climate-neutral continent by 2050.

Hostilities in eastern Ukraine have highlighted the need for accelerated transformation of Ukrainian armed forces and strengthening country’s defense capabilities. Ukraine is an active consumer and exporter of weapons, so it needs to improve constantly its position in the international arms market, which, by the way, unlike most markets suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic, is constantly growing. The study aims to assess the prospects of Ukraine’s integration into the world arms market to secure its armed forces and achieve the highest possible level of arms exports. Methods of comparative analysis and integrated approach were used in the study. The obtained results demonstrated that Ukrainian arms export has fallen dramatically in recent years (from 1501 million USD in 2012 to 115 million USD in 2020); the largest importers were China (36% of Ukraine’s total arms exports), Russia (20%), and Thailand (17%). The main explanation for this is the necessity of transition to more technological weapons. Concerning weapon imports, Turkey, the USA, Great Britain, Poland, and Bulgaria became the main suppliers. It is about ammunition, electronics, including electronic warfare stations, means of communication, sniper rifles, grenade launchers, etc. The study substantiated that Ukraine should implement joint projects with other countries to fully develop its high-tech weapons in accordance with the latest military technologies.

Analysis is conducted of the activities performed by the CIS base organizations for science, technology, and innovation operating in the CIS member states under the supervision of the corresponding CIS sectoral cooperation bodies. In accordance with the effective conceptual documents on cooperation within the CIS, a proposal is formulated to create a new electronic information resource of the unified interstate system for training, professional retraining, and professional development of specialists in the CIS member states. The information resource is planned to be placed online on the CIS Internet portal “Information for Innovation in the CIS Member States” (VINITI RAS).

Purpose – International joint ventures offer the appropriate platform for the host partners in an emerging economy to access the external knowledge embedded in the expatriate from foreign partners. However several factors could constrain the acquisition of this knowledge by the local employees who are engaged in the former. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the underlying differences for the individual’s knowledge acquisition capability. Design/methodology/approach – Individual’s knowledge acquisition capability was conceptualized as the individual dimension of absorptive capacity (ACAP). Given the engagement of employees in joint project teams, the team members are expected to differ in their experience and disposition to task. Thus, these differences are considered as predictors of the local team members ACAP, i.e., abilities to: recognize the value of; and assimilate the external knowledge embedded in the foreign partners. The hypothesized model was validated through the results of structural equation modeling on a cross sectional survey of 248 local team members of joint projects in the Nigerian upstream oil industry. Findings – All the hypothesized relationships were supported, with the exception of that between prior experience and ability to recognize the value of knowledge. Originality/value – This study offers empirical clarification on the underlying differences for individual ACAP within the context of asymmetric joint project teams set up to facilitate knowledge transfer. The findings have implications for academic and practical understanding on the role of individuals in the acquisition of external knowledge.

It has been found that it is possible to overcome the existing investment deficit in the forestry and woodworking segments of the forestry sector of the national economy on the basis of expanding the list of forms, methods and sources of attracting foreign investments into the sphere of economic development of the forest resource potential and wood processing. There revealed main trends in the dynamics of expenses for the maintenance and operation of equipment, as well as the maintenance and operation of forest roads across the regional forestry and hunting management departments. The priorities of improving the institutional environment for attracting foreign investments in the sphere of economic development of the forest resource potential and woodworking industry are substantiated based on implementing by state forest enterprises joint projects with foreign partners, as well as projects within the framework of public-private partnership agreements.

PurposeThe challenge of unforeseen uncertainties in exploratory projects requires the lead firm in a project alliance to effectively manage exploratory co-innovation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the types of capabilities a lead firm required in exploratory projects and how these capabilities enable the exploratory innovation of the project alliance.Design/methodology/approachA multiple-case study was done to provide empirical evidence for the rationale of the capabilities of the lead firm. The provided analysis used abductive reasoning of two typical exploratory projects in China.FindingsThis paper identifies two types of capabilities: innovation-related capabilities and network-related capabilities. Furthermore, a process model of the capabilities of the lead firm is developed that enables exploratory co-innovation in a project alliance. The capabilities of the lead firm input varied at four different stages.Practical implicationsInnovation-related capabilities and network-related capabilities could form the foundation for the lead firm in an exploratory project alliance. This will enable an exploratory co-innovation and collaboratively overcome the barriers of exploratory projects.Originality/valueAlthough exploratory project attracts extensive attention for its unique characteristics and universal value, there is limited amount of research on the context of joint exploratory projects. This study starts from the role of lead firm in an exploratory project alliance, contributes toward the comprehension of the link between the lead firm’s capabilities and the process of exploratory co-innovation. The findings will be of value in supporting the management of exploratory innovation in a project alliance.

International joint ventures (IJVs) are a specific type of strategic alliance between contractors from developed and developing countries and have been increasingly used. IJVs between multinational organisations are considered a successful strategy to benefit from international market opportunities in the globalised world. International construction joint ventures (ICJVs) have become of significant interest as the global construction market continues to be integrated into the more competitive business environment. The aim of this article is to uncover the knowledge transfer (KT) practices in an ICJV using social network analysis (SNA). The case presented here is the pilot study. A total of 19 questionnaire surveys were undertaken with selected team members. UCINET 6.0, an SNA package, was used to analyse the collected data and NetDraw was used to visualise the sociogram. This article first presents the actors' attributes; then, social network characteristics, which consist of network structure, network density and degree of centrality and cliques of actors, are presented. This analysis will be used to identify the key actors that influence the KT processes in this case study.

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the micro-level antecedents of absorptive capacity (ACAP) based on the multilevel perspective of learning capabilities in asymmetric joint project engineering teams constituted by local employees and expatriates. Design/methodology/approach The authors integrated the micro-foundational and multilevel learning theories to delineate the individual and team dimensions of ACAP. Using structural equation modelling, the authors tested the hypothesized relationships among the underlying individual determinants and multilevel dimensions of ACAP. The data were collected from a sample of 248 local employees from 76 joint project engineering teams in the Nigerian upstream oil industry. Findings ACAP entails individual and team capabilities, which depend on prior experience and need for cognition. The creation of shared understanding is essential for the transition of an individual’s knowledge assimilation capability into team’s knowledge utilization capability. Originality/value This study contributes to extant understanding of the multilevel perspective of learning capabilities, i.e. ACAP in a knowledge intensive team like joint project engineering.

Technology Transfer Centres (TTCs) have been analyzed in the last few years by focusing on the relationship between a TTC, provider of knowledge-intensive services, and a firm client-receiver. Less attention has been devoted to a more complex relationship which involves in the dyadic provider-receiver tie a third relevant body, University. We provide both a theoretical and an empirical contribution by studying whether TTCs can bond the academic and industrial system and we define the activities that make-up this role such as: scanning and selection of R&D opportunities, bridge building, semantic translation of domain specific knowledge, co-production of new knowledge. The boundary spanning role of TTCs is discussed drawing on different and complementary theoretical perspectives. Moreover, we test research hypotheses on the antecedents of boundary spanning activity from a knowledge-based perspective. We argue that TTC boundary spanners need to leverage on both technical skills and networking competences. Empirical investigation has been carried out with a survey of the TTC population of North East Italy. The research findings highlight the task coordination activities implied by a boundary spanning role in joint R&D projects and show that the endowment of human capital at individual level and a qualified social capital at individual and organizational level are the main determinants.

First, I consider different approaches to implementing an infinite horizon in laboratory economies: a random stopping rule and definite + discounting. Behavioral motives induced by differences in the method of implementation may impede otherwise identical theoretical predictions. While external studies using an indefinite horizon provide weak support for expected utility models, I formalize where differences in observed prices may emerge under different implementations of the horizon. Additionally, I offer an experimental design and programmed laboratory instrument to test whether a more literal interpretation of the infinite horizon yields outcomes closer to predictions.Chapter two is based on a joint project with Daniela Puzzello (Indiana University) and Daniel Houser (George Mason University). We conduct a two-stage experiment using Amazon Mechanical Turk. In the first stage, we collect information on trader's fluid intelligence, cognitive reflection ability, and strategic intelligence. In the second stage, the same subjects participate in an online adaption of the SWW market. We find that market outcomes are comparable to those observed in the more traditional lab setting. In addition, the cognitive reflection task has predictive power over trading strategies and individual market earnings.Chapter three is joint work with Daniela Puzzello. We replicate the FDIC survey, Survey of How America Banks: Household Use of Banking and Financial Service using an online survey platform: Dynata. We find that the online panel generates an estimate of the unbanked population that is slightly higher but statistically indistinguishable from the FDIC/Census estimate. Additionally, the online population reports higher rates of using non-bank services for financial transactions such as money orders, check cashing, bill payment services and international remittances. The addition of new questions to the survey reveals differences in unbanked rates when grouping respondents by risk attitudes, financial literacy, and savings habits.