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\"How do keyboards make music playable? Drawing on theories of media, systems, and cultural techniques, Keys to play spans Greek myth and contemporary Japanese digital games to chart an archaeology of musical play and its animation via improvisation, performance, and recreation. As a paradigmatic digital interface, the keyboard forms a field of play on which the book's diverse objects of inquiry--from clavichords to PCs and eighteenth-century musical dice games to the latest rhythm-action titles--enter into analogical relations. Remapping the keyboard's topography by way of Mozart and Super Mario, who head an expansive cast of historical and virtual actors, Keys to play invites readers to unlock ludic dimensions of music that are at once old and new.\"--Provided by publisher.

BackgroundWorkplace contamination with antineoplastic drugs put health workers at risk of exposure. The environment may be contaminated even in the absence of any handling as external contamination of vials originating from the pharmaceutical manufacturer is widely reported. It constitutes a source of dermal exposure but also of inhalation exposure as vaporisation of antineoplastic agents at room temperature has also been reported with various drugs, such as cyclophosphamide (CP).PurposeThe main goals of this report were to study surface contamination by CP on several surfaces in areas where cytostatics are prepared and administered and also on the vials and their outer packaging to identify areas for improvement in our working protocols.Material and methodsDrug vials containing CP and their outer packaging were wipe sampled. Different surfaces in the preparation and administration areas were also investigated: the work area inside the safety cabinet (before and after cleaning), the phone and computer keyboard in the preparation room, the bags with diluted cytostatics, the table in the administration area, the toilet door handle and the infusion pump control panel. Analysis was performed by liquid chromatography.ResultsThe amount of CP detected ranged from 0.00019 μg/cm2 to 0.00031 μg/cm2. The highest contamination was found on the work surface of the biological safety cabinet before it was cleaned at the end of the work. There was no contamination on the work area inside the safety cabinet after cleaning or on the phone, or on the computer keyboard or the door handle. Because of these results, working protocols were reviewed and new security measures were included: decontamination of vials after their reception with NaOH 0.03 M solution and elimination of their outer packaging; decontamination of surfaces in the administration area; and nurses to wear gloves to administer medications.ConclusionLow amounts of CP have been detected in preparation and administration areas, as well as on external surfaces of vials and their outer packaging. As a consequence, we changed our daily practice to reduce exposure of health workers.No conflict of interest.

In current musicology, sensibility, treated primarily as a human disposition in philosophical, moral, spiritual, physiological, aesthetic, and musical terms in the 18th-century, is often reduced into a musical style (empfindsamer Stil, \"the sensitive style,\" or \"the style of sensibility\"), an aesthetic system associated mostly with C.P.E. Bach, an artistic period or a movement, and a topical label in topic theory. Noting that the 18th-century writers did not view sensibility in such ways, this dissertation, focusing on Haydn and his keyboard sonatas, begins in Chapter 1 by examining the different 18th-century writing on sensibility to delineate the various dimensions of sensibility. It then propounds additional ways in which sensibility can be studied musically today. The subsequent chapters explore a selection of Haydn's keyboard sonatas to observe how they reflect the different perceptions, treatments, and manifestations of sensibility in the composer's time. The examination of Hob. XVI: 46 in Chapter 2 sheds light on a self-forgetful and self-reflexive sensibility that improvises on the clavichord. Chapter 3 suggests the music of Hob. XVII: 20 reveals a spiritual dimension of sensibility that is simultaneously confessional, contemplative, and communal. The study of Hob. XVI: 35-39 in Chapter 4 highlights the Auenbrugger sisters' flexible sensibility that may unsettle gendered stereotypes and form's capacity to evince sensibility's reluctance to forget. Chapter 5 analyses Hob. XVI: 40 and 42 as a musical choreography of innocence and politeness, both feminine ideals in the culture of sensibility. Focusing on Hob. XVI: 50 and 52's first movements, Chapter 6 examines a satirical sensibility that ironically, despite sensibility's emphasis on taste and sympathy, is characterized by a crude and pitiless delight in jokes that ridicule bodily ugliness. Finally, examining Hob. 49 and 52's slow movements, Chapter 7 explores a romantic sensibility that finds its essence in anguish and yearning for the distant.

Online security threats have arisen through Internet banking hacking cases, and highly sensitive user information such as the ID, password, account number, and account password that is used for online payments has become vulnerable. Many security companies have therefore researched protection methods regarding keyboard-entered data for the introduction of defense techniques. Recently, keyboard security issues have arisen due to the production of new malicious codes by attackers who have combined the existing attack techniques with new attack techniques; however, a keyboard security assessment is insufficient here. The research motivation is to serve more secure user authentication methods by evaluating the security of information input from the keyboard device for the user authentication, including Internet banking service. If the authentication information input from the keyboard device is exposed during user authentication, attackers can attempt to illegal login or, worst, steal the victim’s money. Accordingly, in this paper, the existing and the new keyboard-attack techniques that are known are surveyed, and the results are used as the basis for the implementation of sample malicious codes to verify both a security analysis and an assessment of secure keyboard software. As a result of the experiment, if the resend command utilization attack technique is used, 7 out of 10 companies’ products expose keyboard information, and only 1 company’s products detect it. The fundamental reason for these vulnerabilities is that the hardware chip related to the PS/2 interface keyboard does not provide security facilities. Therefore, since keyboard data exposure does not be prevented only by software, it is required to develop a hardware chip that provides security facilities.

Passive sensing through smartphone keyboard data can be used to identify and monitor symptoms of mood disorders with low participant burden. Behavioral phenotyping based on mobile keystroke data can aid in clinical decision-making and provide insights into the individual symptoms of mood disorders. This study aims to derive digital phenotypes based on smartphone keyboard backspace use among 128 community adults across 2948 observations using a Bayesian mixture model. Eligible study participants completed a virtual screening visit where all eligible participants were instructed to download the custom-built BiAffect smartphone keyboard (University of Illinois). The BiAffect keyboard unobtrusively captures keystroke dynamics. All eligible and consenting participants were instructed to use this keyboard exclusively for up to 4 weeks of the study in real life, and participants' compliance was checked at the 2 follow-up visits at week 2 and week 4. As part of the research protocol, every study participant underwent evaluations by a study psychiatrist during each visit. We found that derived phenotypes were associated with not only the diagnoses and severity of depression and mania but also specific individual symptoms. Using a linear mixed-effects model with random intercepts accounting for the nested data structure from daily data, the backspace rates on the continuous scale did not differ between participants in the healthy control and in the mood disorders groups (P=.11). The 3-class model had mean backspace rates of 0.112, 0.180, and 0.268, respectively, with a SD of 0.048. In total, 3 classes, respectively, were estimated to comprise 37.5% (n=47), 54.4% (n=72), and 8.1% (n=9) of the sample. We grouped individuals into Low, Medium, and High backspace rate groups. Individuals with unipolar mood disorder were predominantly in the Medium group (n=54), with some in the Low group (n=27) and a few in the High group (n=6). The Medium group, compared with the Low group, had significantly higher ratings of depression (b=2.32, P=.008). The High group was not associated with ratings of depression with (P=.88) or without (P=.27) adjustment for medication and diagnoses. The High group, compared with the Low group, was associated with both nonzero ratings (b=1.91, P=.02) and higher ratings of mania (b=1.46, P<.001). The High group, compared with the Low group, showed significantly higher odds of elevated mood (P=.03), motor activity (P=.04), and irritability (P<.05). This study demonstrates the promise of mobile typing kinematics in mood disorder research and practice. Monitoring a single mobile typing kinematic feature, that is, backspace rates, through passive sensing imposes a low burden on the participants. Based on real-life keystroke data, our derived digital phenotypes from this single feature can be useful for researchers and practitioners to distinguish between individuals with and those without mood disorder symptoms.