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In 2004, a new concept was introduced for simplifying identification of larvae of the common nematodes of cattle, sheep and goats that comprises estimates of the lengths of the sheath tail extensions of infective third-stage larvae (L3) of each genus and/or species to that of Trichostrongylus spp., instead of having to be dependent only on measurements in micrometre. For example, if the mean length of the sheath tail extension (the extension of the sheath caudad, beyond the caudal tip of the larva) of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Trichostrongylus axei is assumed to be ‘X’, then that of Haemonchus contortus is 2.0–2.7 ‘X’ – a difference that is not difficult to estimate. An additional new approach suggested now, particularly for L3 of species and/or genera difficult to differentiate (such as Chabertia ovina and Oesophagostomum columbianum), is to estimate the proportion of the larval sheath tail extension comprising a terminal thin, whip-like filament. For the experienced person, it is seldom necessary to measure more than one or two sheath tail extensions of L3 in a mixed culture, because the identity of most of the remaining L3 can thereafter be estimated in relation to those measured, without having to take further measurements. The aim of this article was to present the novel approach in the form of a working guide for routine use in the laboratory. To facilitate identification, figures and a separate organogram for each of small ruminants and cattle have been added to illustrate the distinguishing features of the common L3.

This article aims to map how different digital tools can be useful for architects and how they might affect their work processes. Researchers and professionals were interviewed to investigate what they found valuable to measure, which methods they used within their analyses, as well as the opportunities and risks they see for the future of the field with regards to digital tools. As part of the survey, a workshop was held with architects and project managers examining the possibilities of connecting existing methods and tools to the sustainability certification system, City Lab Action Guide, and through that, to achieve a more ambitious set of sustainability goals for the projects. Findings from the study indicate that there are risks associated with giving data an increasingly important role in the design work. A working model never provides the full truth but is inherently limited by its constraints. It is important to acknowledge that all angles and aspects of a problem can never be represented in a model. Another possible risk identified lies in the quality of, and access to, data. In a scenario where data plays an increasingly important role, it is not only the quality of the datasets that is of utmost importance, but it is equally important that the urban planners who request the analyses ask the questions first, and then collect the necessary data, instead of vice versa.

A move from one sector to another isn’t a one-way street. Researchers who have pivoted between the two explain why. A move from one sector to another isn’t a one-way street. Researchers who have pivoted between the two explain why.

The essential reference guide to scientific events worldwide. The essential reference guide to scientific events worldwide.

Early-career encounters and experiences can help to shape leadership styles and the values that drive a research group’s ethos, culture and priorities. Early-career encounters and experiences can help to shape leadership styles and the values that drive a research group’s ethos, culture and priorities.

‘Question and manswer’ sessions are the norm at both in-person and virtual events, even when there’s a good gender balance. ‘Question and manswer’ sessions are the norm at both in-person and virtual events, even when there’s a good gender balance.

Many institutions publicly pledged their commitment to inclusion after Black Lives Matter protests this year. And researchers emphasize the need to maintain momentum. Many institutions publicly pledged their commitment to inclusion after Black Lives Matter protests this year. And researchers emphasize the need to maintain momentum.

Some societies and event organizers are rethinking their alcohol policies in a bid to be more inclusive. Some societies and event organizers are rethinking their alcohol policies in a bid to be more inclusive.

State your main finding in your title, and don’t forget to use the word ‘but’, says Bruce Kirchoff. State your main finding in your title, and don’t forget to use the word ‘but’, says Bruce Kirchoff.

Nature speaks to four conference organizers who share the art of the feedback form. Nature speaks to four conference organizers who share the art of the feedback form.