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Laboratory tests & diagnostic procedures
\"Over 900 tests help you reach a diagnosis! The new fourth edition of Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures is the most complete reference of its kind. Part One consists of a unique alphabetical list of more than 600 diseases, conditions, and symptoms, paired with the tests and procedures commonly used to rule out or confirm each condition. Part Two represents an up-to-date, concise, complete compilation of virtually every laboratory and diagnostic test available to clinicians today.\"--Jacket.
Book
Respiratory Tract Infections and Laboratory Diagnostic Methods: A Review with A Focus on Syndromic Panel-Based Assays
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the focus of developments in public health, given their widespread distribution and the high morbidity and mortality rates reported worldwide. The clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic or mild infection to severe or fatal disease. Rapidity is required in diagnostics to provide adequate and prompt management of patients. The current algorithm for the laboratory diagnosis of RTIs relies on multiple approaches including gold-standard conventional methods, among which the traditional culture is the most used, and innovative ones such as molecular methods, mostly used to detect viruses and atypical bacteria. The implementation of molecular methods with syndromic panels has the potential to be a powerful decision-making tool for patient management despite requiring appropriate use of the test in different patient populations. Their use radically reduces time-to-results and increases the detection of clinically relevant pathogens compared to conventional methods. Moreover, if implemented wisely and interpreted cautiously, syndromic panels can improve antimicrobial use and patient outcomes, and optimize laboratory workflow. In this review, a narrative overview of the main etiological, clinical, and epidemiological features of RTI is reported, focusing on the laboratory diagnosis and the potentialities of syndromic panels.
Journal Article
Flow cytometry of hematological malignancies
Flow Cytometry of Hematological Malignancies contains an array of graphical outputs produced by the technique in the study of the most (and the least) common diseases. The images included allow you to compare your own results with a third party reference pattern. There is a detailed description of the main leukocyte antigens, together with a description of their distribution amongst normal and abnormal blood cells. The book also provides a comprehensive description of the phenotype of every neoplastic blood disease recorded in the WHO classification system, including all the instructions needed to recognise and classify even the least common entity. Designed to be practical, the book is perfect for quick consultation and is divided into two main sections. Section I deals with the direct object of immunophenotyping, and Section II deals with the ultimate target of the analysis. More than 50 antigens are covered and every antigen is dealt with in three main parts: general features, cytometric features and practical hints. This authoritative and state-of-the-art reference will be invaluable for clinicians directly involved in the diagnosis and analysis of hematological diseases, including hematologists, hematopathologists, oncologists, pathologists and technicians working in diagnostic laboratories.
eBook
Alert for imported malaria in non-endemic areas: A case report of atypical falciparum malaria in a young child and diagnostic experience
Background: Although China has eliminated indigenous malaria, imported cases, particularly among young and middle-aged workers returning from Africa, constitute a major challenge for current epidemic prevention and control. In contrast, imported malaria in children is extremely rare and often subject to diagnostic delays in non-endemic areas due to atypical clinical presentations. Case presentation: We report a case of a 2-year-11-month-old boy who returned from Sudan, a malaria-endemic region, presenting with fever and diarrhea as the initial symptoms. The case was identified by the laboratory through the blood routine re-examination rules, crucially informed by the patient’s epidemiological history. The diagnosis was ultimately confirmed as 'Plasmodium falciparum' malaria by rapid diagnostic testing and microscopic examination. Conclusion: This diagnostic pathway exemplifies a closed-loop model of “clinical suspicion → targeted laboratory testing → definitive pathogen identification.” It provides a practical framework for the early detection and diagnosis of pediatric imported malaria with atypical presentations in non-endemic areas.
Journal Article
Recommendations for the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management of Gestational and Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Brazil
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. It presents severity in patients of certain risk groups, such as pregnant women, fetuses, newborns, and immunocompromised patients. The diagnosis of gestational and congenital toxoplasmosis still poses doubts among healthcare professionals. To perform an analysis of Brazilian official documents with recommendations regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and management of gestational and congenital toxoplasmosis in the country. Official manuals published up to 10 years ago were included in the analysis. Through the analysis of five manuals, it was possible to verify that the diagnosis of gestational toxoplasmosis is primarily performed through immunological tests, with the anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG avidity test being the best choice for confirming acute disease in pregnant women. For the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis, the most indicated diagnostic tools are the detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG antibodies and computed tomography for newborns, and Polymerase Chain Reaction of amniotic fluid during gestation. There is a consensus regarding the treatment and management of gestational and congenital toxoplasmosis in the studied manuals, with spiramycin and pyrimethamine being the drugs of choice for the treatment of pregnant women and newborns, respectively. It is noteworthy that all recommended drugs are available in the Unified Health System (SUS). However, there is still no drug with suitable pharmaceutical presentation for administration in newborns. In this context, prophylaxis is essential for reducing the occurrence of the disease in pregnant women, through proper hygiene and cooking of raw food.
Journal Article
Divining without Seeds
Infectious disease is the most common cause of illness and death in Africa, yet health practitioners routinely fail to identify causative microorganisms in most patients. As a result, patients often do not receive the right medicine in time to cure them promptly even when such medicine is available, outbreaks are larger and more devastating than they should be, and the impact of control interventions is difficult to measure. Wrong prescriptions and prolonged infections amount to needless costs for patients and for health systems. In Divining without Seeds, Iruka N. Okeke forcefully argues that laboratory diagnostics are essential to the effective practice of medicine in Africa.The diversity of endemic life-threatening infections and limited public health resources in tropical Africa make the need for basic laboratory diagnostic support even more acute than in other parts of the world. This book gathers compelling case studies of inadequate diagnoses of diseases ranging from fevers—including malaria—to respiratory infections and sexually transmitted diseases. The inherited and widely prevalent health clinic model, which excludes or diminishes the hospital laboratory, is flawed, to often devastating effect. Fortunately, there are new technologies that make it possible to inexpensively implement testing at the primary care level. Divining without Seeds makes clear that routine use of appropriate diagnostic support should be part of every drug delivery plan in Africa and that diagnostic development should be given high priority.
eBook
The emergence of new trends in clinical laboratory diagnosis
Diagnostic processes typically rely on traditional and laborious methods, that are prone to human error, resulting in frequent misdiagnosis of diseases. Computational approaches are being increasingly used for more precise diagnosis of the clinical pathology, diagnosis of genetic and microbial diseases, and analysis of clinical chemistry data. These approaches are progressively used for improving the reliability of testing, resulting in reduced diagnostic errors. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based computational approaches mostly rely on training sets obtained from patient data stored in clinical databases. However, the use of AI is associated with several ethical issues, including patient privacy and data ownership. The capacity of AI-based mathematical models to interpret complex clinical data frequently leads to data bias and reporting of erroneous results based on patient data. In order to improve the reliability of computational approaches in clinical diagnostics, strategies to reduce data bias and analyzing real-life patient data need to be further refined.
Journal Article
Wallach's Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests
An excellent resource for appropriate test ordering and interpretation, Wallach's Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests, 11th Edition, helps you save time, avoid errors, and arrive at an accurate diagnosis.
eBook
Practical medical microbiology for clinicians
Infectious diseases constitute a major portion of illnesses worldwide, and microbiology is a main pillar of clinical infectious disease practice. Knowledge of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites is integral to practice in clinical infectious disease. Practical Medical Microbiology is an invaluable reference for medical microbiology instructors. Drs. Berkowitz and Jerris are experienced teachers in the fields of infectious diseases and microbiology respectively, and provide expert insight into microorganisms that affect patients, how organisms are related to each other, and how they are isolated and identified in the microbiology laboratory. The text also is designed to provide clinicians the knowledge they need to facilitate communication with the microbiologist in their laboratory. The text takes a systematic approach to medical microbiology, describing taxonomy of human pathogens and consideration of organisms within specific taxonomic groups. The text tackles main clinical infections caused by different organisms, and supplements these descriptions with clinical case studies, in order to demonstrate the effects of various organisms. Practical Medical Microbiology is an invaluable resource for students, teachers, and researchers studying clinical microbiology, medical microbiology, infectious diseases, and virology.
eBook